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1.
J Vasc Bras ; 20: e20200157, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34249116

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of the etiologic agent of endoprosthesis infections is essential to enable treatment, since these infections constitute important complications of endovascular procedures. Sonication of explanted tissue and materials is a technique that can be used to facilitate detection of biofilm-producing bacteria. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate infection of pigs' aortas after implantation of nitinol stents coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) or Dacron, previously infected with biofilm-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis. Intimal thickening and the inflammatory response in the aortic wall were also evaluated. METHODS: 11 ePTFE-coated nitinol stents and 10 Dacron stents infected with S. epidermidis strains were implanted in the infrarenal aorta of 21 8-week-old pigs. After 2 weeks, the aorta containing the stents was removed. A vortex mixer and ultrasound were used to homogenize the samples and remove the biofilm. Subsequently, the number of colony-forming units was counted. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the number of colony-forming units or of inflammation in the arterial wall. With the exception of one specimen from the Dacron group, all aortic stent cultures were positive for S. epidermidis. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in the inflammatory response or infection rate between ePTFE and Dacron-coated stents actively infected with biofilm-producing S. epidermidis. Intimal thickening and the inflammatory response to infection of endoprostheses were similar. These results suggest that the two most widely used stent lining materials have a similar infection rate.


CONTEXTO: O diagnóstico do agente etiológico é essencial para o tratamento das infecções de endoprótese, pois representam uma importante complicação do tratamento endovascular. A sonificação dos tecidos pode ser uma técnica usada para auxiliar na detecção de bactérias produtoras de biofilme. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a infecção da aorta dos porcos após o implante de stents de nitinol revestidos com politetrafluoretileno (ePTFE) ou Dacron, infectados com Staphylococcus epidermidis, produtor de biofilme. O espessamento intimal e a resposta inflamatória na parede aórtica também foram avaliados. MÉTODOS: Onze stents de nitinol revestidos com ePTFE e 10 stents de Dacron infectados com cepas de S. epidermidis foram implantados na aorta infrarrenal de 21 porcos com 8 semanas de idade. Após duas semanas, a aorta contendo os stents foi removida. Um misturador de vórtice e ultrassom foram utilizados para homogeneizar as amostras e remover o biofilme. Posteriormente, o número de unidades formadoras de colônias foi contado. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças significativas no número de unidades formadoras de colônias ou inflamação na parede arterial entre os dois grupos. Todas as culturas de stent aórtico foram positivas para S. epidermidis, exceto uma no grupo Dacron. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve diferenças significativas na resposta inflamatória ou na taxa de infecção entre os stents revestidos de ePTFE e Dacron, infectados ativamente pelo S. epidermidis produtor de biofilme. O espessamento intimal e a resposta inflamatória à infecção das endopróteses foram semelhantes. Esses resultados sugerem que os dois materiais de revestimento de stent mais amplamente utilizados têm uma taxa de infecção semelhante.

2.
J. Vasc. Bras. (Online) ; J. vasc. bras;20: e20200157, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279377

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Diagnosis of the etiologic agent of endoprosthesis infections is essential to enable treatment, since these infections constitute important complications of endovascular procedures. Sonication of explanted tissue and materials is a technique that can be used to facilitate detection of biofilm-producing bacteria. Objectives To evaluate infection of pigs' aortas after implantation of nitinol stents coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) or Dacron, previously infected with biofilm-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis. Intimal thickening and the inflammatory response in the aortic wall were also evaluated. Methods 11 ePTFE-coated nitinol stents and 10 Dacron stents infected with S. epidermidis strains were implanted in the infrarenal aorta of 21 8-week-old pigs. After 2 weeks, the aorta containing the stents was removed. A vortex mixer and ultrasound were used to homogenize the samples and remove the biofilm. Subsequently, the number of colony-forming units was counted. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the number of colony-forming units or of inflammation in the arterial wall. With the exception of one specimen from the Dacron group, all aortic stent cultures were positive for S. epidermidis. Conclusions There were no significant differences in the inflammatory response or infection rate between ePTFE and Dacron-coated stents actively infected with biofilm-producing S. epidermidis. Intimal thickening and the inflammatory response to infection of endoprostheses were similar. These results suggest that the two most widely used stent lining materials have a similar infection rate.


Resumo Contexto O diagnóstico do agente etiológico é essencial para o tratamento das infecções de endoprótese, pois representam uma importante complicação do tratamento endovascular. A sonificação dos tecidos pode ser uma técnica usada para auxiliar na detecção de bactérias produtoras de biofilme. Objetivos Avaliar a infecção da aorta dos porcos após o implante de stents de nitinol revestidos com politetrafluoretileno (ePTFE) ou Dacron, infectados com Staphylococcus epidermidis, produtor de biofilme. O espessamento intimal e a resposta inflamatória na parede aórtica também foram avaliados. Métodos Onze stents de nitinol revestidos com ePTFE e 10 stents de Dacron infectados com cepas de S. epidermidis foram implantados na aorta infrarrenal de 21 porcos com 8 semanas de idade. Após duas semanas, a aorta contendo os stents foi removida. Um misturador de vórtice e ultrassom foram utilizados para homogeneizar as amostras e remover o biofilme. Posteriormente, o número de unidades formadoras de colônias foi contado. Resultados Não houve diferenças significativas no número de unidades formadoras de colônias ou inflamação na parede arterial entre os dois grupos. Todas as culturas de stent aórtico foram positivas para S. epidermidis, exceto uma no grupo Dacron. Conclusões Não houve diferenças significativas na resposta inflamatória ou na taxa de infecção entre os stents revestidos de ePTFE e Dacron, infectados ativamente pelo S. epidermidis produtor de biofilme. O espessamento intimal e a resposta inflamatória à infecção das endopróteses foram semelhantes. Esses resultados sugerem que os dois materiais de revestimento de stent mais amplamente utilizados têm uma taxa de infecção semelhante.


Subject(s)
Animals , Sonication , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Stents , Aorta , Polytetrafluoroethylene , Staphylococcal Infections , Swine , Endovascular Procedures
5.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 63(8): 704-710, 2017 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28977109

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between serum total testosterone (TT) and prostate cancer (PCa) grade and the effect of race and demographic characteristics on such association. METHOD: We analyzed 695 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), of whom 423 had serum TT collected. Patients were classified as having hypogonadism or eugonadism based on two thresholds of testosterone: threshold 1 (300 ng/dL) and threshold 2 (250 ng/dL). We evaluated the relation between TT levels and a Gleason score (GS) ≥ 7 in RP specimens. Outcomes were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses, accounting for race and other demographic predictors. RESULTS: Out of 423 patients, 37.8% had hypogonadism based on the threshold 1 and 23.9% based on the threshold 2. Patients with hypogonadism, in both thresholds, had a higher chance of GS ≥ 7 (OR 1.79, p=0.02 and OR 2.08, p=0.012, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, TT, body mass index (BMI) and race, low TT (p=0.023) and age (p=0.002) were found to be independent risk factors for GS ≥ 7. Among Black individuals, low serum TT was a stronger predictor of high-grade disease compared to White men (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Hypogonadism is independently associated to higher GS in localized PCa. The effect of this association is significantly more pronounced among Black men and could partly explain aggressive characteristics of PCa found in this race.


Subject(s)
Hypogonadism/blood , Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood , Prostatic Neoplasms/blood , Testosterone/blood , Testosterone/deficiency , Humans , Hypogonadism/complications , Hypogonadism/ethnology , Male , Neoplasm Grading , Prognosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/complications , Prostatic Neoplasms/ethnology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
6.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.);63(8): 704-710, Aug. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896386

ABSTRACT

Summary Objective: To evaluate the relation between serum total testosterone (TT) and prostate cancer (PCa) grade and the effect of race and demographic characteristics on such association. Method: We analyzed 695 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), of whom 423 had serum TT collected. Patients were classified as having hypogonadism or eugonadism based on two thresholds of testosterone: threshold 1 (300 ng/dL) and threshold 2 (250 ng/dL). We evaluated the relation between TT levels and a Gleason score (GS) ≥ 7 in RP specimens. Outcomes were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses, accounting for race and other demographic predictors. Results: Out of 423 patients, 37.8% had hypogonadism based on the threshold 1 and 23.9% based on the threshold 2. Patients with hypogonadism, in both thresholds, had a higher chance of GS ≥ 7 (OR 1.79, p=0.02 and OR 2.08, p=0.012, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, TT, body mass index (BMI) and race, low TT (p=0.023) and age (p=0.002) were found to be independent risk factors for GS ≥ 7. Among Black individuals, low serum TT was a stronger predictor of high-grade disease compared to White men (p=0.02). Conclusion: Hypogonadism is independently associated to higher GS in localized PCa. The effect of this association is significantly more pronounced among Black men and could partly explain aggressive characteristics of PCa found in this race.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre testosterona sérica total (TT) e grau do câncer de próstata (CP) e o efeito da raça e de características demográficas sobre essa associação. Método: Foram analisados 695 pacientes submetidos a prostatectomia radical (PR), dos quais 423 tinham medidas dos níveis séricos de TT. Os pacientes foram classificados como portadores de hipogonadismo ou eugonadismo com base em dois limites de testosterona: limite 1 (300 ng/dL) e limite 2 (250 ng/dL). Avaliou-se a relação entre nível de TT e escore Gleason (GS) ≥ 7 em amostras de PR. Os resultados foram avaliados por análises univariada e multivariada, com ajuste para raça e outros fatores prognósticos demográficos. Resultados: Do total de 423 pacientes, 37,8% apresentavam hipogonadismo com base no limite 1, e 23,9% com base no limite 2. Os pacientes com hipogonadismo, independentemente do limite de referência, tiveram uma chance maior de GS ≥ 7 (OR 1,79, p=0,02 e OR 2,08, p=0,012, respectivamente). Na análise multivariada, após ajuste para idade, TT, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e raça, baixo TT (p=0,023) e idade (p=0,002) foram considerados fatores de risco independentes para GS ≥ 7. Entre os indivíduos negros, baixo TT sérico foi mais preditivo de doença de alto grau em comparação com os brancos (p=0,02). Conclusão: O hipogonadismo é independentemente associado a escores mais altos de GS no CP localizado. O efeito dessa associação é significativamente mais pronunciado entre homens negros, o que poderia explicar, em parte, as características agressivas do CP observadas nessa população.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms/blood , Testosterone/deficiency , Testosterone/blood , Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood , Hypogonadism/blood , Prognosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/complications , Prostatic Neoplasms/ethnology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Neoplasm Grading , Hypogonadism/complications , Hypogonadism/ethnology
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