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RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o IMPACTO-MR, um estudo brasileiro de plataforma nacional em unidades de terapia intensiva focado no impacto das infecções por bactérias multirresistentes relacionadas à assistência à saúde. Métodos: Descrevemos a plataforma IMPACTO-MR, seu desenvolvimento, critérios para seleção das unidades de terapia intensiva, caracterização da coleta de dados, objetivos e projetos de pesquisa futuros a serem realizados na plataforma. Resultados: Os dados principais foram coletados por meio do Epimed Monitor System® e consistiram em dados demográficos, dados de comorbidades, estado funcional, escores clínicos, diagnóstico de internação e diagnósticos secundários, dados laboratoriais, clínicos e microbiológicos e suporte de órgãos durante a internação na unidade de terapia intensiva, entre outros. De outubro de 2019 a dezembro de 2020, 33.983 pacientes de 51 unidades de terapia intensiva foram incluídos no banco de dados principal. Conclusão: A plataforma IMPACTO-MR é um banco de dados clínico brasileiro de unidades de terapia intensiva focado na pesquisa do impacto das infecções por bactérias multirresistentes relacionadas à assistência à saúde. Essa plataforma fornece dados para o desenvolvimento e pesquisa de unidades de terapia intensiva individuais e ensaios clínicos observacionais e prospectivos multicêntricos.
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the IMPACTO-MR, a Brazilian nationwide intensive care unit platform study focused on the impact of health care-associated infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Methods: We described the IMPACTO-MR platform, its development, criteria for intensive care unit selection, characterization of core data collection, objectives, and future research projects to be held within the platform. Results: The core data were collected using the Epimed Monitor System® and consisted of demographic data, comorbidity data, functional status, clinical scores, admission diagnosis and secondary diagnoses, laboratory, clinical, and microbiological data, and organ support during intensive care unit stay, among others. From October 2019 to December 2020, 33,983 patients from 51 intensive care units were included in the core database. Conclusion: The IMPACTO-MR platform is a nationwide Brazilian intensive care unit clinical database focused on researching the impact of health care-associated infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. This platform provides data for individual intensive care unit development and research and multicenter observational and prospective trials.
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A ventilação mecânica tem representado um grande avanço no suporte respiratório dos pacientes em anestesia ou em tratamento intensivo. O suporte ventilatório aumenta a chance de sobrevida nos pacientes com insuficiência respiratória e/ou grandes procedimentos cirúrgicos. O trabalho consiste em um resumo dos avanços no suporte ventilatório, na descrição dos mecanismos fisiológicos e, principalmente, no funcionamento dos principais modos ventilatórios. Os limites de pressão, volume, PEEP e os conceitos de ventilação segura, estresse e cisalhamento são importantes para o tratamento adequado. Novos modos ventilatórios, apesar de não estarem ainda disponíveis em grande parte das unidades de saúde, também são descritos devido à sua grande importância para a melhor sincronia e menor número de complicações com o uso da ventilação mecânica.
The Ventilator has represented an advance in the respiratory support for patients on anesthesia and intensive care. The ventilatory support increases the chance of survival in patients with respiratory failure, and / or major surgical procedures. This paper consists of a summary of advances in the ventilatory support, in describing the physiological mechanisms and especially the functioning of the main ventilation modalities. The limits of pressure, volume, PEEP, and the concepts of safe ventilation, Stress, Strain, are important for proper treatment. New ventilation modalities, despite not yet available in most health care units, are also described because of its great importance for better sync and fewer complications with the use of mechanical ventilation.
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OBJETIVO: As infecções nas unidades de terapia intensiva estão associadas a elevada morbidade e mortalidade, além de alto custo. A análise desses aspectos pode contribuir para a otimização de recursos financeiros relacionados. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, realizado por meio de análise de banco de dados de gestão hospitalar e qualidade em medicina intensiva (Sistema de Gestão Hospitalar - SGH) e RM Janus®. A análise dos gastos foi realizada por meio de avaliação dos medicamentos e materiais utilizados na assistência médica direta. Os valores obtidos foram em moeda nacional (Real). Foi realizada análise de gastos e permanência para toda amostra estudada. Utilizou-se a mediana para determinação dos gastos envolvidos. Os gastos foram ajustados pela permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva. RESULTADOS: A análise de 974 indivíduos mostrou que 51% eram do gênero masculino, e a idade média foi de 57±18,24 anos. A infecção nosocomial relacionada à unidade de terapia intensiva foi encontrada em 87 pacientes (8,9%). A mediana dos gastos por internação e permanência de toda amostra foi de R$ 1.257,53 e 3 dias, respectivamente. A comparação entre pacientes com infecção e sem infecção, por meio de medianas, mostrou maior permanência (15 [11-25] versus 3 [2-6] dias; p< 0,01), maior gasto por paciente em unidade de terapia intensiva (mediana R$9.763,78 [5.445,64-18.007,9] versus R$1.093,94 [416,14-2.755,90]; p<0,01) e maior gasto por dia de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva (R$618,00[407,81-838,69] versus R$359,00[174,59-719,12]; p<0,01). CONCLUSÃO: As infecções nosocomiais relacionadas à unidade de terapia intensiva foram determinantes de maior gasto e permanência, embora o modelo do estudo não permita a avaliação aspectos de causa efeito.
OBJECTIVE: Infections in intensive care units are often associated with a high morbidity and mortality in addition to high costs. An analysis of these aspects can assist in optimizing the allocation of relevant financial resources. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed the hospital administration and quality in intensive care medical databases [Sistema de Gestão Hospitalar (SGH)] and RM Janus®. A cost analysis was performed by evaluating the medical products and materials used in direct medical care. The costs are reported in the Brazilian national currency (Real). The cost and length of stay analyses were performed for all the costs studied. The median was used to determine the costs involved. Costs were also adjusted by the patients' length of stay in the intensive care unit. RESULTS: In total, 974 individuals were analyzed, of which 51% were male, and the mean age was 57±18.24 years. There were 87 patients (8.9%) identified who had nosocomial infections associated with the intensive care unit. The median cost per admission and the length of stay for all the patients sampled were R$1.257,53 and 3 days, respectively. Compared to the patients without an infection, the patients with an infection had longer hospital stays (15 [11-25] versus 3 [2-6] days, p<0.01), increased costs per patient in the intensive care unit (median R$9.763,78 [5445.64 - 18,007.90] versus R$1.093,94 [416.14 - 2755.90], p<0.01) and increased costs per day of hospitalization in the intensive care unit (R$618,00 [407.81 - 838.69] versus R$359,00 [174.59 - 719.12], p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Nosocomial infections associated with the intensive care unit were determinants of increased costs and longer hospital stays. However, the study design did not allow us to evaluate specific aspects of cause and effect.
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OBJECTIVE: Infections in intensive care units are often associated with a high morbidity and mortality in addition to high costs. An analysis of these aspects can assist in optimizing the allocation of relevant financial resources. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed the hospital administration and quality in intensive care medical databases [Sistema de Gestão Hospitalar (SGH)] and RM Janus®. A cost analysis was performed by evaluating the medical products and materials used in direct medical care. The costs are reported in the Brazilian national currency (Real). The cost and length of stay analyses were performed for all the costs studied. The median was used to determine the costs involved. Costs were also adjusted by the patients' length of stay in the intensive care unit. RESULTS: In total, 974 individuals were analyzed, of which 51% were male, and the mean age was 57±18.24 years. There were 87 patients (8.9%) identified who had nosocomial infections associated with the intensive care unit. The median cost per admission and the length of stay for all the patients sampled were R$1.257,53 and 3 days, respectively. Compared to the patients without an infection, the patients with an infection had longer hospital stays (15 [11-25] versus 3 [2-6] days, p<0.01), increased costs per patient in the intensive care unit (median R$9.763,78 [5445.64 - 18,007.90] versus R$1.093,94 [416.14 - 2755.90], p<0.01) and increased costs per day of hospitalization in the intensive care unit (R$618,00 [407.81 - 838.69] versus R$359,00 [174.59 - 719.12], p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Nosocomial infections associated with the intensive care unit were determinants of increased costs and longer hospital stays. However, the study design did not allow us to evaluate specific aspects of cause and effect.
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OBJETIVOS: A traqueostomia é frequentemente realizada com a finalidade de favorecer o desmame da ventilação mecânica. No entanto, não se conhece o real impacto da traqueostomia nos diversos grupos de pacientes em nosso meio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características epidemiológicas dos pacientes submetidos à traqueostomia na unidade de terapia intensiva da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte e traçar paralelos com outros estudos semelhantes. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, através de revisão de prontuários e banco de dados do sistema "QuaTI" (Qualidade em Terapia Intensiva) de 87 pacientes traqueostomizados no ano de 2007. RESULTADOS: A análise dos 87 pacientes estudados mostrou média de idade de 58 ± 17 anos, média do APACHE II de 18 ± 6, tempo médio de intubação orotraqueal de 11,17 ± 4,78 dias, mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva de 40,2 por cento e mortalidade hospitalar geral de 62,1 por cento. A média de idade dos pacientes que faleceram na unidade de terapia intensiva (65 ± 17 anos) foi maior que a daqueles que receberam alta (53 ± 16 anos)p = 0,003. A média de idade dos indivíduos que faleceram no hospital (62 ± 17anos) foi maior que a dos sobreviventes (52 ± 16 anos) p = 0,008. A senilidade (idade maior ou igual a 65 anos) constituiu fator relacionado a mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva (OR 2,874, IC 1,165 a 7,088 p = 0,020) e à mortalidade hospitalar geral (OR 3,202, IC 1,188 a 8,628 p = 0,019). Não foram observadas outras variáveis associados a mortalidade. CONCLUSÕES: O perfil epidemiológico de pacientes traqueostomizados na unidade de terapia intensiva deste estudo revelou elevada taxa de mortalidade ao se comparar com estudos internacionais. A senilidade esteve relacionada a pior desfecho nestes pacientes. Não foram identificados outros aspectos relacionados a mortalidade no grupo estudado.
OBJECTIVES: Tracheostomy is a common procedure in intensive care unit to promote mechanical ventilation weaning. Despite tracheostomy is increasingly used there is no agreement of actual clinical practice of tracheostomy in different groups of patients in our environment. Objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile and outcomes of patients with tracheostomy at a clinical-surgical intensive care unit and compare this profile with the current literature. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study through review of medical records and quality control database of "QuaTI" (Qualidade em Terapia Intensiva) of 87 patients with tracheostomy at Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte intensive care unit in 2007. We studied variables related to evolution aspects. RESULTS: The clinical and epidemiological analysis of the 87 patients showed: mean age 58 ± 17 years, mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation - APACHE II 18 ± 6, mean time of orotracheal intubation before tracheostomy of 11.17 ± 4.78 days. Intensive care unit mortality was 40.2 percent (35/87 patients), ward mortality was 36.5 percent (19/52) and overall hospital mortality 62.1 percent (54/87). Mean age of patients who died at intensive care unit (65 + 17 years) was greater than who were discharged to ward (53 ± 16 years) p = 0.003. Mean age of who died in hospital (intensive care unit and ward) (62 ± 17 years) was also higher than survivors (52 ± 16 years) p = 0.008. Old age (> 65 years) was related to intensive care unit mortality (OR 2.874, CI 1.165 a 7.088 p = 0.020) and also related to the overall hospital mortality (OR 3.202, CI 1.188 a 8.628 p = 0.019). There were not others variables related to mortality in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological profile of patients who underwent tracheotomy in the intensive care unit showed high mortality rate when compared to international series. Senility was related to worse...
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Tracheostomy is a common procedure in intensive care unit to promote mechanical ventilation weaning. Despite tracheostomy is increasingly used there is no agreement of actual clinical practice of tracheostomy in different groups of patients in our environment. Objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile and outcomes of patients with tracheostomy at a clinical-surgical intensive care unit and compare this profile with the current literature. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study through review of medical records and quality control database of "QuaTI" (Qualidade em Terapia Intensiva) of 87 patients with tracheostomy at Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte intensive care unit in 2007. We studied variables related to evolution aspects. RESULTS: The clinical and epidemiological analysis of the 87 patients showed: mean age 58 ± 17 years, mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation - APACHE II 18 ± 6, mean time of orotracheal intubation before tracheostomy of 11.17 ± 4.78 days. Intensive care unit mortality was 40.2% (35/87 patients), ward mortality was 36.5% (19/52) and overall hospital mortality 62.1% (54/87). Mean age of patients who died at intensive care unit (65 + 17 years) was greater than who were discharged to ward (53 ± 16 years) p = 0.003. Mean age of who died in hospital (intensive care unit and ward) (62 ± 17 years) was also higher than survivors (52 ± 16 years) p = 0.008. Old age (> 65 years) was related to intensive care unit mortality (OR 2.874, CI 1.165 a 7.088 p = 0.020) and also related to the overall hospital mortality (OR 3.202, CI 1.188 a 8.628 p = 0.019). There were not others variables related to mortality in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological profile of patients who underwent tracheotomy in the intensive care unit showed high mortality rate when compared to international series. Senility was related to worse outcome in these patients. Other issues were not related mortality in this group.
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Indivíduos infectados com Schistosoma mansoni na fase crônica da doença podem apresentar comprometimento pulmonar com sintomatologia e alterações radiológicas variáveis. Os pulmões podem ser acometidos pela migração anômala de ovos do sistema porta para o sistema arterial pulmonar (através de anastomoses porto-sistêmicas) e menos comumente por migrações ectópicas de vermes adultos. Há casos com extenso comprometimento parenquimatoso e outros com predomínio de arterites, com hipertensão pulmonar e cor pulmonale. Paciente jovem, residente em área endêmica de esquistossomose, com massa pulmonar sugestiva de neoplasia foi submetida a toracotomia exploradora sem possibilidade de ressecção da massa. Exame histopatológico mostrou vários granulomas esquistossomóticos e hiperplasia do tecido conjuntivo, sem sinais de neoplasia. Evoluiu com insuficiência respiratória e instabilidade hemodinâmica no pós-operatório imediato. Recebeu tratamento específico (praziquantel) associado a prednisona. A paciente cursou com infecção pulmonar e choque séptico. Recebeu antibioticoterapia, aminas vasoativas, suporte ventilatório e tratamento hemodiálitico sem melhora. Evoluiu para óbito 28 dias após cirurgia.
Patients with chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection may feature a range of pulmonary symptoms and radiological findings. Eggs, and rarely adult worms, may passively enter the pulmonary circulation, usually via the portal system, where they may cause pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, hypertension and cor pulmonale. A 25-year-old patient who lived in a schistosomiasis endemic area with a pulmonary mass suggestive of malignancy underwent exploratory thoracotomy. The mass was adherent, with no resection possibility. The lung-biopsy specimen evaluation showed several granulomas with Schistosoma mansoni eggs and hyperplasic connective tissue with no sign of malignancy. The patient had respiratory failure and hypotension immediately post-surgery. Specific treatment (praziquantel) and prednisone were given. The patient had pneumonia and septic shock. The patient was given antibiotics, vasopressors, mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis with no improvement, and subsequently died 28 days after the surgery.
ABSTRACT
Patients with chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection may feature a range of pulmonary symptoms and radiological findings. Eggs, and rarely adult worms, may passively enter the pulmonary circulation, usually via the portal system, where they may cause pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis, hypertension and cor pulmonale. A 25-year-old patient who lived in a schistosomiasis endemic area with a pulmonary mass suggestive of malignancy underwent exploratory thoracotomy. The mass was adherent, with no resection possibility. The lung-biopsy specimen evaluation showed several granulomas with Schistosoma mansoni eggs and hyperplasic connective tissue with no sign of malignancy. The patient had respiratory failure and hypotension immediately post-surgery. Specific treatment (praziquantel) and prednisone were given. The patient had pneumonia and septic shock. The patient was given antibiotics, vasopressors, mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis with no improvement, and subsequently died 28 days after the surgery.