ABSTRACT
It has been shown that self-regulation of learning is a key variable for an adequate transition and adjustment from secondary school to tertiary education, and it is also associated with successful academic results; therefore, it is relevant to analyze its levels of development in the pre-university stage. The aim of this research was to evaluate the trajectories of self-regulation of learning in secondary school students. The method considered a longitudinal design and included a sample of 403 students from 9th to 12th grade in Chile. An instrument with adequate psychometric properties was used to measure the learning self-regulation process (disposition, performance and self-evaluation phases). The results showed that self-regulation is at suboptimal levels in its different phases (M = 4.25 to M = 4.71). Linear mixed models showed: a significant effect of sex on the disposition variable in favor of females; and that the phases of disposition, performance and self-evaluation do not change over time. It is concluded that, if self-regulation of learning is not specifically trained, it does not increase during secondary school. The findings are discussed considering the possible practical implications for educational policies, research, timely intervention and impact on the quality of school and university education.
ABSTRACT
Resumen La autorregulación docente es de gran importancia porque permite un ejercicio profesional organizado y estructurado, además facilita un desempeño exitoso del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, permitiendo al docente monitorear la efectividad de sus prácticas pedagógicas y modelar habilidades de autorregulación en sus estudiantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar escalas para medir procesos de autorregulación docente en español y con evidencia de su funcionalidad mediante la aplicación de herramientas tecnológicas. El estudio fue cuantitativo, con un diseño instrumental. La muestra estuvo constituida por 204 profesores de Educación Media de Chile. Las escalas fueron adaptadas de la Teacher Self-regulation Scale y sometidas a procedimientos de retrotraducción, entrevistas cognitivas, análisis factorial confirmatorio y análisis de confiabilidad. Los resultados mostraron estimadores adecuados de validez y confiabilidad para las siete escalas correspondientes a establecimiento de metas, interés intrínseco, orientación a metas de desempeño, orientación a metas de dominio, autoinstrucción, control emocional y autoevaluación. En conclusión, las escalas permiten una medición válida y fiable de los procesos de autorregulación de la enseñanza.
Abstract Teacher self-regulation is of great importance because it allows an organized and structured professional exercise, it also facilitates a successful performance of the teaching and learning process, allowing the teacher to monitor the effectiveness of their pedagogical practices and modeling of selfregulatory skills in students. The objective of this study was to adapt and validate scales to measure teaching self-regulation processes in Spanish and with evidence of its functionality by application of technological tools. The study was quantitative, with an instrumental design. The sample consisted of 204 secondary school teachers in Chile. The scales were adapted from the Teacher Self-regulation Scale and underwent back-translation procedures, cognitive interviews, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analyses. The results showed adequate validity and reliability estimators for seven scales corresponding to goal setting, intrinsic interest, performance goal orientation, goal mastery orientation, self-instruction, emotional control, and self-evaluation. In conclusion, the scales allow valid and reliable measurement of teaching self-regulatory processes.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction/Objective: The resilience and emotional intelligence of teachers are crucial in order to face the daily educational challenges. To determine the association between teacher's emotional intelligence and resilience during Emergency Remote Learning. Method: A quantitative approach and a cross-sectional predictive non-experimental design were used. Participants were 1329 teachers from Chilean schools. The WLEIS Emotional Intelligence Scale and the RS-14 resilience scale were used. Spearman correlation analyses and Yuen's test were used for the comparative analysis by sex, and in the case of comparison by specialty the one-way ANOVA test was used; multiple regressions were performed. Results: High levels of resilience and between medium to high emotional intelligence; significant, positive and high relationship between emotional intelligence and resilience. Both in the emotional regulation variable and in the emotional intelligence variable significant differences were found regarding sex and specialty. The results of the predictive model with all emotional intelligence variables as predictors explained 43.5% of the observed variability of resilience. Conclusion: During the pandemic, teachers' emotional intelligence and resilience are essential for facing the educational adversities and challenges that arise as a consequence of a context susceptible to constant and deregulatory change.
Resumen Introducción/Objetivo: La resiliencia y la inteligencia emocional de los profesores son cruciales para afrontar los retos educativos diarios. Determinar la asociación entre la inteligencia emocional de los profesores y la resiliencia durante la enseñanza remota de emergencia. Método: Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño no experimental predictivo transversal. Los participantes fueron 1329 profesores de escuelas chilenas. Se utilizó la escala de inteligencia emocional WLEIS y la escala de resiliencia RS-14. Se utilizaron análisis de correlación de Spearman y la prueba de Yuen para el análisis comparativo por sexo, y en el caso de la comparación por especialidad se utilizó la prueba ANOVA de una vía; se realizaron regresiones múltiples. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron niveles altos de resiliencia y entre media y alta inteligencia emocional; relación significativa, positiva y alta entre inteligencia emocional y resiliencia; tanto en la variable de regulación emocional como en la inteligencia emocional se encontraron diferencias significativas respecto al sexo y la especialidad. Los resultados del modelo predictivo con todas las variables de inteligencia emocional como predictores explicaron el 43,5% de la variabilidad observada de la resiliencia. Conclusión: Durante la pandemia, la inteligencia emocional y la resiliencia de los profesores son esenciales para afrontar las adversidades y los retos educativos que surgen como consecuencia de un contexto susceptible de cambios constantes y desreguladores.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Antecedentes: se observa un aumento creciente en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la población infantil y se multiplican iniciativas para su prevención y control. Objetivo: caracterizar las intervenciones en obesidad infantil publicadas en literatura científica reciente. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de investigaciones empíricas cuantitativas sobre intervenciones en obesidad infantil, en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y Scielo entre los años 2013 y 2019. Se seleccionaron 30 artículos que describían 30 intervenciones distintas. Resultados: las intervenciones se centraron en promover una alimentación saludable y ejercicio físico, con énfasis en la reducción del peso corporal y medidas antropométricas como principales variables de resultado. La duración se concentró entre los 4 y 6 meses y se desarrollaron mayoritariamente en contextos escolares. Conclusiones: los estudios coinciden en la importancia de abordar la problemática a un nivel individual, grupal y comunitario, y cautelar la pertinencia de las intervenciones en función de la especificidad social y cultural del grupo objetivo. Persisten desafíos en relación con el diseño de intervenciones fundamentadas teóricamente, promover la adherencia a los programas y extender periodos de seguimiento para conocer su efectividad en el largo plazo.
Abstract Background: There is a growing increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the child population and initiatives for their prevention and control are multiplying. Objective: To characterize the interventions in child obesity published in recent scientific literature. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of quantitative empirical research on interventions in child obesity was carried out in the Web of Science, Scopus and Scielo databases between the years 2013 and 2019. A total of 30 articles describing 30 different interventions were selected. Results: The interventions were mainly focused on promoting a healthy diet and physical exercise, with an emphasis on reducing body weight and anthropometric measures as the main outcome variables. The duration was concentrated between 4 and 6 months and they were developed mainly in school contexts. Conclusions: The studies agree on the importance of addressing the problem at an individual, group and community level and ensuring the relevance of the interventions based on the social and cultural specificity of the target group. Challenges persist in relation to the design of theoretically-based interventions, promoting adherence to programs, and extending follow-up periods to determine their long-term effectiveness.
Resumo Antecedentes: observa-se um aumento crescente na prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade na população infantil e se multiplicam iniciativas para sua prevenção e controle. Objetivo: caracterizar as intervenções em obesidade infantil publicadas em literatura científica recente. Materiais e Métodos: realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de pesquisas empíricas quantitativas sobre intervenções em obesidade infantil, nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus e Scielo entre os anos 2013 e 2019. Selecionaram-se 30 artigos que descreviam 30 intervenções distintas. Resultados: as intervenções se centraram em promover uma alimentação saudável e exercício físico, com ênfase na redução do peso corporal e medidas antropométricas como principais variáveis de resultado. A duração se concentrou entre os 4 e 6 meses e se desenvolveram maioritariamente em contextos escolares. Conclusões: os estudos coincidem na importância de abordar a problemática a um nível individual, grupal e comunitário, e cautelar a pertinência das intervenções em função da especificidade social e cultural do grupo objetivo. Persistem desafios em relação com o desenho de intervenções fundamentadas teoricamente, promover a aderência aos programas e estender períodos de seguimento para conhecer sua efetividade no longo prazo.
ABSTRACT
Dropping out of university studies is one of the current problems of Higher Education; the increased rates during the first year of the study programme is considerable around the world. Dropping out has negative social implications that are reflected at the personal, family, institutional, and educational levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate a predictive model considering the mediation of university social satisfaction and perceived academic performance within the relations between perceived social support, social self-efficacy and academic purposes with career satisfaction and dropout intention in Chilean university students. A non-experimental explanatory design of latent and observed variables was used. Structural equation analyses with Mplus software were performed. The sample consisted of 956 first year university students. The study complied with the ethical requirements for research with human subjects. As a result, a predictive model with adequate adjustment indexes was obtained. When evaluating the explanatory capacity through the coefficient of determination (R2 ), it was observed that it explains 38.9 and 27.4% of the variance of the dropout intention and career satisfaction, respectively. This percentage of explanation indicates a large effect size in Social Sciences; therefore, they are considered adequate predictive models. The mediation of university social satisfaction on the relationships between social support, social self-efficacy, and academic purposes with academic adjustment and dropout intention was, respectively, confirmed. The perception of academic performance has less influence on dropout intention and on career satisfaction among first-year students. The model obtained allows explaining the dropout intention and career satisfaction in first year students. In addition, it is composed of variables that can potentially be modified in the interaction of students and professors.
ABSTRACT
Due to the closure of universities worldwide because of the COVID-19 pandemic, teaching methods were suddenly transformed to an emergency remote teaching (ERT) modality. Due to the practical nature of STEM courses, students cannot participate in activities in which manipulating objects is necessary for accomplishing learning objectives. In this study, we analyze the relation among STEM students learning beliefs at the beginning of ERT (T1) with their Learning Management systems (LMS) time-on-task and their final academic performance (T2) during the first semester of ERT. We used a prospective longitudinal design. 2063 students (32.3% females) from a university in Chile participated, where the academic year starts in March and finishes in December 2020. We assessed their learning and performance beliefs through an online questionnaire answered at the beginning of the academic period (T1). Then, using learning analytics, time invested in the CANVAS LMS and the academic performance achieved by students at the end of the semester (T2) were assessed. The results show that students mainly stated negative beliefs about learning opportunities during ERT (n = 1,396; 67.7%). In addition, 48.5% (n = 1,000) of students stated beliefs of "medium" academic performance for the first semester (T1). Students with lower learning beliefs at T1 spent less time in the LMS during the semester and had a lower academic performance at T2 than students who had higher learning beliefs at T1. The implications of these findings on the role of instructors and institutions of higher education are discussed.
ABSTRACT
Due to COVID-19, university students continued their academic training remotely. To assess the effects of emergency remote teaching (ERT), we evaluated the expectations and, subsequently, the experiences of university students about online education. This study employed a simple prospective design as its method. We assessed the expectations of 1,904 students from different discipline areas (1,106 women and 798 men; age M = 21.56; SD = 3.07) during the beginning of the first semester, March 2020 (T1), and their experiences at the end of the same academic period, September 2020 (T2). We used convenience non-probability sampling. Participants responded to the questionnaire on Expectations toward virtual education in higher education for students and the questionnaire on virtual education experiences in higher education. The results showed that students' responses reflected low expectations regarding peer relationships and comparison with face-to-face education (T1). This perception was maintained during the evaluation of experiences (T2). Students reported positive experiences regarding online teaching and learning, online assessment, and their self-efficacy beliefs at T2. Statistically significant differences between measurements were found, with the expertise presenting higher averages than expectations. Furthermore, differences by gender were identified, reporting a positive change in the scores of women. In addition, results reflected differences according to the disciplinary area, showing Social Sciences and Medical and Health Sciences students a more significant size effect. Findings regarding the empirical evidence and the implications for future teaching scenarios in Higher Education are discussed.
