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1.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 8(1): 125-142, jun. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-102120

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: a) valorar el impacto psicosocial de la realización del test genético. b) Comprobar el efecto de las variables: sexo, diagnóstico oncológico, estar recibiendo tratamiento, ser el primer probando, el tipo de síndrome hereditario: cáncer de mama/ovario (SHCMO) o cáncer de colon (SHCC), resultado del test genético; y tiempo desde la comunicación de resultados. c) Estudiar las propiedades psicométricas y replicar la estructura factorial de la versión castellana del MICRA Método: se evaluó a 122 sujetos que habían realizado test genético en un intervalo de 1 mes a 5 años, mediante el cuestionario de evaluación multidimensional del impacto de riesgo de cáncer (MICRA). Datos de la muestra: 95 mujeres y 27 hombres; media de edad: 50,48 años; con nivel educativo alto; 93 (72,2%) fueron diagnosticados de cáncer; 45 (36,9%) recibían tratamiento oncológico; 89 (73%) consultaban por SHCMO y 33 (27%) por SHCC; 50 (41%) eran negativos para la mutación, 37 (30,3%) positivos y 35 (28,7%) no informativos. La media del tiempo que ha transcurrido desde la comunicación de los resultados: 401 días. Se calculó la consistencia interna del MICRA, se llevó a cabo un análisis de la validez convergente y discriminante de los ítems de la escala y un análisis factorial confirmatorio.Resultados. El test genético no producía un impacto psicológico adverso. Las variables sexo, diagnóstico de cáncer, tratamientos antitumorales, ser el primer probando, el tipo de síndrome (SHCMO o SHCC) o el tiempo desde los resultados, no influenciaban el impacto del test genético. El tipo de resultado (positivo, negativo y no informativo) fue significativo en la prueba de ANOVA, el test de Tukey mostró diferencias en la subescala de malestar entre los positivos vs. negativos (p=0,00), con una d de Cohen=1,16), y los positivos vs. No-informativos (p=0,00), d de Cohen=0,84; en lasubescala experiencias positivas las diferencias se deban entre los positivos y los negativos (p=0,01), d de Cohen= 0,68, y los positivos vs. no informativos (p=0,02), d de Cohen=0,67; en el total se encuentran la diferencias significativas entre los positivos vs. negativos (p=0,000), d de Cohen= 0,96, y entre los positivos vs. no informativos (p=0,00), d de Cohen= 1,00. El MICRA mostró una consistencia interna satisfactoria. El análisis de la validez convergente y discriminante del test fue adecuada para las subescalas de malestar y experiencias positivas, pero no para la de incertidumbre. El análisis factorial permite confirmar las subescalas de malestar y experiencias positivas pero no la de incertidumbre. Conclusiones. La realización del test genético no produce efectos adversos. Las personas positivas para la mutación muestran mayor impacto negativo que los negativos y no informativos, que no diferencian entre sí. El MICRA posee adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, pero la versión española necesita mejorías notables (AU)


Objectives: a) Assess the psychosocial impact of predictive testing. b) Check the effect of variables: gender, cancer diagnosis, cancer treatment, first proband, the type of hereditary syndrome: breast/ovarian or colorectal cancer, result of genetic testing, and time since the communication of results. c) To study the psychometric properties and replicate the factor structure of the Spanish version of MICRA Method: We studied 122 subjects who had genetic testing done at an interval of 1 month to 5 years. They were administrated the Multidimensional Impact of Cancer Risk Assessment (MICRA) Questionnaire. Sample data: 95 women and 27 men; mean age: 50.48 years; with high education; 93 (72.2%) were diagnosed with cancer; 45 (36.9%) were receiving cancer treatment; 89 (73%) consulted for breast/ovarian cancer risk and 33 (27%) for colorectal cancer risk; 50 (41%) were negative for the mutation test, 37(30.3%) positive and 35 (28.7%) non-informative. The average time elapsed since the communication of results: 401 days. We calculated the internal consistency of MICRA, took out a multitrait scaling analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis.Results: The genetic test did not cause a negative psychological impact. The variables of sex, cancer diagnosis, cancer treatment, first proband, type of syndrome (breast/ovariancolorectal) or time elapsed do not influence the impact of genetic testing. The result type (positive, negative and non-informative) was significant in the ANOVA, Tukey test showed differences in distress subscale of the positive vs. negative (p=0.00), with Cohen’s d=1,16), and positive vs. non-informative (p=0.00), Cohen’s d = 0.84, on the subscale positive experiences the differences are between positive vs. negative (p=0.01), Cohen’s d=0.68, and positive vs. non-informative (p=0.02), Cohen’s d=0.67, in the total are the differences between the positive vs. negative (p=0.000), Cohen’s d=0.96, and between positive vs. non-informative (p=0.00), Cohen’s d = 1.00. The MICRA showed satisfactory internal consistency. The convergent and discriminant validity were adequate for the distress and positive experience subscales, but not for the uncertainty subscale. Factor analysis confirms the distress and positive experiences subscales but not uncertainty subscale. Conclusions: Genetic testing did not cause a negative psychological impact. Mutation carriers showed a greater negative impact than participants with negative and uninformative. The MICRA showed good psychometric properties, but the Spanish version needs significant improvements (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Genetic Counseling/psychology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/psychology , Neoplasms/psychology , Risk Factors , Early Detection of Cancer/psychology
2.
Clin Transl Oncol ; 10(10): 660-4, 2008 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18940747

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the level of adherence to prophylactic surgery of breast and/or ovarian cancer in female carriers of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation in a referential genetic counselling unit in Spain. METHODS: Between January 1998 and November 2006, a total of 684 families with several cases of breast and/or ovarian cancer were selected by the Genetic Counselling Unit at the Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos. Some of them opted for prophylactic surgery after genetic counselling and genetic testing. RESULTS: The pathogenic mutation was found in 57 families out of a total of 449 families who fulfilled the hereditary breast/ovarian cancer criteria. Out of a total of 238 individuals who were carriers of the mutation, 136 (57%) were offered risk-reducing prophylactic surgery. Prophylactic surgery was chosen by 58 (43%) women out of a total of 136 who were offered this possibility; the histological findings observed 7% malignant lesions in the breast and, in the ovarian-fallopian complex, 2 cases (8%) of a borderline tumour and one case (4%) of papillary adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: This is the first study published on the role of prophylactic surgery in BRCA mutation carriers in the Spanish population. The incidence of occult carcinoma in these cases is lower than in other series.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma/surgery , Genes, BRCA1 , Genes, BRCA2 , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Carcinoma/genetics , Carcinoma/prevention & control , Family , Female , Genetic Counseling/psychology , Genetic Counseling/statistics & numerical data , Heterozygote , Humans , Mutation , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/prevention & control , Population , Preventive Medicine/methods , Spain
3.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 4(2/3): 465-482, dic. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-95108

ABSTRACT

Se exponen los aspectos psicológicos del Consejo Genético Oncológico en cáncer de mama (CGO). El CGOI tiene como beneficio principal para los participantes obtener certidumbre, se capaces de estimar el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer hereditario, adoptar medidas preventivas y ayudar a los otros familiares. El CGO mejora la percepción de riesgo en los participantes, pero en muchos de ellos persisten errores debidos a fallos en la compresión de la información y sesgos cognitivos o emocionales. La información en CGO debe partir de que las estimaciones de riesgo son herramientas para tomar decisiones que afectan a la salud y no una mera predicción de enfermedad. Es preferible informar del riesgo en términos de probabilidades absolutas, y evitar términos de riesgo relativo. Los valores de los participantes y las consecuencias par su bienestar a largo plazo deben ser incorporados al proceso de toma de decisiones. Los participantes deben valorar sus decisiones en términos de las ventajas que pueda suponer y no como correcto/incorrecto. La participación en CGO no tiene consecuencias adversas para la salud mental de la mayoría de los participantes. La comunicación abierta entre los miembros de la familia es una importante determinante de la adaptación al proceso. La intervención psicológica es necesaria en los siguientes casos a) los participantes que tienen problemas de comunicación familiar; b) el ser el primer probando; c) los participantes que muestran un alto nivel de estrés previo al consejo genético, ansiedad, pesimismo o pérdida de autoestima; d) antecedentes psicopatológicos familiares; e) los participantes que han tenido experiencia negativas de cáncer en la familia durante la adolescencia (11-20 años); f) la muerte reciente por cáncer de un familiar y el duelo; g) diagnóstico reciente de cáncer o recurrencia; f) el consultante declina continuar el CGO; f) Los portadores que no esperan serlo; g) los que consideran realizar cirugía profiláctica (AU)


The psychological aspects of genetic counseling for breast cancer are reviewed. The principal profits for the genetic counseling participants are: to obtain certainty, be capable of estimating the risk of developing hereditary cancer, to take preventive measures, and to help their relatives. Genetic risk counseling has been shown to improve significantly the accuracy of risk perception, but a significant proportion of women continue to hold misperceptions, which is caused by problems to understand the information and cognitive or emotional biases. The estimations of risk should be a mean to assist in health decisions making and not a mere predictor of cancer. It is preferable to provide the estimations about cancer risk in absolute probabilities, and to avoid terms of relative risk. The values of the participants and the consequences for his well-being in the long term must be incorporated to the process of decision-making. The participants must view their decisions in terms of the advantages/disadvantages and not as correct/wrong. The participation in CGO does not have negative consequences in mental health or the most people. The open communication among relatives is an important determinate of the adjustment to the process. The psychological intervention is necessary for the following conditions: a) the participants who have problems of familiar communication; b) those who are tested first; c) high levels of distress, anxiety, pessimism, or low self-esteem prior to testing; d) having lost a relative to hereditary cancer during the adolescence (11-20 years); e) the recent death of a relative from cancer and grief; f) recent diagnosis form cancer and grief; f) recent diagnosis of cancer or recurrence; g) the participants who decline genetic testing; h) carriers who do not expect to be carriers; i) those who consider to undergoing prophylactic surgery (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms/psychology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/psychology , Genetic Counseling , Risk Factors , Uncertainty
4.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 4(2/3): 483-497, dic. 2007.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-95109

ABSTRACT

La cirugía profiláctica se ha convertido en una herramienta de prevención que se utiliza cada vez con más frecuencia en mujeres de alto riesgo de padecer cáncer de mama y ovario hereditario. Tanto la mastectomía como la ooforectomía profilácticas son medidas de prevención muy agresivas, que en muchos casos van a requerir para las mujeres a las que se les ofrece un difícil proceso de toma de decisión acerca de las medidas a llevar a cabo. Ambos tipos de cirugía han demostrado su eficacia como medidas de reducción de riesgo de cáncer, si bien no eliminan totalmente el riesgo de enfermedad. Sin embargo, estos procedimientos pueden provocar un impacto negativo en las mujeres que los llevan a cabo, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de valorar detenidamente la realización de cirugías, así como el impacto psicológico que puede tener sobre cada mujer. En el presente artículo se pretende hacer una revisión que permita conocer el estado actual acerca del impacto psicológico de la mastectomía y la ooforectomía, así como de los aspectos más importantes que han de tenerse en cuenta a la hora de llevarlos a cabo. Aspectos como la eficacia del procedimiento, la calidad de vida, la satisfacción con la cirugía y los aspectos negativos más importantes derivados de este procedimiento se comentan a continuación (AU)


Prophylactic surgery has become a very useful prevention tool for women a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Both prophylactic mastectomy and oophorectomy are considered as aggressive methods and women who are considering this procedure must have a very difficult decision making process to decade which preventive measures they choose. Both surgeries have demonstrated their efficacy to reduce cancer risk, but not to eliminate risk completely. This procedures may produce a negative impact on this women who undergone it, so it is necessary to assess every women who is considering this option and the psychological impact that it may produce. In this paper we try to review the state of art about psychological impact of prophylactic mastectomy and oophorectomy, and the most important issues that must be considered by women that are thinking about this surgery. Issues like efficacy, quality of life, satisfaction with the procedure and most important negative surgery effects are included in this paper (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Ovarian Neoplasms/prevention & control , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Mastectomy , Ovariectomy , Patient Satisfaction
5.
Int J Gynecol Pathol ; 21(1): 34-40, 2002 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11781521

ABSTRACT

Sixty cases of uterine adenomatoid tumors (ATs) are reported. All except four were incidental findings in hysterectomy specimens, three of these being discovered preoperatively as large multicystic tumors. ATs were classified into two distinctive macroscopic patterns: small, solid tumors and large, cystic ones. The 56 small, solid ATs ranged from 0.2 to 3.5 cm, (average 2.1 cm); 48 were nodular and 8 diffuse. The four large, cystic tumors ranged from 7 to 10 cm. Inflammation occurred in 65% of the tumors, and a smooth muscle reaction, identified by an increased Ki-67 index, was present in most cases. Both types were histologically similar except for the presence of short papillae in cystic tumors, which also showed serosal involvement. Both were immunoreactive for cytokeratins, calretinin, HMBE-1, and vimentin. Estrogen and progesterone nuclear receptors and EMA were negative. These tumors represent a spectrum ranging from small and solid to large and cystic ATs in the female genital tract, whereas outside the genital tract they are morphologically similar to multicystic mesothelioma. Although a reactive origin for ATs often seems plausible, especially when inflammation is present, their neoplastic nature should not be ignored.


Subject(s)
Adenomatoid Tumor/pathology , Uterine Neoplasms/pathology , Adenomatoid Tumor/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Calbindin 2 , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Keratins/biosynthesis , Ki-67 Antigen/biosynthesis , Middle Aged , Mucin-1/biosynthesis , Receptors, Estrogen/biosynthesis , Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis , Retrospective Studies , S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/biosynthesis , Thrombomodulin/biosynthesis , Uterine Neoplasms/metabolism , Vimentin/biosynthesis
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