ABSTRACT
Bacteria have evolved structured RNAs that can associate with RNA polymerase (RNAP). Two of them have been known so far-6S RNA and Ms1 RNA but it is unclear if any other types of RNAs binding to RNAP exist in bacteria. To identify all RNAs interacting with RNAP and the primary σ factors, we have established and performed native RIP-seq in Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Streptomyces coelicolor, Mycobacterium smegmatis and the pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Besides known 6S RNAs in B. subtilis and Ms1 in M. smegmatis, we detected MTS2823, a homologue of Ms1, on RNAP in M. tuberculosis. In C. glutamicum, we discovered novel types of structured RNAs that associate with RNAP. Furthermore, we identified other species-specific RNAs including full-length mRNAs, revealing a previously unknown landscape of RNAs interacting with the bacterial transcription machinery.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins , DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases , RNA, Bacterial , Sigma Factor , Bacillus subtilis/genetics , Bacillus subtilis/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Corynebacterium glutamicum/genetics , Corynebacterium glutamicum/metabolism , DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism , DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Mycobacterium smegmatis/genetics , Mycobacterium smegmatis/metabolism , Mycobacterium smegmatis/enzymology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolism , Nucleic Acid Conformation , RNA, Bacterial/metabolism , RNA, Bacterial/genetics , RNA, Untranslated , Sigma Factor/metabolism , Sigma Factor/genetics , Streptomyces coelicolor/genetics , Streptomyces coelicolor/metabolism , Transcription, GeneticABSTRACT
Herein, we present our findings of an early appearance of the Monkeypox virus in Prague, Czech Republic. A retrospective analysis of biological samples, carried out on the 28th of April, revealed a previously unrecognized case of Monkeypox virus (MPxV) infection. Subsequent data analysis confirmed that the virus strain belongs to the ongoing outbreak. Combined with clinical and epidemiological investigations, we extended the roots of the current outbreak at least back to 16th of April, 2022.
Subject(s)
Mpox (monkeypox) , Czech Republic/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Humans , Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology , Monkeypox virus , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
[Purpose] Low back pain is a pervasive problem in modern societies. Physical rehabilitation in treatment of low back pain should reduce pain, muscle tension and restore spine stability and balance. The INFINITY® rehabilitation method that is based on a figure of eight movement pattern was proved to be effective in low back pain treatment. The aim of the paper is to estimate the effect of a figure of eight motion on the L5/S1 load and lumbar spine muscle activation in comparison to other motion patterns. [Subjects and Methods] Three-dimensional model of lumbar spine musculoskeletal system is used to simulate effect of various load motion pattern induced by displacement of the center of gravity of the upper body. Four motion patterns were examined: lateral and oblique pendulum-like motion, elliptical motion and figure of eight motion. [Results] The simple pendulum-like and elliptical-like patterns induce harmonic muscle activation and harmonic spinal load. The figure of eight motion pattern creates high-frequency spinal loading that activates remodeling of bones and tendons. The figure of eight pattern also requires muscle activity that differs from harmonic frequency and is more demanding on muscle control and could also improve muscle coordination. [Conclusion] The results of the study indicate that complex motion pattern during INFINITY® rehabilitation might enhance the spine stability by influencing its passive, active and neural components.