ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Vertebral fractures (VFs) were described in elderly patients with heart failure (HF) whereas their prevalence and determinants in younger HF patients are still unknown. This study aimed at assessing whether secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) may influence the risk of VFs in middle-aged patients with HF. METHODS: 84 patients (44 males, median age 48.5 years, range 43-65) with HF were prospectively evaluated at the baseline and after 36-month follow-up for bone mineral density (BMD) and VFs by quantitative morphometry on chest X-rays. Serum PTH, calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24-h-urinary calcium were evaluated at the baseline and every 6-12 months during the study period. RESULTS: At baseline, SHPT, hypovitaminosis D and VFs were found in 43 patients (51.2%), 73 patients (86.9%) and 29 patients (34.5%), respectively. SHPT was associated with VFs at baseline [inverse probability-weighted (ipw) odds ratio (OR) 12.2, p < 0.001]. Patients were treated with vitamin D3 alone (56%), vitamin D3 plus calcium carbonate (21.4%), calcitriol alone (4.8%), bisphosphonates plus vitamin D3 (8.3%) or a combination of bisphosphonates, vitamin D3 and calcium carbonate (9.5%). At the end of follow-up, hypovitaminosis D was corrected in all patients, whereas 19/84 patients (22.6%) had persistent SHPT. During the follow-up, 16 patients developed incident VFs which resulted to be associated with baseline SHPT (ipw OR 55.7, p < 0.001), even after adjusting from BMD change from baseline to follow-up (ipw OR 46.4, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a first evidence that SHPT may be a risk factor for VFs in middle-aged patients with HF.
Subject(s)
Heart Failure/epidemiology , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/epidemiology , Spinal Fractures/epidemiology , Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries , Adult , Age Factors , Age of Onset , Aged , Bone Density , Female , Heart Failure/complications , Humans , Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/complications , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Spinal Fractures/complications , Spinal Fractures/etiology , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications , Vitamin D Deficiency/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The activity of lipoprotein-lipase in heparin-eluates of adipose tissue (AT-LPLA) of three body regions was measured in 22 obese and 18 nonobese females under basal conditions. AT-LPLA in the obese women both before and after 10 d of caloric restriction was also measured. Basal LPLA correlated well with plasma insulin values and reduced significantly after caloric restriction. Relative body weight, body fat, fasting and glucose-stimulated insulin levels, triglycerides, total cholesterol, but not high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, significantly decreased after caloric restriction. Variation of insulin levels after caloric restriction was the best explanatory variable correlating with AT-LPLA variations. These results are consistent with a primary role of insulin in regulating AT-LPLA.
