Factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected subjects and the use of indicators to characterize the treatment adhesion profile.

At present, there is no gold standard to assess patient adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile, delineate adherence indicators, and identify factors associated with adherence and delays in obtaining medication in patients registered at the Specialized Assistance Service in HIV/AIDS in Brazil. This is a descriptive study based on secondary data obtained from official databases of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Adherence and delay were measured by the frequency of cART medication acquisition in 24 months, and a multivariate linear regression model was developed to identify the factors associated with non-adherence and delays. In 50.2% of the subjects, the viral load remained undetectable throughout the study period. Only 12.4% of patients were fully adherent to cART. Regarding indicators, a value of 0.83 was found for adherence, 0.09 for delay in days, and 0.21 for the number of times the patient was late to obtain the medication. The multivariate analysis showed that males, age between 20 and 59 years, having not changed the cART, and the presence of ≥1000 HIV RNA copies/mL were predictive factors for adherence and delays (P≤0.01). We demonstrated that monitoring cART medication distribution is possible using health indicators, and identifying the factors associated with poor adherence to cART helps characterize patients at higher risks of unsuccessful therapy.

Theoretical and experimental approach of fuel gas and carbon black production from coal tar pitch by thermal plasma process.

The processing of coal tar pitch (CTP) to produce clean fuel gas and carbon black (CB) is studied in a plasma reactor equipped with a direct-current plasma torch. The composition of the gas produced and energy costs were estimated theoretically for the CTP pyrolysis and gasification processes by two oxidants, namely oxygen and water vapor. We have found that the main gaseous compounds obtained in the pyrolysis and gasification processes are hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO), and very often carbon dioxide (CO2). For the pyrolysis case, the mean value of the synthesis gas concentration reaches a major value of 98 vol.% (H2 - 81 vol.%, CO - 17. vol.%). However, only 23% of the initial CTP is transformed into gas phase at 1100 K and its content increases up to 37.4% at a temperature of 3000 K. For oxygen gasification, the syngas quantity is little less compared to the pyrolysis case and attains 96.6 vol.% (H2 - 26.5 vol.%, CO - 70.1 vol.%) for T > 1100 K. An intermediate syngas content for the water steam gasification is 97.8 vol.% (with H2 - 55.8 vol.% and CO - 42.0 vol.%). The CB produced was composed of well-defined spherical particles of 30-nm size. Furthermore, it is composed of carbon (98.2%), and followed by oxygen (1.8%) with a surface area of 97 m2 g-1. The thermal plasma system shows high efficiency in conversion of CTP into high-value-added products.

Factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected subjects and the use of indicators to characterize the treatment adhesion profile

At present, there is no gold standard to assess patient adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile, delineate adherence indicators, and identify factors associated with adherence and delays in obtaining medication in patients registered at the Specialized Assistance Service in HIV/AIDS in Brazil. This is a descriptive study based on secondary data obtained from official databases of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Adherence and delay were measured by the frequency of cART medication acquisition in 24 months, and a multivariate linear regression model was developed to identify the factors associated with non-adherence and delays. In 50.2% of the subjects, the viral load remained undetectable throughout the study period. Only 12.4% of patients were fully adherent to cART. Regarding indicators, a value of 0.83 was found for adherence, 0.09 for delay in days, and 0.21 for the number of times the patient was late to obtain the medication. The multivariate analysis showed that males, age between 20 and 59 years, having not changed the cART, and the presence of ≥1000 HIV RNA copies/mL were predictive factors for adherence and delays (P≤0.01). We demonstrated that monitoring cART medication distribution is possible using health indicators, and identifying the factors associated with poor adherence to cART helps characterize patients at higher risks of unsuccessful therapy.

Melanoma nasofaríngeo: caso clínico / Nasopharyngeal melanoma: clinical case

Resumen El melanoma mucoso primario (MM) de la cavidad nasal y los senos paranasales sigue siendo un tumor maligno poco frecuente. El pico de incidencia se sitúa entre 50 y 60 años, siendo la epistaxis y la obstrucción nasal unilateral los síntomas más frecuentes. La resección quirúrgica es el tratamiento primario con radioterapia y quimioterapia adyuvante si es necesario, el pronóstico depende de la extensión. Presentamos el caso de una paciente mujer de 81 años con hemoptisis y halitosis de un año de evolución. La nasofibrolaringoscopia mostró una lesión parduzca, excrecente, irregular y friable, en el borde derecho del rodete tubárico derecho. El resultado histopatológico fue MM nasofaríngeo. Perfil inmunohistoquímico: S100 +, MelanA +, HMB45 +, SOX10 +, AE1AE3 negativo. El PET-CT mostró una hipercaptación a nivel del rodete tubárico derecho, sin evidencia de adenopatías o metástasis a distancia. Se realizó la resección tumoral completa mediante abordaje endoscópico. El Comité de Oncología del Melanoma decidió que no era necesario un tratamiento adyuvante debido a la resección completa de la lesión y considerando la edad y el deterioro cognitivo de la paciente.

Abstract Primary mucous melanoma (MM) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses remains a rare malignancy. The peak of incidence is between 50 and 60 years old, being epistaxis and unilateral nasal obstruction the most frequent symptoms. Surgical resection is the primary treatment with radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy if necessary, the prognosis depends on the spreading. We present the case of an 81-year-old female patient attending for hemoptysis and halitosis of a year of evolution. The nasofibrolaryngoscopy showed a brownish, excrescent, irregular and friable lesion, outgrowth of the right tube rim. Histopathology result was nasopharyngeal MM. Immunohistochemical profile: S100 +, MelanA +, HMB45 +, SOX10 +, AE1AE3 negative. PET-CT showed a hypercaptation at the level of the right tube rim, without evidence of adenopathies or distant metastases. Complete tumor resection was performed by endoscopic surgery. Melanoma Oncology Committee decided no need of adjuvant therapy due to the complete resection of the lesion and considering the age and cognitive deterioration of the patient.

In-depth quantitative proteomic characterization of organotypic hippocampal slice culture reveals sex-specific differences in biochemical pathways.

Sex differences in the brain of mammals range from neuroarchitecture through cognition to cellular metabolism. The hippocampus, a structure mostly associated with learning and memory, presents high vulnerability to neurodegeneration and aging. Therefore, we explored basal sex-related differences in the proteome of organotypic hippocampal slice culture, a major in vitro model for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms related to neurodegenerative disorders. Results suggest a greater prevalence of astrocytic metabolism in females and significant neuronal metabolism in males. The preference for glucose use in glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and glycogen metabolism in females and high abundance of mitochondrial respiration subunits in males support this idea. An overall upregulation of lipid metabolism was observed in females. Upregulation of proteins responsible for neuronal glutamate and GABA synthesis, along with synaptic associated proteins, were observed in males. In general, the significant spectrum of pathways known to predominate in neurons or astrocytes, together with the well-known neuronal and glial markers observed, revealed sex-specific metabolic differences in the hippocampus. TEM qualitative analysis might indicate a greater presence of mitochondria at CA1 synapses in females. These findings are crucial to a better understanding of how sex chromosomes can influence the physiology of cultured hippocampal slices and allow us to gain insights into distinct responses of males and females on neurological diseases that present a sex-biased incidence.

Caudal vena cava collapsibility index in healthy cats by ultrasonography / [Índice de colapsibilidade da veia cava caudal em gatos domésticos Saudáveis, obtido por meio de ultrassonografia]

The objective of this study was to calculate the collapsibility index (CI) in a group of 15 healthy adult mixed breed cats via right hepatic intercostal ultrasound view. The minimal and the maximal diameters of the caudal vena cava (CVC) were obtained during inspiration and expiration, respectively, then CI was calculated. The mean diameter of the CVC was 0.5cm. The mean CI was 28±3% and CI was not significantly associated with gender. As in human medicine, there is a growing need for less invasive monitoring in small animal practice. The CI enables the assessment of estimated volemia without the need for a central venous catheter. This is the first reported study investigating CI in cats.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi calcular o índice de colapsabilidade (IC) em um grupo de 15 gatos adultos, saudáveis e SRD, por meio da janela ultrassonográfica hepática intercostal direita. Os diâmetros mínimo e máximo da veia cava caudal (VCC) foram obtidos durante a inspiração e a expiração, respectivamente. O IC foi calculado, posteriormente. O diâmetro médio da VCC foi de 0,5cm. O diâmetro médio do IC foi de 28±3%, e o IC não foi significativamente associado ao gênero. Como na medicina humana, há uma necessidade crescente de monitoramento menos invasivo na prática de pequenos animais. O IC possibilita a avaliação da volemia estimada sem a necessidade de um cateter venoso central. Este é o primeiro estudo relatado sobre IC em gatos domésticos.(AU)

Caudal vena cava collapsibility index in healthy cats by ultrasonography / [Índice de colapsibilidade da veia cava caudal em gatos domésticos Saudáveis, obtido por meio de ultrassonografia]

The objective of this study was to calculate the collapsibility index (CI) in a group of 15 healthy adult mixed breed cats via right hepatic intercostal ultrasound view. The minimal and the maximal diameters of the caudal vena cava (CVC) were obtained during inspiration and expiration, respectively, then CI was calculated. The mean diameter of the CVC was 0.5cm. The mean CI was 28±3% and CI was not significantly associated with gender. As in human medicine, there is a growing need for less invasive monitoring in small animal practice. The CI enables the assessment of estimated volemia without the need for a central venous catheter. This is the first reported study investigating CI in cats.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi calcular o índice de colapsabilidade (IC) em um grupo de 15 gatos adultos, saudáveis e SRD, por meio da janela ultrassonográfica hepática intercostal direita. Os diâmetros mínimo e máximo da veia cava caudal (VCC) foram obtidos durante a inspiração e a expiração, respectivamente. O IC foi calculado, posteriormente. O diâmetro médio da VCC foi de 0,5cm. O diâmetro médio do IC foi de 28±3%, e o IC não foi significativamente associado ao gênero. Como na medicina humana, há uma necessidade crescente de monitoramento menos invasivo na prática de pequenos animais. O IC possibilita a avaliação da volemia estimada sem a necessidade de um cateter venoso central. Este é o primeiro estudo relatado sobre IC em gatos domésticos.(AU)

Crossed renal ectopia with fusion in a female feline: case report / Ectopia renal cruzada com fusão em uma gata: relato de caso

A 3 year old female feline of mixed breed was sent to the diagnostic imaging sector under suspicion of bleeding due to ovariohysterectomy. An abdominal ultrasonography was performed to confirm the initial suspicion. However, no signs of bleeding were found, instead it was observed that the left renal silhouette had two pelvises and was elongated and larger than normal. The right kidney was not found. Excretory urography was requested to evaluate the condition of the ureters. The final diagnosis was crossed renal ectopia with fusion in an asymptomatic cat with no changes in renal function.(AU)

Uma gata, sem raça definida, com três anos de idade, foi encaminhada para o setor de diagnóstico por imagem sob suspeita de hemorragia devido à ovário-histerectomia. Foi realizada ultrasonografia abdominal para confirmar a suspeita inicial, mas nenhum sinal de hemorragia foi encontrado; visibilizou-se, entretanto, a silhueta renal esquerda alongada, com presença de duas pelves. O rim direito não foi encontrado. Solicitou-se exame de urografia excretora para avaliação de ureteres. O diagnóstico foi de ectopia renal cruzada com fusão em um felino assintomático e sem alterações na função renal.(AU)

Crossed renal ectopia with fusion in a female feline: case report / Ectopia renal cruzada com fusão em uma gata: relato de caso

A 3 year old female feline of mixed breed was sent to the diagnostic imaging sector under suspicion of bleeding due to ovariohysterectomy. An abdominal ultrasonography was performed to confirm the initial suspicion. However, no signs of bleeding were found, instead it was observed that the left renal silhouette had two pelvises and was elongated and larger than normal. The right kidney was not found. Excretory urography was requested to evaluate the condition of the ureters. The final diagnosis was crossed renal ectopia with fusion in an asymptomatic cat with no changes in renal function.(AU)

Uma gata, sem raça definida, com três anos de idade, foi encaminhada para o setor de diagnóstico por imagem sob suspeita de hemorragia devido à ovário-histerectomia. Foi realizada ultrasonografia abdominal para confirmar a suspeita inicial, mas nenhum sinal de hemorragia foi encontrado; visibilizou-se, entretanto, a silhueta renal esquerda alongada, com presença de duas pelves. O rim direito não foi encontrado. Solicitou-se exame de urografia excretora para avaliação de ureteres. O diagnóstico foi de ectopia renal cruzada com fusão em um felino assintomático e sem alterações na função renal.(AU)

Resultados a largo plazo de pacientes con adenocarcinoma de recto inferior tratados con resección anterior ultrabaja interesfintérica / Long-term results of patients with adenocarcinoma of the lower rectum treated with anterior intersphinteric ultra-low-resection

INTRODUCCIÓN: La resección anterior ultrabaja interesfintérica (RAUBIE), permite preservar la función esfinteriana en pacientes seleccionados con cáncer de recto (CR). No obstante, puede producir alteraciones en la función evacuatoria y esfinteriana. OBJETIVO: Analizar los resultados oncológicos y funcionales luego de una RAUBIE. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, durante el período 2007 a 2016. Criterios de inclusión: Pacientes sometidos a RAUBIE por CR con intención curativa. Todos los pacientes tuvieron un seguimiento el año 2017. Para la evaluación funcional se usó la escala de Jorge-Wexner, LARS y Kirwan. Análisis estadístico: Estadística descriptiva y método de Kaplan-Meier. RESULTADOS: De 21 pacientes; catorce (67%) fueron varones, edad promedio: 59 años. Ubicación tumoral: 4 cm (2-6 cm) del margen anal. Dieciocho (85,7%) pacientes recibieron neoadyuvancia. Todos los márgenes quirúrgicos distales y radiales fueron negativos. Un paciente (4,8%) tuvo metástasis a distancia y no hubo recurrencia locorregional. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 76,3 (9,8-126,8) meses, la sobrevida global y libre de enfermedad a 5 años fue de: 100% y 95% (IC: 90,1-99,9%), respectivamente. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 90 meses (21,7-124,2); se realizó la evaluación funcional a 15/21 pacientes. El puntaje de Jorge-Wexner tuvo una mediana de 13 (4-17) puntos, la escala de LARS de 34 puntos y en la escala de Kirwan, cuatro pacientes (26,7%) mostraron una buena función (Kirwan I-II). CONCLUSIÓN: Si bien los resultados oncológicos de los pacientes sometidos a una RAUBIE son satisfactorios, se debería tomar en cuenta los resultados funcionales al momento de proponer esta alternativa quirúrgica.

INTRODUCTION: Intersphinteric resection (ISR) allows preserve sphincter function in selected patients with rectal cancer (RC). Notwithstanding, it can produce alterations in defecation. AIM: To analyze the oncological and functional results after an ISR. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study, in the period 2007-2016. Inclusion criteria: Patients submitted to ISR by RC with curative intention. All the patients had a follow-up in 2017. Analysis of functional evaluation were performed by Jorge-Wexner, LARS and Kirwan scale. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Of 21 patients; Fourteen (67%) were male, average age: 59 years. Tumor location: 4 cm (2-6 cm) from anal verge. Eighteen (85.7%) patients received neoadjuvant therapy. All distal and radial margins were negative. One patient (4.8%) had distant metastases and there was no locoregional recurrence. With a median follow-up of 76.3 (9.8-126.8) months, the 5-year global and disease-free survival was: 100% and 95% (CI: 90.1-99.9%), respectively. With a median follow-up of 90 months (21.7-124.2); Functional evaluation was performed on 15/21 patients. The Jorge-Wexner score had a median of 13 (4-17) points, the LARS scale of 34 points and in Kirwan scale, four patients (26.7%) showed good function (Kirwan I-II). CONCLUSION: The oncological results of patients undergoing ISR are satisfactory, however, functional results should be taken into account when proposing this surgical procedure.

Genetic diversity of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex. Ducke) Barneby, in a forest area in Brazil.

Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Fabaceae) is an arboreal species, endemic to the Amazon Rainforest, popularly known as paricá. It is used on a commercial scale in the timber sector, pulp and paper production, reclamation projects in degraded and landscaped areas. However, there is no availability of genetically improved material selected for the environmental conditions of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. In this sense, the present study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity in a population of S. amazonicum, established in a forest area in the southern region of the State of Espírito Santo, using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. DNA samples from 171 individuals were analyzed using 11 ISSR primers, which generated 79 polymorphic bands in a total of 136 fragments (58%). The polymorphic information content performed for the ISSR markers revealed a mean of 0.37, classifying them as moderately informative. The number of loci found (N = 79) was greater than that established as the optimal number (N = 69) for the analyses. High genetic diversity was found with the parameters, genetic diversity of Nei (HE = 0.375) and Shannon index (I = 0.554). The data demonstrated in the dendrogram, based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, corroborated by the Bayesian analysis performed by the STRUCTURE program, which indicated the formation of two distinct clusters (K = 2). One of the groups was formed with the majority of the individuals (153 genotypes) and the second with the minority (18 genotypes). The results revealed high genetic diversity in the population of S. amazonicum evaluated in the present study, determining the potential of the population to be used as an orchard for seed collection and production of seedlings with confirmed genetic variability.

Genetic diversity of Plathymenia reticulata Benth. in fragments of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil.

Studies of genetic diversity in natural populations are important for the definition of conservation strategies, especially in populations reduced by processes of fragmentation and continuous forest extraction. Molecular markers stand out as interesting tools for these studies. The objective of this research was to characterize the diversity and genetic structure of Plathymenia reticulata (Fabaceae), occurring in two fragments of the Montana Semideciduous Forest in the southern of Espírito Santo State, Brazil, using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. DNA samples from 149 individuals were analyzed using 10 ISSR primers, generating 156 fragments, of which 101 were polymorphic (64.74%). The individuals sampled were classified into three units: adult trees (A), a mixture of progenies (B), and young regenerating individuals (C). The number of loci used (N = 101) was greater than that established as optimal number (N = 88), indicating precision in analyses. The genetic diversity index of Nei (H' = 0.407) and the Shannon index (I = 0.594) were found to have high genetic diversity. Besides, through the diversity parameters evaluated, it was possible to confirm that in the areas of natural regeneration and progeny mix there is genetic diversity equivalent to that found in adults. The analysis of molecular variance indicated that most of the genetic variation is found within the groups (96.53%). Genetic differentiation among adult trees was low (ΦST = 0.03) indicating that high gene flow rates (Nm = 12.70) are counteracting the effects of genetic drift. The data obtained allowed to evaluate the potential of adult trees as matrices for seed collection and to obtain seedlings with confirmed genetic variability.

Ultrasonography and theloscopy for the diagnosis of obstructive fibrosis in the Fürstenberg venous ring in the four quarters of the udder of a cow: a case report / Ultrassonografia e teloscopia no diagnóstico de fibrose obstrutiva do anel venoso de Fürstenberg em quatro quartos mamários em bovino: relato de caso

We report an unusual case of obstructive fibrosis of the venous ring of Fürstenberg in all four quarters of the udder of a cow of the Girolando breed (3/8 Gir and 5/8 Dutch). The information was obtained through a review of medical records, anamnesis, and imaging methods such as theloscopy and ultrasonography. Histopathological analysis provided a definitive diagnosis.(AU)

Relata-se a ocorrência de um caso incomum de fibrose obstrutiva do anel venoso de Fürstenberg em quatro quartos mamários de uma vaca da raça Girolando (3/8 Gir e 5/8 Holandês). As informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário, da anamnese e de métodos de diagnóstico por imagem, como a teloscopia e a ultrassonografia. A análise histopatológica forneceu o diagnóstico definitivo.(AU)

Ultrasonography and theloscopy for the diagnosis of obstructive fibrosis in the Fürstenberg venous ring in the four quarters of the udder of a cow: a case report / Ultrassonografia e teloscopia no diagnóstico de fibrose obstrutiva do anel venoso de Fürstenberg em quatro quartos mamários em bovino: relato de caso

We report an unusual case of obstructive fibrosis of the venous ring of Fürstenberg in all four quarters of the udder of a cow of the Girolando breed (3/8 Gir and 5/8 Dutch). The information was obtained through a review of medical records, anamnesis, and imaging methods such as theloscopy and ultrasonography. Histopathological analysis provided a definitive diagnosis.(AU)

Relata-se a ocorrência de um caso incomum de fibrose obstrutiva do anel venoso de Fürstenberg em quatro quartos mamários de uma vaca da raça Girolando (3/8 Gir e 5/8 Holandês). As informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário, da anamnese e de métodos de diagnóstico por imagem, como a teloscopia e a ultrassonografia. A análise histopatológica forneceu o diagnóstico definitivo.(AU)

Cross-amplification and characterization of microsatellite markers in Alcantarea patriae Versieux & Wand.

The Alcantarea patriae is a Bromeliaceae endemic to the inselbergs of the Atlantic Forest. This taxon, described in the year of 2007 by Versieux & Wanderley, presents restricted and fragmented distribution outside conservation units. Studies to evaluate the genetic structure of its populations can contribute to the conservation and management strategies for the species. In this study, 31 microsatellite markers, descriptive to six different Bromeliaceae species, were evaluated by cross-amplification tests in 20 individuals of A. patriae. The individuals were collected in the district of Vila Cruzeiro, in the municipality of Jerônimo Monteiro. Twelve markers were polymorphic and 10 monomorphic, with an amplification success rate of 71%. The displayed polymorphism information content was considered high, indicating that the selected markers are informative. The values found for the fixation index were positive and indicated the occurrence of inbreeding. The mean number of alleles was 4.66 (3-6), the mean expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.6605 and 0.4618, respectively. The detection of polymorphic markers was important for future studies of diversity and genetic structuring of natural populations and for germplasm bank creation aiming to contribute to in situ and ex situ conservations of A. patriae.

A snapshot on prokaryotic diversity of the Solimões River basin (Amazon, Brazil).

The Amazon region has the largest hydrographic basin on the planet and is well known for its huge biodiversity of plants and animals. However, there is a lack of studies on aquatic microbial biodiversity in the Solimões River, one of its main water courses. To investigate the microbial biodiversity of this region, we performed 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from Solimões River and adjacent rivers and lakes. Our question was which microorganisms inhabit the different types of aquatic environments in this part of the basin, and how diversity varies among these environments (rivers and lakes). The microbial diversity generating 13 clone libraries of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and 5 libraries of the archaeal 16S rRNA gene was assessed. Diversity measured by several alpha diversity indices (ACE, Chao, Shannon and Simpson) revealed significant differences in diversity indices between lake and river samples. The site with higher microbial diversity was in the Solimões River (4S), downstream the confluence with Purus River. The most common bacterial taxon was the cosmopolitan Polynucleobacter genus, widely observed in all samples. The phylum Thaumarchaeota was the prevailing archaeal taxon. Our results provide the first insight into the microbial diversity of the world's largest river basin.

Genetic diversity of Bromeliaceae species from the Atlantic Forest.

The Bromeliaceae family includes a range of species used for many purposes, including ornamental use and use as food, medicine, feed, and fiber. The state of Espírito Santo, Brazil is a center of diversity for this family in the Atlantic Forest. We evaluated the genetic diversity of five populations of the Bromeliaceae family, including specimens of the genera Aechmea, Billbergia (subfamily Bromelioideae), and Pitcairnia (subfamily Pitcairnioidea), all found in the Atlantic Forest and distributed in the state of Espírito Santo. The number of alleles per locus in populations ranged from two to six and the fixation index (F), estimated for some simple sequence repeats in bromeliad populations, was less than zero in all populations. All markers in the Pitcairnia flammea population were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed at some loci in populations of the five bromeliad species. In most cases, this can be attributed to the presence of inbreeding or the Wahlund effect. The genetic diversity indices of five species showed greater allelic richness in P. flammea (3.55). Therefore, we provide useful information for the characterization of genetic diversity in natural populations of Aechmea ramosa, Aechmea nudicaulis, Billbergia horrid, Billbergia euphemia, and P. flammea in Atlantic Forest remnants in the south of Espírito Santo state.

Intraventricular pneumocephalus associated with nasocephalic necrosis in a puppy: a case report / Pneumoencéfalo intraventricular associado à área de necrose nasoencefálica em filhote canino: relato de caso

Pneumocephalus is defined as the presence of air in any of the intracranial compartments. Its most frequent causes are trauma and cranial surgery. Clinical signs occur as a result of increased intracranial pressure and vary with the location and extent of the lesion. A case involving a seven-month-old female Saint Bernard, who suffered cranial trauma caused by a bite to the face at ten days of age and had presented with seizures and localized pain four months previously is reported. A computed tomography scan of the skull revealed a nasocephalic mass with low contrast enhancement, bone lysis, and hypodensity (-940 Hounsfield units) of the lateral and third ventricles, indicating intraventricular pneumocephalus. During surgery, a fragment of the mass was collected for histopathological examination, which demonstrated the presence of multifocal areas of necrosis. The computed tomography (CT) is a reliable method for the characterization of intracranial lesions and diagnosis of pneumocephalus, whose occurrence must be considered in pathological processes in which there is increased intracranial pressure and in patients undergoing certain surgical procedures and anesthetic specific, and CT is indicated as a monitoring tool for these patients.(AU)

Pneumoencéfalo é definido como a presença de gás em quaisquer dos compartimentos intracranianos e possui como causas mais frequentes o traumatismo e cirurgias cranianas. Os sinais clínicos ocorrem como consequência do aumento de pressão intracraniana e variam conforme o local e a extensão da lesão. Relata-se o caso de uma cadela de sete meses de idade, da raça São Bernardo, que sofreu trauma por mordedura em face, quatro meses antes, apresentando crises convulsivas e sensibilidade dolorosa local desde então. O exame tomográfico do crânio revelou massa nasoencefálica com baixa captação de contraste, lise óssea e hipodensidade (-940HU) dos ventrículos laterais e terceiro ventrículo encefálico, caracterizando pneumoencéfalo intraventricular. Foi realizada intervenção cirúrgica e coleta de fragmento da massa para exame histopatológico, que demonstrou existência de necrose multifocal. O exame de tomografia computadorizada (TC) é um método confiável para a caracterização de lesões intracranianas e diagnóstico de pneumoencéfalo, cuja ocorrência deve ser considerada em processos patológicos nos quais há aumento da pressão intracraniana e em pacientes submetidos a alguns procedimentos cirúrgicos e anestésicos específicos, sendo a TC indicada como ferramenta de monitoramento desses pacientes.(AU)

¿Conoce cuál es su riesgo de tener diabetes? / Do you know your risk of having diabetes?

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es una enfermedad silenciosa que afecta hasta el 20% de nuestra población y de ella, hasta el 50% desconoce que la padece. Esta enfermedad se asocia a una alta prevalencia sobre factores de riesgo como el sobrepeso, la obesidad y la inactividad física. Con frecuencia, la DM2 se diagnostica en forma tardía y a veces genera diversas complicaciones asociadas que podrían evitarse

Etiología y perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana en infecciones del pie diabético / Etiology and antimicrobial resistance profile in diabetic foot infections

El pie diabético infectado (PDI) es aquel que presenta infección de piel y partes blandas u óseas por debajo del maléolo; constituye la complicación más frecuente de diabetes que causa hospitalización y amputación. En nuestro hospital los pacientes con pie diabético son asistidos en un consultorio multidisciplinario; el 40% presenta infección leve moderada o grave