Designing water resistant high entropy oxide materials.

The ubiquitous presence of moisture usually shows adverse effects on industrial catalysis. Herein, a concept of engineering entropy to design water-resistant oxide catalysts is proposed. The C3H6 oxidation by spinel ACr2O4 (A=Ni, Mg, Cu, Zn, Co) catalysts is selected as a model. Through DFT calculation, the adsorption energy of C3H6, the dissociation energy of molecular H2O on the oxide surface, and the formation energy of oxygen vacancy all suggest better performance induced by higher configurational entropy. Indeed, (Ni0.2Mg0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2Co0.2)Cr2O4 experimentally show excellent water resistance (>100 h) in C3H6 oxidation, while in sharp contrast binary oxides (e.g., NiCr2O4, CoCr2O4) are deactivated in 20 h. H2O-TPD, in-situ Raman, and in-situ FTIR all confirm the low H2O adsorption energy and strong hydrothermal stability of high entropy oxide, which is attributed to their lower Gibbs free energy. This work may inspire the rational design of water-resistant catalysts.

Integrated identification and detection of hydration state and its evolution using terahertz technology.

The accurate detection of dehydration processes in hydrated drugs can reveal various intermolecular vibration modes mediated by hydrogen bonds between water molecules and other components, which underpin the further development of pharmaceutical science, food safety and biophysics. Herein, terahertz (THz) technology is utilized to investigate the dehydration state of d(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate (Rf·5H2O), in conjunction with imaging-based point by point scanning data acquisition and barcodes methods, to establish an innovative platform integrated identification, trace detection, and application capabilities. Our study demonstrates that the dehydration process of Rf·5H2O can be dynamically monitored through the evolution of its THz absorption peaks, offering more precise results compared to XRD and Raman spectroscopies. Moreover, the absorbance spectra data collected at each individual pixel is utilized to build visualized THz images, achieving an ultralow minimum content required for detection of 0.032 µg/(50 µm)2. Additionally, we introduce a THz spectra-barcode conversion system that not only ensures efficient electronic recordkeeping but also enhances user readability, thereby facilitating the practical applications of THz technology.

Polyethyleneimine Modified Two-Dimensional GO/MXene Composite Membranes with Enhanced Mg2+/Li+ Separation Performance for Salt Lake Brine.

As global demand for renewable energy and electric vehicles increases, the need for lithium has surged significantly. Extracting lithium from salt lake brine has become a cutting-edge technology in lithium resource production. In this study, two-dimensional (2D) GO/MXene composite membranes were fabricated using pressure-assisted filtration with a polyethyleneimine (PEI) coating, resulting in positively charged PEI-GO/MXene membranes. These innovative membranes, taking advantage of the synergistic effects of interlayer channel sieving and the Donnan effect, demonstrated excellent performance in Mg2+/Li+ separation with a mass ratio of 20 (Mg2+ rejection = 85.3%, Li+ rejection = 16.7%, SLi,Mg = 5.7) in simulated saline lake brine. Testing on actual salt lake brine in Tibet, China, confirmed the composite membrane's potential for effective Mg2+/Li+ separation. In the actual brine test with high concentration, Mg2+/Li+ after membrane separation is 2.2, which indicates that the membrane can significantly reduce the concentration of Mg2+ in the brine. Additionally, the PEI-GO/MXene composite membrane demonstrated strong anti-swelling properties and effective divalent ion rejection. This research presents an innovative approach to advance the development of 2D membranes for the selective removal of Mg2+ and Li+ from salt lake brine.

Associations between co-exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and metabolic diseases: The mediating roles of inflammation and oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose potential risks to human health. In real-world settings, humans are exposed to various PFAS through numerous pathways. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the associations between co-exposure to PFAS and obesity and its comorbidities, along with the mediating roles of inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS: We analyzed 11,090 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2018. Linear regression, logistic regression, and generalized additive models were used to assess the individual effects of PFAS exposure on obesity and its comorbidities. The environmental risk score (ERS) was calculated using the adaptive elastic-net model to assess the co-exposure effects. Linear and logistic regression models explored the associations between ERS and obesity and its comorbidities. Mediation analyses explored the roles of inflammatory (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and alkaline phosphatase) and oxidative stress (gamma-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, and uric acid) markers in the associations between ERS and obesity and its comorbidities. RESULTS: For each unit increase in ERS, the odds of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increased 3.60-fold (95 % CI: 2.03, 6.38) and 1.91-fold (95 % CI: 1.28, 2.86), respectively. For each unit increase in ERS, BMI increased by 2.36 (95 % CI: 1.24, 3.48) kg/m2, waist circumference increased by 6.47 (95 % CI: 3.56, 9.37) cm, and waist-to-height ratio increased by 0.04 (95 % CI: 0.02, 0.06). Lymphocytes, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin were significantly associated with both ERS and obesity, with mediation proportions of 4.17 %, 3.62 %, and 7.37 %, respectively. Lymphocytes, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and uric acid were significantly associated with both ERS and T2DM, with the mediation proportions of 8.90 %, 8.74 %, 29.73 %, and 38.19 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Co-exposure to PFAS was associated with obesity and T2DM, and these associations may be mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. Further mechanistic and prospective studies are required to verify these associations.

CCC pincer Ru complex-catalyzed C-H vinylation/6π-E-cyclization of aldimines for constructing 4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidines.

An unusual cascade C-H activation, vinylation and 6π-electrocyclization of 2-pyridyl aldimines with vinyl bromides/triflates was achieved using catalysis with a unique CCC pincer NHC-Ru(iii) complex (Cat B). This reaction was found to enable a rapid and diverse synthesis of polycyclic 4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives in mostly good to high yields, and with a broad substrate scope. A mechanistic study suggested the formation of a semi-opened Ru(iii) intermediate chelating/activating the aldimine, and the occurrence of single-electron transfer (SET) to generate a vinyl radical, followed by vinylation and then an intramolecular 6π-electrocyclization of 1N,3N-hexatrene to form the product. This protocol provides a convenient approach for preparing and seeking new drug candidates.

General synthesis of high-entropy oxides and carbon-supported high-entropy oxides by mechanochemistry.

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) have been receiving a lot of attention due to their excellent properties. However, current common methods for preparing HEOs usually involve high-temperature processes. The development of green synthesis techniques remains an important issue. Carbon-supported HEOs have shown excellent performance in electrochemical energy storage in recent years. Crucially, the traditional methods cannot synthesize carbon-supported HEOs under N2 or air atmospheres. Toward this end, a universal method for preparing carbon-supported HEOs was proposed. During this process, without high-temperature post-treatment, high-entropy LaMnO3 could be synthesized in 2 hours using the mechanical ball-milling method. Furthermore, this method was universal and has been proved in the synthesis of a series of HEOs such as PrVO3, SmVO3, and MgAl2O4. The LaMnO3 species synthesized by this method exhibit excellent catalytic performance in CO combustion and could maintain a conversion rate of over 97% for 350 hours. Subsequently, carbon-supported HEOs could be obtained with 0.5 hours of additional ball-milling, offering significant advantages over traditional methods. This process provides a potential method to synthesize carbon-supported HEOs.

Association between Bisphenol A and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) among U.S. Older Males: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2012.

BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence indicating that environmental endocrine disruptors may influence the development of prostate cancer. Despite this, the connection between BPA and PSA levels is still not fully understood and appears intricate. In this study, we aimed to assess the link between BPA exposure and PSA levels using data from the NHANES database. METHODS: We conducted a weighted linear regression, logistic regression analysis, natural cubic spline (NCS), subgroup analysis, and interaction analysis on 2768 participants. Urinary BPA was considered the independent variable, while PSA was the dependent variable. RESULTS: In the study, the average age of the participants selected was 62.70 years (±12.93). Age was negatively correlated with BPA, while PSA and BMI were positively correlated with BPA concentration (all of the p-value < 0.05). In the fully adjusted model, the weighted linear and logistic regression results showed that BPA was positively correlated with PSA and prostate cancer. NCS analysis results show that BPA and PSA have a non-linear relationship. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses showed similar results. In addition, there were interactions between BPA and age, PIR, education, HbA1c, high-density lipoprotein, smoking status, and Diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: There was a positive correlation between urinary BPA and PSA in older American males, especially when the BPA concentration was higher than 4.46 ng/mL. In future practical applications of prostate cancer screening, it is crucial to focus on individuals aged 75 years and older, as well as those with a PIR between 0 and 1, non-Hispanic black, and other risk groups to provide reference values for the primary and secondary prevention of prostate cancer.

Anionic Metal-Organic Framework Derived Cu Catalyst for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Hydrocarbons.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-related Cu materials are promising candidates for promoting electrochemical CO2 reduction to produce valuable chemical feedstocks. However, many MOF materials inevitable undergo reconstruction under reduction conditions; therefore, exploiting the restructuring of MOF materials is of importance for the rational design of high-performance catalyst targeting multi-carbon products (C2). Herein, a facile solvent process is choosed to fabricate HKUST-1 with an anionic framework (a-HKUST-1) and utilize it as a pre-catalyst for alkaline CO2RR. The a-HKUST-1 catalyst can be electrochemically reduced into Cu with significant structural reconstruction under operating reaction conditions. The anionic HKUST-1 derived Cu catalyst (aHD-Cu) delivers a FEC2H4 of 56% and FEC2 of ≈80% at -150 mA cm-2 in alkaline electrolyte. The resulting aHD-Cu catalyst has a high electrochemically active surface area and low coordinated sites. In situ Raman spectroscopy indicates that the aHD-Cu surface displays higher coverage of *CO intermediates, which favors the production of hydrocarbons.

Lumbar Epidural versus Caudal Epidural for Postoperative Analgesia After Lower Extremity Osteotomy Surgery in Pediatric Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Analysis in a Single-Center Over 9 Years.

Purpose: Although pediatric epidural analgesia is a well-established technique used perioperatively. It is unclear whether a lumbar or caudal epidural is suitable for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) patients, which may be associated with brittle bones and spine deformity. We conducted a retrospective study to investigate and compare the efficacy of the two continuous epidural techniques in pediatric patients undergoing lower extremity osteotomy surgery using a propensity score-matched analysis (PSMA). Patients and Methods: A total of 274 patients were included. Patients' age, weight, and height were adjusted using PSMA. 90 patients were matched for further analysis, with 45 patients in the lumbar epidural group (Group L) and 45 patients in the caudal epidural group (Group C). Pain scores were categorized into three grades: mild (0-3), moderate (4-6), and severe (7-10), and compared between the two groups. Additionally, operation time, operation site, blood loss, scoliosis, oral analgesic medications, and catheter or nerve-related complications were compared. Results: There were no significant differences in operation time, operation site, scoliosis, and blood loss between the two groups. The percentage of moderate to severe pain during movement was significantly higher in Group L than in Group C, with 37.5% versus 17.5% on the second-day post-operation (P=0.039). However, no statistically significant difference was observed on other days. Additionally, there was no significant difference in oral medication consumption and complications between the two groups. Conclusion: Both lumbar and caudal epidural analgesia can be effectively used postoperatively, and a caudal epidural should be considered where performing a lumbar epidural is challenging in OI pediatric patients.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the body's connective tissues, particularly the bones and ligaments. It is caused by abnormalities in type I collagen, which leads to skeletal fragility known as "brittle bones". This fragility can cause various issues, including an increased risk of fractures from minor trauma, limb deformities, and unusual fractures such as vertebral compressions. OI patients may also experience spinal manifestations such as scoliosis and kyphosis. Lumbar epidural analgesia has been found to be effective in providing pain relief for surgeries that involve the lower extremities. Additionally, caudal epidural analgesia has also demonstrated its effectiveness in providing postoperative analgesia for surgeries that affect the lower limbs. However, there is still debate about the safety of epidural analgesia in patients with skeletal dysplasias, especially those with OI. Despite this uncertainty, our center, which was supported by the Rare Diseases Public Welfare Organization, has successfully used epidural analgesia since 2015 in the southern part of China for OI surgeries. We conducted a retrospective study to share our experiences of nine years of practice and compare lumbar epidural with caudal epidural using a propensity score matching to balance basic demographics. We also compared the presence of scoliosis. Our findings suggest that both lumbar and caudal epidural analgesia can be safely used in OI patients. In cases where lumbar punctures may pose challenges due to potential spine deformities, the caudal route can be an alternative.

Catalytic Hydrolysis-Oxidation of Halogenated Methanes over Phase- and Defect-Engineered CePO4: Halogenated Byproduct-Free and Stable Elimination.

Catalytic elimination of halogenated volatile organic compound (HVOC) emissions was still a huge challenge through conventional catalytic combustion technology, such as the formation of halogenated byproducts and the destruction of the catalyst structure; hence, more efficient catalysts or a new route was eagerly desired. In this work, crystal phase- and defect-engineered CePO4 was rationally designed and presented abundant acid sites, moderate redox ability, and superior thermal/chemical stability; the halogenated byproduct-free and stable elimination of HVOCs was achieved especially in the presence of H2O. Hexagonal and defective CePO4 with more structural H2O and Brønsted/Lewis acid sites was more reactive and durable compared with monoclinic CePO4. Based on the phase and defect engineering of CePO4, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra (DRIFTS), and kinetic isotope effect experiments, a hydrolysis-oxidation pathway characterized by the direct involvement of H2O was proposed. Initiatively, an external electric field (5 mA) significantly accelerated the elimination of HVOCs and even 90% conversion of dichloromethane could be obtained at 170 °C over hexagonal CePO4. The structure-performance-dependent relationships of the engineered CePO4 contributed to the rational design of efficient catalysts for HVOC elimination, and this pioneering work on external electric field-assisted catalytic hydrolysis-oxidation established an innovative HVOC elimination route.

Age, Gender, and BMI Modulate the Hepatotoxic Effects of Brominated Flame Retardant Exposure in US Adolescents and Adults: A Comprehensive Analysis of Liver Injury Biomarkers.

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), commonly found in consumer products, have been identified as potential hazards to liver function. While the individual effects of specific BFRs are somewhat understood, there is limited evidence on how mixtures of these chemicals, especially when influenced by demographic factors, interact to affect liver function. This study utilized data from 10,828 participants aged 12 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2016) to investigate the associations between BFRs (both individually and in combinations) and biomarkers of liver injury. The study focused on how age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) modify modulate these effects. Multivariate linear regression, restricted cubic spline function, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and quantile g-computation (qgcomp) models were used to analyze the linear, non-linear, and joint associations between BFR levels and liver function parameters. We found positive associations between the mixed BFRs index and AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, and TBIL levels and a negative association with ALB levels. PBDE28, PBDE47, and PBB153 consistently contributed to the top weight in both the WQS and qgcomp models. Most critically, the study demonstrated that the relationship between co-exposure to BFRs and liver function parameters was modified by age, gender, and BMI. Therefore, our study highlights the importance of considering demographic diversity in assessing the risk of BFR-induced liver damage and supports the implementation of tailored preventive and intervention strategies.

Lead Bromide Complex in Tri-n-Octylphosphine Oxide Matrix with Bright Photoluminance and Exceptional Thermoplasticity.

Metal halide materials have recently drawn increasing research interest for their excellent opto-electronic properties and structural diversity, but their resulting rigid structures render them brittle and poor formability during manufacturing. Here we demonstrate a thermoplastic luminant hybrid lead halide solid by integrating lead bromide complex into tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) matrix. The construction of the hybrid materials can be achieved by a simple dissolution process, in which TOPO molecules act as the solvents and ligands to yield the monodispersed clusters. The combination of these functional units enables the near-room-temperature melt-processing of the materials into targeted geometry by simple molding or printing techniques, which offer possibilities for fluorescent writing inks with outstanding self-healing capacity to physical damage. The intermarriage between metal halide clusters with functional molecules expands the range of practical applications for hybrid metal halide materials.

Highly Stable and Selective Ni/ZrO2 Nanofiber Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Methanation.

Ni-based oxides are promising catalysts for CO2 methanation. However, Ni-based catalysts also have some unresolved issues and drawbacks in practical applications. The activity and selectivity of Ni-based catalysts in CO2 methanation at low temperatures still need to be improved. Here, Ni/ZrO2 nanofibers with high surface areas (up to 101.2 m2/g) were prepared by electrospinning methods. The Ni/ZrO2-ES (also named as 66Ni/ZrO2) catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance in CO2 methanation (the CO2 conversion = 81% and CH4 selectivity = 99% at 350 °C) and excellent stability for 100 h, which was better than most reported Ni/ZrO2 catalysts. However, the comparison sample Ni/ZrO2-CP prepared by the coprecipitation method had poor catalytic performance (the CO2 conversion = 54% and CH4 selectivity = 90% at 350 °C). Within 100 h, the CO2 conversion decreased to 30% and the CH4 selectivity decreased to 52%. Both EPR and O1S XPS confirmed that Ni/ZrO2 nanofibers can form more reactive oxygen species vacancies, and CO2-TPD confirmed that nanofibers had more CO2 adsorption sites compared with the control sample Ni/ZrO2-CP. In situ DRIFTS analysis showed that bidentate carbonate and monodentate carbonate were key intermediates in CO2 methanation. The catalytic performance of Ni/ZrO2 nanofiber catalysts would be attributed to higher dispersion of Ni species on the surface of nanofibers, high specific surface area (101.2 m2/g), more oxygen vacancies, more CO2 adsorption sites, and the synergistic effect between Ni nanoparticles and ZrO2 nanofibers. This work may inspire the rational design of Ni/ZrO2 nanofiber catalysts with rich oxygen vacancies for low-temperature CO2 methanation.

Elevated Serum Copper, Zinc, Selenium, and Lowered α-Klotho Associations: Findings from NHANES 2011-2016 Dataset.

The α-Klotho is crucial for human health and longevity. However, the relationship between trace elements and α-Klotho levels needs further investigation. We aimed to explore the relationship between serum levels of selenium (Se), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn), and serum α-Klotho levels. We analyzed 2138 samples from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and the weighted linear regression, WQS, and qgcomp models were utilized to evaluate the effects of these elements on serum α-Klotho levels, individually and combined. A negative correlation was observed between serum Cu concentration and serum α-Klotho levels (ß = - 0.128, 95% CI - 0.196, - 0.059), with each increase in Cu concentration grade showing a gradual decrease in serum α-Klotho levels (Ptrend = 0.002). The WQS model exhibited a negative correlation between the combined effect of Se, Cu, and Zn and serum α-Klotho levels (ß = - 0.035, 95%CI - 0.060, - 0.010), consistently in males (ß = - 0.038 (- 0.059, - 0.017)) and in the 40-49 age group (ß = - 0.059, 95% CI - 0.119, - 0.012). The qgcomp model mirrored these findings, showing a negative correlation in the combined effect index of Se, Cu, and Zn with serum α-Klotho levels (ß = - 0.027, 95% CI - 0.047, - 0.006), consistent in females (ß = - 0.032, 95% CI - 0.061, - 0.004) and in individuals with BMI ≥ 25 (ß = - 0.030, 95% CI - 0.054, - 0.006), and in the 40-49 age group (ß = - 0.047, 95% CI - 0.088, - 0.006). Elevated serum Cu levels may be associated with lower serum α-Klotho levels. The combined effect of serum Se, Cu, and Zn shows a negative correlation with serum α-Klotho levels, with Cu contributing the most. Our findings provide significant insights into assessing the role of trace nutrients in maintaining human health.

Sprayable, thermosensitive hydrogels for promoting wound healing based on hollow, porous and pH-sensitive ZnO microspheres.

A solvothermal method and the subsequent heat treatment process were developed to fabricate hollow ZnO particles with hierarchical pores on a large scale. The as-obtained hollow, porous ZnO microspheres with tunable sizes, high specific surface areas, pH sensitivity, antibacterial properties, and high adsorption capacities showed significant advantages for drug delivery. Sprayable hydrogels containing hollow, porous ZnO microspheres and curcumin nanoparticles (CNPs) were prepared to accelerate wound healing. The water-dispersed CNPs promoted both the migration of fibroblasts and angiogenesis and an aqueous solution of Pluronic F127 (a temperature-sensitive phase-change hydrogel material) was shown to be an effective choice for medical dressings. The experimental data suggest that hollow, porous ZnO microspheres can be loaded with additional CNPs to achieve continuous long-term therapeutic effects.

Metal natural product complex Ru-procyanidins with quadruple enzymatic activity combat infections from drug-resistant bacteria.

Bacterial infection hampers wound repair by impeding the healing process. Concurrently, inflammation at the wound site triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and damage to proteins and cells. This can lead to chronic wounds, posing severe risks. Therefore, eliminating bacterial infection and reducing ROS levels are crucial for effective wound healing. Nanozymes, possessing enzyme-like catalytic activity, can convert endogenous substances into highly toxic substances, such as ROS, to combat bacteria and biofilms without inducing drug resistance. However, the current nanozyme model with single enzyme activity falls short of meeting the complex requirements of antimicrobial therapy. Thus, developing nanozymes with multiple enzymatic activities is essential. Herein, we engineered a novel metalloenzyme called Ru-procyanidin nanoparticles (Ru-PC NPs) with diverse enzymatic activities to aid wound healing and combat bacterial infections. Under acidic conditions, due to their glutathione (GSH) depletion and peroxidase (POD)-like activity, Ru-PC NPs combined with H2O2 exhibit excellent antibacterial effects. However, in a neutral environment, the Ru-PC NPs, with catalase (CAT) activity, decompose H2O2 to O2, alleviating hypoxia and ensuring a sufficient oxygen supply. Furthermore, Ru-PC NPs possess exceptional antioxidant capacity through their superior superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, effectively scavenging excess ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in a neutral environment. This maintains the balance of the antioxidant system and prevents inflammation. Ru-PC NPs also promote the polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2, facilitating wound healing. More importantly, Ru-PC NPs show good biosafety with negligible toxicity. In vivo wound infection models have confirmed the efficacy of Ru-PC NPs in inhibiting bacterial infection and promoting wound healing. The focus of this work highlights the quadruple enzymatic activity of Ru-PC NPs and its potential to reduce inflammation and promote bacteria-infected wound healing.

Erratum: Author correction to 'Co-delivery of nigericin and decitabine using hexahistidine-metal nanocarriers for pyroptosis-induced immunotherapeutics' [Acta Pharm Sin B 12 (2022) 4458-4471].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.002.].

Study of Anisotropic Behavior in Sheet Metal Forming.

Since sheet metal exhibits significant anisotropy in processing and forming, which has a significant impact on its performance during processing, forming, and use, we explore the anisotropic behavior of materials in the forming process of sheet metal. The ability of the Yld2000-2d criterion to describe anisotropic behavior is analyzed, and its accuracy for characterization of the anisotropic behavior of metal plates is improved, based on which anisotropic behavior is predicted in three-dimensional space. Theoretical and experimental results on the anisotropy of sheet metal are compared, and two materials, 5754O aluminum alloy and DP980 steel plate, are tested and analyzed, and the anisotropic behaviors, such as three-point bending and cylindrical deep-drawing, are well predicted.

Fluoride Induces Neurocytotoxicity by Disrupting Lysosomal Iron Metabolism and Membrane Permeability.

The detrimental effects of fluoride on neurotoxicity have been widely recorded, yet the detailed mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. This study explores lysosomal iron metabolism in fluoride-related neurotoxicity, with a focus on the Steap3/TRPML1 axis. Utilizing sodium fluoride (NaF)-treated human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and mouse hippocampal neuron (HT22) cell lines, our research demonstrates that NaF enhances the accumulation of ferrous ions (Fe2+) in these cells, disrupting lysosomal iron metabolism through the Steap3/TRPML1 axis. Notably, NaF exposure upregulated ACSL4 and downregulated GPX4, accompanied by reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. These changes indicate increased vulnerability to ferroptosis within neuronal cells. The iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) mitigates this disruption. DFO binds to lysosomal Fe2+ and inhibits the Steap3/TRPML1 axis, restoring normal lysosomal iron metabolism, preventing lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), and reducing neuronal cell ferroptosis. Our findings suggest that interference in lysosomal iron metabolism may mitigate fluoride-induced neurotoxicity, underscoring the critical role of the Steap3/TRPML1 axis in this pathological process.