ABSTRACT
En esta investigación el objetivo principal fue comprender el lugar que ocupa la comunicación en las formas de acción colectiva juvenil de dos experiencias organizativas que trabajan por la memoria y contra la impunidad: H.I.J.O.S. (Hijos e Hijas por la Identidad y la Justicia, contra el Olvido y el Silencio) y Contagio comunicación multimedia. La propuesta metodológica se basó en un enfoque de investigación colaborativa y militante, y en la combinación de distintas técnicas: participación observante, conversatorios, entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis de contenidos radiales, textuales y audiovisuales. Se logró identificar que ambas experiencias construyen la relación entre comunicación y acción colectiva a través de prácticas y dinámicas diversas, que en su conjunto agencian políticas de la memoria contrahegemónicas y promueven iniciativas movilizadoras en términos de construcción de paz.
The main purpose of this investigation was to understand the place that communication occupies in different forms of youth collective action with two organizational experiences that promote memory and fight against impunity: H.I.J.O.S. (Sons and Daughters for Identity and Justice against Oblivion and Silence, from its Spanish acronym) and the Contagio multimedia communication collective. The methodological proposal was based on a militant and collaborative research approach that combined different techniques: participatory observation, dialogue spaces, semi-structured interviews and analysis of radio, textual and audiovisual content. The study identified that both collective action experiences build the relation between communication and collective action through diverse practices and dynamics, which as a whole promote counterhegemonic policies for memory and mobilizing initiatives in the area of peace building.
Nesta pesquisa, o principal objetivo foi compreender o lugar que a comunicação ocupa nas formas de ações coletivas juvenis em duas experiências organizacionais de trabalho para memória e contra a impunidade: H.I.J.O.S. (Hijos e Hijas por la Identidad y la Justicia, contra el Olvido y el Silencio-Filhos e Filhas pela Identidade e a Justiça, contra o Esquecimento e o Silêncio) y Contagio comunicación multimedia (Contagio comunicação multimídia). A proposta metodológica está fundamentada em uma abordagem de pesquisa colaborativa e militante e também na combinação de diferentes técnicas: participação observante, debates, entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de conteúdos de rádio, textos e produções audiovisuais. Foi identificado que ambas as experiências estabelecem relação entre comunicação e ação coletiva por meio de práticas e dinâmicas diversificadas, que postas em conjunto conduzem políticas pela memória contrahegemônica e promovem iniciativas mobilizadoras no que tange a construção da paz.
Subject(s)
Humans , Communications Media , Memory , Community Participation/methods , ColombiaABSTRACT
Several reports suggest that HTLV-I/HIV coinfection may be associated with an increased risk of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In HTLV-I-monoinfected patients, the occurrence of HAM/TSP is associated with high peripheral blood HTLV-I proviral load. Using a real-time quantitative PCR assay, we assessed the proviral DNA load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 15 asymptomatic HTLV-I-monoinfected patients, 15 HTLV-I-monoinfected patients with HAM/TSP, and 25 HTLV-I/HIV-1 coinfected patients, including 4 with HAM/TSP. We also measured HIV-1 proviral DNA load in PBMCs from the coinfected patients. The median HTLV-I proviral loads were 6,800 and 4,100 copies per 10(6) PBMCs in the asymptomatic monoinfected and coinfected groups, and 58,800 and 43,300 copies per 10(6) PBMCs in the monoinfected and coinfected patients with HAM/TSP, respectively. The difference between HTLV-I proviral loads in HAM/TSP and asymptomatic monoinfected patients was statistically significant (p < 0.0001), but there was no difference between the HTLV-I-monoinfected and HTLV-I/HIV-1-coinfected groups. There was no correlation between HTLV-I and HIV-1 proviral load. HTLV-I proviral load did not correlate with the CD4+ T lymphocyte count. Among patients with no HTLV-I disease, the median copy number of HTLV-I per 10(6) circulating CD4+ T cells was 114,000 in the coinfected group and 16,700 in the monoinfected group, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.089). These data do not confirm the hypothesis in which HIV-1 coinfection would increase HTLV-I proviral burden in the PBMCs. However, depletion of the CD4+ T cell subset, the main target of HTLV-I, could be counterbalanced by an up-regulation of HTLV-I replication or by greater resistance of HTLV-I-infected cells to HIV-1-induced destruction.
Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/virology , DNA, Viral/blood , HIV-1/genetics , HTLV-I Infections/virology , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/virology , Viral Load , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/immunology , Adult , Aged , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology , Female , HTLV-I Infections/immunology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/immunology , Proviruses/geneticsABSTRACT
The dot ELISA technique was applied for direct detection of BK virus in clinical urine samples. The assay was performed on nitrocellulose paper dotted with the polyethylene glycol precipitated urine samples free of cellular debris. BK virus was detected with an anti-BK virus monoclonal antibody, and the complex was visualized by immunoperoxidase staining. Positive reaction appeared as well-defined dark blue spots. Of the 110 urine samples examined, 31 were positive in the dot ELISA and 79 proved negative. Comparing with the IIF results, the dot ELISA had a 88.46% of sensibility and 90.4% of specificity, and the results agreed completely in 99 samples. The simple dot ELISA technique can be recommended for detection of BK virus excretion in routinary diagnostic.