ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pleomorphic lipoma (PL) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor occurring predominantly in middle-aged and elderly men. It is typically found in the subcutaneous tissue of the posterior neck, back, and shoulders. There have also been a few reported cases in the face, scalp, and upper extremities. Currently, there is no report on its occurrence in the anterior mediastinum. CASE SUMMARY: Herein, we report the case of a 67-year-old woman diagnosed with PL in the anterior mediastinum. The tumor was removed by thoracoscopic surgery. There was no recurrence during the 24-mo follow-up period, and the prognosis was good. Most PL are located on the skin surface. However, they may also occur within the body, even in the mediastinum. CONCLUSION: PL occurring in the anterior mediastinum is rare, and it may be differentiated from other tumors.