Overview of Image Datasets for Deep Learning Applications in Diagnostics of Power Infrastructure.

The power sector is one of the most important engineering sectors, with a lot of equipment that needs to be appropriately maintained, often spread over large areas. With the recent advances in deep learning techniques, many applications can be developed that could be used to automate the power line inspection process, replacing previously manual activities. However, in addition to these novel algorithms, this approach requires specialized datasets, collections that have been properly curated and labeled with the help of experts in the field. When it comes to visual inspection processes, these data are mainly images of various types. This paper consists of two main parts. The first one presents information about datasets used in machine learning, especially deep learning. The need to create domain datasets is justified using the example of the collection of data on power infrastructure objects, and the selected repositories of different collections are compared. In addition, selected collections of digital image data are characterized in more detail. The latter part of the review also discusses the use of an original dataset containing 2630 high-resolution labeled images of power line insulators and comments on the potential applications of this collection.

Interference Level Detector with PCB HDI Rogowski coil for PLC Narrow-Band Applications.

This article presents and discusses the structure, principle of operation, and operational properties of a newly developed interference level detector (ILD) designed to measure conducted supraharmonic disturbances (1-150 kHz) in the power grid and to assess the effectiveness of narrow-band Power Line Communication (PLC) transmission, especially in the PRIME technology. The usability assessment was made on the basis of the validation and the results of tests carried out in a low-voltage network with non-linear loads. Appropriate practical conclusions were then formulated.

Early and Mid-Term Results of Native and Abdominal Aortic Graft Infection Treatment via Surgeon-Constructed Porcine Pericardial Aortic Tubes.

The search for optimal material for aortic infection reconstruction is ongoing. Our study presents the early and mid-term results of surgeon-constructed porcine pericardial tubes in the in-situ reconstruction of abdominal aortic infections, focusing on the safety as well as the durability of surgeon-created tubes. We performed a retrospective analysis of 8 patients treated for native aortic (n = 3) and aortic graft infections (n = 5) with surgeon-created tubes made of porcine pericardium patch (8 × 14 cm NO-REACT Ⓡ, BioIntegral Surgical Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada). There were 7 males and 1 female, aged 68.5 (±4.8 years). Three patients had an aorto-enteric fistula. Technical success was obtained in all patients. Thirty-day mortality was 12.5% (n = 1). Mid-term follow-up was 12 months (2-63 months). One-year mortality was 37.5% (n = 3). Reintervention rate was 28.5% (n = 2). False aneurysm rate in the follow-up was 14.2% (n = 1). Surgeon-constructed porcine pericardial tubes seem to be a promising alternative as a replacement for native as well as graft-related abdominal aortic infections. The mid-term durability is encouraging, once the infection is controlled in cases with successful fistula repair and in native aortic infections patients. Further observations on larger groups, in longer follow-ups are necessary to confirm these preliminary observations.

[Pro-health cycle lane versus environmental pollution and trauma]. / Prozdrowotne sciezki rowerowe a zanieczyszczenie srodowiska naturalnego i urazowosc.

A bicycle as a mean of transport and recreation, but is it a healthy lifestyle? The construction of numerous cycle lanes in cities and promotion of physical activity aims to encourage the public to move around by bicycle. The aim of mass cycling is to reduce car exhaust emissions and, on the other hand, to improve public health. The paper presents the potential benefits of cycling, but also its negative effects on the human body. Minimizing the danger of using a bicycle lies not only with cyclists, but also with people who are planning to build cycle lane.

Finegoldia magna the cause of hip revision surgery - a two case report.

The cause of septic arthritis in 20% of cases is anaerobic bacteria, including infections caused by Finegoldia magna. The occurrence of this pathogen in the etiology of postoperative post-implantive septic joint inflammations is estimated at 5-12% of all anaerobic infections, and 20-40% of all gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC). CASE REPORTS: The 65-year-old male patient was admitted due to symptoms of pain in the left hip after having undergone arthroplasty three years prior. It was found that the relative length of the left lower limb was shortened by 1.5 cm and there was limited mobility of the left hip joint. The radiological image of the left hip indicated the loosening of the endoprosthesis, which qualified for a revision surgery. During hip revision surgery, the material was collected from the site, for microbiological examination, in which Finegoldia magna was detected, sensitive to Amoxicillin with Clavulanic acid, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, Imipenem, Metronidazole and Piperacillin with Tazobactam. Based upon the antibiogram, the patient was given piperacillin with tazobactam (Tazocin, Pfizer) 4 times a day 4.5 g intravenously over 7 days, resulting in a clinical improvement. The 55-year-old female patient was admitted due to recurrent exudates in left trochlear bursa which arose 5 years after left hip arthroplasty. The patient had limited movements in the left hip. Ulrasound diagnostics showed a presence of a thick fluid reservoir located under the fascia in the lateral side of the left thigh measuring 160 x 42 x 25 mm, which had contact with the hip joint. In the radiographic image of the joint, a cyst around the bottom of the implanted acetabular component was revealed. The patient underwent hip revision surgery, and an anaerobic bacterium Finegoldia magna was isolated from a swab taken from the acetabulum. The patient was given piperacillin with tazobactam (Tazocin, Pfizer) 4 times a day 4.5 g intravenously over 7 days, with good clinical effect. CONCLUSIONS: In both cases, the post-implantation septic infection was triggered by Finegoldia magna. Arthroplasty with subsequent antibiotic therapy resulted in an improvement of the patients' condition and joint reconstruction. In orthopedic practice it should be noted that infections due to the anaerobic bacteria Finegoldia magna may be the cause of complications after the arthroplasty of the joints.

Muscular Contribution to Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis from the Perspective of Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a relatively frequent disease within a range 0.5%-5.0% of population, with higher frequency in females. While a resultant spinal deformity is usually medically benign condition, it produces far going psychosocial consequences, which warrant attention. The etiology of AIS is unknown and current therapeutic approaches are symptomatic only, and frequently inconvenient or invasive. Muscular contribution to AIS is widely recognized, although it did not translate to clinical routine as yet. Muscle asymmetry has been documented by pathological examinations as well as systemic muscle disorders frequently leading to scoliosis. It has been also reported numerous genetic, metabolic and radiological alterations in patients with AIS, which are linked to muscular and neuromuscular aspects. Therefore, muscles might be considered an attractive and still insufficiently exploited therapeutic target for AIS. Stem cell-based regenerative medicine is rapidly gaining momentum based on the tremendous progress in understanding of developmental biology. It comes also with a toolbox of various stem cells such as satellite cells or mesenchymal stem cells, which could be transplanted; also, the knowledge acquired in research on regenerative medicine can be applied to manipulation of endogenous stem cells to obtain desired therapeutic goals. Importantly, paravertebral muscles are located relatively superficially; therefore, they can be an easy target for minimally invasive approaches to treatment of AIS. It comes in pair with a fast progress in image guidance, which allows for precise delivery of therapeutic agents, including stem cells to various organs such as brain, muscles, and others. Summing up, it seems that there is a link between AIS, muscles, and stem cells, which might be worth of further investigations with a long-term goal of setting foundations for eventual bench-to-bedside translation.

Radiological evaluation of the Stoffella metatarsal I osteotomy in the treatment of hallux valgus.

The Stoffella surgical method is a reverse Chevron distal metatarsal osteotomy, typically used in younger patients, with good bone quality. The technique is suitable for a variety of cases, from mild to severe, since the head of the first metatarsal may be moved laterally to the edge of the first metatarsal bone, thereby allowing for a significant degree of correction. AIM: The aim of the paper is to review the radiological results of patients suffering from hallux valgus who underwent Stoffella metatarsal I osteotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study has been carried out using a sample of 23 patients, evaluating their pre and post-surgery radiographs. It seeks to examine the effectiveness of the Stoffella metatarsal I osteotomy by measurements of the HVA (Hallux Valgus Angle), IMA (Intermetatarsal Angle), DMAA (Distal Metaphyseal Articular Angle) both prior to and post-surgical correction. RESULTS: The study demonstrated that the Stoffella Metatarsal I osteotomy has a high rate of success, with correction of the HVA, IMA, DMAA angles, with pre- surgery HVA being 29.7°±6.1°, IMA - 12.9°±3.6°, DMAA - 13.7°±7.1°, Post-surgery results show a mean reduction of 51.28%, 51.13%, 50.56% respectively towards a mean HVA of 14.5°±7.4° (p<0.001), mean IMA of 6.3°±3.7° (p<0.001), mean DMAA of 6.8°±4° (p<0.001). All patients who underwent the surgery had HVA, IMA, DMAA angles within the normal physiological range post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the Stoffella Metatarsal I osteotomy is effective in the correction of the hallux valgus.

The collection of images of an insulator taken outdoors in varying lighting conditions with additional laser spots.

Electrical insulators are elements of power lines that require periodical diagnostics. Due to their location on the components of high-voltage power lines, their imaging can be cumbersome and time-consuming, especially under varying lighting conditions. Insulator diagnostics with the use of visual methods may require localizing insulators in the scene. Studies focused on insulator localization in the scene apply a number of methods, including: texture analysis, MRF (Markov Random Field), Gabor filters or GLCM (Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix) [1], [2]. Some methods, e.g. those which localize insulators based on colour analysis [3], rely on object and scene illumination, which is why the images from the dataset are taken under varying lighting conditions. The dataset may also be used to compare the effectiveness of different methods of localizing insulators in images. This article presents high-resolution images depicting a long rod electrical insulator under varying lighting conditions and against different backgrounds: crops, forest and grass. The dataset contains images with visible laser spots (generated by a device emitting light at the wavelength of 532 nm) and images without such spots, as well as complementary data concerning the illumination level and insulator position in the scene, the number of registered laser spots, and their coordinates in the image. The laser spots may be used to support object-localizing algorithms, while the images without spots may serve as a source of information for those algorithms which do not need spots to localize an insulator.

Inter-rater reliability of two-point discrimination in acute stroke patients.

BACKGROUND: The two-point discrimination (2PD) test is widely used in clinical practice to assess tactile acuity and central somatosensory function in stroke patients. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of 2PD test in fingers on the affected and non-affected sides in acute stroke patients. METHODS: This was a single group repeated-measures inter-rater reliability study. Thirty adults with completed ischemic stroke and left paresis participated in the study. Static 2PD sensation was assessed using a standardized Dellon discriminator. Two examiners performed measurements of 2PD sensation on both hands. Each examiner made three series of measurements at intervals of 1 minute. After 15 minutes, the study was conducted in the same order by a second examiner. RESULTS: The ability for 2PD sensation was significantly reduced in all examined fingers on the affected side in comparison to the non-affected side. The difference was statistically significant (in each case, p < 0.0001). Inter-rater reliability (ICC2,1) for the first measurement at the affected site ranged from 0.95 to 0.98; at the non-affected site ranged from 0.30 to 0.82. Analysis of the average value of three measurements (ICC2,3) yielded values for the affected site ranging from 0.98 to 0.99; at the non-affected site ranged from 0.81 to 0.95. CONCLUSIONS: The 2PD sensation values for all fingers were higher for the affected site in comparison to the non-affected site. Conducting three repeatable measurements ensures measurement reliability and repeatability when evaluating 2PD sensation in fingers on both sides in acute stroke patients.

Postural defects in children with cystic fibrosis - preliminary report.

UNLABELLED: Postural disturbances may cause the worsening of cardiopulmonary function in cystic fibrosis children and adolescents, as well as adversely affect their somatic and psychological development. THE AIM: Evaluation of postural defects in the population of cystic fibrosis children and adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Physical orthopedic examination of 41 cystic fibrosis patients (20 girls, 21 boys), aged 2-17 years (mean 8.1). The patients were divided into age groups: I under 5 y.o - 8 patients., II 5-9 y.o.- 6 patients, III 9-13 y.o - 11 patients, IV 13 y.o. and older - 16 patients. Postural disorders were divided into two groups. The first group included defects with a possible influence on the respiratory function of a cystic fibrosis patient: scoliosis, spine defects and chest deformities. The second group included lower extremities defects without influence on the function of the respiratory system. RESULTS: Postural as well as chest disorders were observed in 36 (87.8%) of the patients who were examined. Disorders with possible influence on respiratory system function, were observed in 13 (31.7%) of the 41 patients. Increased thoracic kyphosis (round back) was most frequent. In the group of patients aged 5 years and younger neither spinal nor chest abnormalities were observed. In the group of patients aged 5-9 years 1 (16.6%) case of congenital scoliosis and 1 (16.6%) case of plane back were found. In the group of children aged 9-13 years increased thoracic kyphosis was observed in 2 (18.1%) cases, plane back was observed in 2 (18.1%) children as well, while in 1 (9.0%) case increased lumbar lordosis was diagnosed. Barrell chest was observed in 2 (18.1%) cases. In the group of adolescents aged 13 years and more, 4 (25.0%) cases of scoliosis, 16 (100%) cases of increased thoracic kyphosis and 6 (37.5%) cases of barrel chest were observed. Because of the different methods of examination among posture studies of the healthy population, obtaining a control population is difficult. CONCLUSIONS: The number of postural defects in children with cystic fibrosis increases with age, and is becoming a significant health problem. It seems that there is a need of a deeper study on a greater population. .

[Usefulness of chosen websites concerning diseases of the spine at different stages of the therapy]. / Mozliwosc wykorzystania wybranych witryn internetowych dotyczacych schorzen kregoslupa na róznych etapach procesu terapeutycznego.

In the last years a huge increase in the accessibility to the Internet came. At the this paper we are pointing demonstration out websites, mainly English-speaking, which according to our assessment are very well designed conerning content that is published at them as well as the way of presenation of this content. Thanks to these thematic websites it is easier for the sick to find datum about one's diseases, as well as for doctors to reach patients, both with the information and with the therapeutic offer.

[Indications for usage of oncological prostheses in the treatment of proximal femur methastases]. / Wskazania do zastosowania endoprotez onkologicznych w leczeniu przerzutów nowotworowych do blizszego konca kosci udowej.

In this paper we present indications for usage of oncological prosthesis in the treatment of metastases in proximal femur. According to our experience, based on clinical material of 78 patients treated between year 1997 and 2007 in Spine Surgery, Onclological Orthopaedics and Taumatology Clinic, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, the indications are: massive bone loss, second surgery in the same place, damage of articular surface, small possibility of stable union, threatening patological fracture. At the appropriately selected group of patients application of onclological prosthesis lets for restoring the function of the limb, reducing or bearing pain complaints or removing the entire methastasis.

[Treatment outcome in adults with scoliosis]. / Wyniki leczenia skolioz u doroslych.

Background. Adult scoliosis is still a difficult and unsolved problem. The main reason for patients with this type of scoliosis to seek medical attention is spinal pain, along with the desire to improve the personal appearance. Clinically and radiologically the progression of the deformity is observed in the majority of patients. We present here our own experience with the surgical treatment of these patients. Material and method. The treatment outcome is analyzed in a group of 23 patients with adult scoliosis, operated between 1994 and 2003. Results and conclusions. The average duration of surgery was 190 min, with intraoperative blood loss of 430 ml. surgical correction of the deformation averaged 57%. Postoperative spinal pain lasted for 3 months in 3 patients. Corrective surgery in adult scoliosis should stop the progression of curvature and prevent the growth of degenerative changes and attendant spinal pain.

[Anesthetic complications in spinal surgery]. / Powiklania znieczulen do operacji skolioz.

Background. The frequency of occurrence of anesthesiological complications is closely associated with the type of operation being performed and the chosen method of inducing anesthesia. The present study described complications encountered during anesthesia for various types of surgery to correct scoliosis. The characteristic features of these operations make it possible to identify some additional risk factors associated with anesthesia. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data on adverse events enables comparison with published reports. The goal of this study is to compare our results with those reported by other authors, and to address the question of whether or not specific problems occurring during anesthesia for surgical correction of scoliosis have an impact on the types and frequency of complications. Material and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of the anesthesiological documentation from the period 1998-2002 for patients who underwent surgical reconstruction by the posterior approach (329 cases) or anterior approach (108 cases). The complications reported in these two groups were analyzed. Results. We found 31 complications (9.4%) in patients operated with the posterior approach, and 10 complications (9.3%) in those operated with the anterior approach. Conclusions. The frequency of complication in the study population did not differ from that in published reports. Qualitative differences depend on the type of surgical technique used.

Anterior stabilization in thoraco-lumbar scoliosis.

Background. The selection of the appropriate type of stabilization in the treatment of thoraco-lumbar scoliosis is still a matter for discussion. Material and methods. We present treatment outcome in a group of 127 patients with thoraco-lumbar scoliosis, operated between 1996-2001. The techniques used were the anterior spinal approach with DIF (direct intercorporal fusion) and three-dimensional CD-Hopf stabilization. Results and Conclusions. Deformities were corrected surgically in 78% of the cases. The average duration of surgery was 150 min, with average intraoperative blood loss of 80 ml. Corrective surgery in scoliosis should stop the progression of deformity. The most important advantage of anterior spinal stabilization is the possibility to shorten the area of spinal fusion and save free moving lumbar segments. The DIF technique gives better fusion and correction of the deformity.

Oxidation and degradation products of papaverine. Part I: Gadamer and Schulemann's papaverinol synthesis revisited.

In 1915 Gadamer published in this journal [1] a procedure for the synthesis of papaverinol 2 from papaverine 1 in excellent yield. However, he did not investigate the formation of a violet fluorescence produced upon crystallization of papaverinol 2 from ethanol. The compound responsible for this fluorescence was isolated and identified as the yet unknown quaternary ammonium ion 4, a 6a, 12a-diazadibenzo-[a, g]fluorenylium derivative. The isolation of 4 and its structure determination by spectroscopic methods are described. However, its formation mechanism is unknown.