Comparison of the effect of two internal fixation methods for proximal clavicle fractures.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of two internal fixation methods in the treatment of proximal clavicle fractures. METHODS Fifty patients with proximal clavicle fractures received surgical treatment. They were divided into a clavicular T-plate group and a double mini-plates group. The duration of the operation, blood loss during the operation, fracture healing time, and incision infection were evaluated between the two groups. RESULTS Operation time (t=2.063, P=0.058), intraoperative bleeding (t=1.979, P=0.062), and fracture healing time (t=1.082, P=0.066) were not statistically significant in the two groups. The patients were followed up for 12-18 months; one patient in the T-plate group had early removal of nails, but no clinical symptoms. At the 2-month follow-up, the ASES score in the double mini-plates group was significantly better than in the T-plate group (P<0.001); but at the 6-month follow-up, 1-week before removal of internal fixation and the final follow-up, the two groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both internal fixations have similar clinical results in the duration of operation, blood loss during the operation, and fracture healing time. The double mini-plates fixation presents advantages by reducing complications and speeding fracture healing; thus it is a more effective method to treat proximal clavicle fractures.

Redox-responsive polyprodrug nanoparticles for targeted siRNA delivery and synergistic liver cancer therapy.

Combination therapy has been developed as an innovative modality for effective cancer therapy. However, the administration of combinatorial therapeutics is limited by the varying pharmacokinetics of different drugs. Although numerous nanoparticles (NPs) can synchronize the delivery of combinatorial therapeutics to tumor cells, their clinical translation is still challenged, which is partly due to the complexity to precisely control the loading of combinatorial therapeutics to maximize therapeutic efficacy and suboptimal NP properties. Herein, a new redox-responsive polyprodrug nanoplatform was developed for targeted siRNA delivery and synergistic cancer therapy. This NP platform is made with redox-responsive 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT)-based polyprodrug (polyHCPT) as the inner core, amphiphilic lipid-poly (ethylene glycol) (lipid-PEG) as the outer shell, and lactobionic acid (LA) decoration on the surface. After siRNA loading and subsequent systemic administration, the resulting NP platform could accumulate in tumor tissues and target hepatoma cells via specific recognition between LA and asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptors. With the high concentration of glutathione (GSH) in the cytoplasm to break the disulfide bonds in the polyHCPT, intact HCPT molecules and encapsulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) siRNA (siBcl-2) could be rapidly released, leading to the synergistic inhibition of tumor growth via the induction of apoptosis by HCPT and the concurrent silencing of the anti-apoptotic gene by siBcl-2.

Comparison of the effect of two internal fixation methods for proximal clavicle fractures

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of two internal fixation methods in the treatment of proximal clavicle fractures. METHODS Fifty patients with proximal clavicle fractures received surgical treatment. They were divided into a clavicular T-plate group and a double mini-plates group. The duration of the operation, blood loss during the operation, fracture healing time, and incision infection were evaluated between the two groups. RESULTS Operation time (t=2.063, P=0.058), intraoperative bleeding (t=1.979, P=0.062), and fracture healing time (t=1.082, P=0.066) were not statistically significant in the two groups. The patients were followed up for 12-18 months; one patient in the T-plate group had early removal of nails, but no clinical symptoms. At the 2-month follow-up, the ASES score in the double mini-plates group was significantly better than in the T-plate group (P<0.001); but at the 6-month follow-up, 1-week before removal of internal fixation and the final follow-up, the two groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both internal fixations have similar clinical results in the duration of operation, blood loss during the operation, and fracture healing time. The double mini-plates fixation presents advantages by reducing complications and speeding fracture healing; thus it is a more effective method to treat proximal clavicle fractures.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Comparar o efeito de dois métodos de fixação interna no tratamento de fraturas da clavícula proximal. MÉTODOS Cinquenta pacientes com fraturas da clavícula proximal receberam tratamento cirúrgico. Eles foram divididos em um grupo de placa T clavicular e um grupo de miniplacas duplas. A duração da operação, perda de sangue durante a operação, tempo de cura da fratura e infecção na incisão foram avaliados nos dois grupos. RESULTADOS O tempo de operação (t=2,063, P=0,058), perda de sangue durante a operação (t=1,979, P=0,062) e tempo de cura das fraturas (t=1,082, P=0,066) não foram estatisticamente significativos nos dois grupos. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por 12-18 meses; um dos pacientes do grupo da placa T teve retirada antecipada dos parafusos, mas não apresentou sintomas clínicos. Aos dois meses de acompanhamento, a pontuação ASES no grupo de miniplacas duplas foi significativamente melhor do que a do grupo de placas T (P<0,001). Porém, no acompanhamento de seis meses, uma semana antes da remoção da fixação interna e do acompanhamento final, os dois grupos não apresentavem diferenças significativas (P>0,05). CONCLUSÃO Ambas técnicas de fixação interna têm resultados clínicos semelhantes quanto a duração da operação, perda de sangue durante a operação e tempo de cura da fratura. A fixação de miniplacas duplas apresenta vantagens quanto a redução das complicações e cura mais rápida da fratura, sendo, portanto, um método mais eficaz para tratar fraturas da clavícula proximal.