Covid-19 Impact on the Music Sector in Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brazil).

This article addresses the difficulties of musicians and measures taken by public and private authorities to mitigate the social impact of Covid-19 in the music sector of Belo Horizonte, capital city of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. These are preliminary results of a research developed by the research lab on Sound, Communication, Textualities and Sociability [ESCUTAS (in Portuguese)] at the Social Communication Department of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. This study has two perspectives. First, we surveyed public sources about Brazilian measures for the sector, as we are interested in verifying policies used by the private and public sectors, not only at the national level, but also at regional (state of Minas Gerais) and local (city of Belo Horizonte) levels. Second, we investigate the impact of the pandemic on the city's music sector, considering various categories of the profession such as composers, interpreters, arrangers, music teachers, DJs, among others. This work is part of a scenario of academic research and economic reports on the impacts of the pandemic in the music industry. More specifically, it aims to contribute to discussion on the effects of the social distance on livelihood of professionals of that area.

Tensões e contradições nos discursos políticos sobre o combate à homofobia no contexto da escola brasileira / Tensions and contradictions in political discourses to combat homophobia in the context of Brazilian schools / Las tensiones y contradicciones en los discursos políticos relacionados a la lucha contra la homofobia en el contexto de la escuela brasileña

Este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise dos discursos materializados nas práticas discursivas de líderes políticos pertencentes à bancada evangélica e/ou ultraconservadores frente às políticas educacionais de combate à homofobia. Procurou-se compreender os vários discursos produzidos por esses líderes em função de iniciativas de reconhecimento da diversidade sexual e de políticas públicas de combate à homofobia no contexto da escola. Para analisar tais objetivos, ancoramo-nos na análise do discurso apresentada por Michel Foucault (1969/2008). Utilizamos como corpus os vídeos localizados no site youTube contendo o pronunciamento, a pregação, o debate ou a preleção de três líderes políticos e religiosos contrários às políticas públicas educacionais de combate à homofobia. Os resultados indicam que os sujeitos são atravessados por discursos de cunho moral, pseudocientífico, cultural e religioso que sustentam a heteronormatividade.

This study aims to analyze the discourses produced in the discursive practices of the religious and political leaders belonging to the evangelical churches and /or ultra-conservative political parties regarding educational policies to combat homophobia. The authors engage in the task of analyzing the various speeches made by these leaders in relation to initiatives that promote sexual diversity and public policies that combat homophobia in schools. To achievethese goals, the study uses the discourse analysis developed by Michel Foucault (1969/2008).The corpus consists of videos located on YouTube that contain statements, preaching, debates or conferences involving three political and religious leaders opposed to educational policies thatcombat homophobia. The results indicate that the subjects produce discourses that are based on moral, pseudo-scientific, cultural and religious positions to argue for heteronormativity.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los discursos materializados en las prácticas discursivas de los líderes religiosos y políticos que pertenecen a la “bancada evangélica”y/o ultraconservadores en función de las políticas educativas para combatir la homofobia. Se buscó comprender los diversos discursos de estos líderes debido a las iniciativas de reconocimiento de la diversidad sexual y las políticas públicas para combatir la homofobia en el contexto escolar. Para analizar estos objetivos, nos apoyamos en el análisis del discurso presentada por Michel Foucault(1969/2008). Usamos como corpus los videos localizados en el sitio de YouTube que contienen la declaración, la predicación, el debate o una conferencia de tres políticos y líderes religiosos que se oponen a la política pública educativa para combatir la homofobia. Los resultados indican que los sujetos están atravesados por discursos de naturaleza moral, pseudo-científica, cultural y religiosa que sostienen heteronormatividad.

A Phase I clinical trial of lodenafil carbonate, a new phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, in healthy male volunteers.

UNLABELLED: Lodenafil carbonate is a new phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor used in treatment of erectile dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of lodenafil carbonate after administering ascending (1 - 100 mg) single oral doses to healthy male volunteers (n = 33). METHODS: The study was an open label, dose-escalation, Phase I clinical trial involving the administration of single oral doses of lodenafil carbonate. Lodenafil carbonate was administered sequentially, escalating in single doses of 1 mg - 100 mg with a washout period of at least 1 week between each dose. The progression to the next dose was allowed after clinical and laboratory exams, Ambulatory Monitoring of Arterial Pressure (AMAP) without relevant clinical modifications and adverse events without clinical relevancy. Blood samples were collected at pre-dose, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20 and 24 h post-dosing. Plasma samples for measurement of lodenafil carbonate and lodenafil were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: No serious adverse events were observed, and none of the subjects discontinued the study due to intolerance. The AMAP measurements, clinical and laboratory exams and ECG revealed no significant changes even at higher doses. Lodenafil carbonate was not detected in any samples, indicating that it acts as a prodrug. The mean lodenafil pharmacokinetic parameters for tmax and t1/2 were 1.6 ( ± 0.4) h and 3.3 ( ± 1.1) h, respectively. This study demonstrated that lodenafil carbonate was well tolerated and showed a good safety profile in healthy male volunteers.

A exploração sexual infanto-juvenil sob a ótica de membros da população / La explotación sexual de niños, niñas y adolescentes desde la perspectiva de personas de la población / Sexual exploitation of children and adolescents from the perspective of population’s members

Este artigo versa sobre pesquisa desenvolvida em pontos de exploração sexual comercial de crianças e adolescentes (ESCCA) com pessoas adultas, membros da população, acerca do conhecimento que estes tinham a respeito da ESCCA. Foi usado um roteiro com questões abertas e fechadas que versavam sobre a percepção e o conhecimento da ESCCA, características dos envolvidos e formas de enfrentamento. Os dados revelaram que os 15 participantes da pesquisa têm conhecimento do problema e de suas nuanças, causas, características, perfil das crianças e adolescentes e exploradores, modalidades, locais, relação da ESCCA com outras atividades de trabalho e com as redes de exploração. Pode-se constatar que, embora alguns participantes acreditem que a forma de enfrentar a ESCCA resida em políticas públicas e constatem, na cidade objeto da pesquisa, a existência de políticas sociais, não acreditam na eficácia dessas políticas nem acreditam nas leis.

This article talks about a research developed in points of commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents with adults people members of the population about the knowledge they had about this kind of exploitation. It was used a guide with open and closed questions that contemplated the perception and the knowledge about the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents, characteristics of involved and forms of facing. Data reveal that the 15 participants of the research have knowledge of the problematic and its nuances, causes, characteristics, profile of the children and adolescents and exploiters, modalities, locals, relation of commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents with others activities of work and with the webs of exploitation. It's possible to verify that, though some participants believe that the form to face commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents resides in public politics and verify in the city object of the research the existence of social politics, they don't believe in the efficacy of those politics, neither in Laws.

Este artículo presenta una investigación desarrollada junto a personas de la población, que realizan actividades profesionales en locales conocidos como puntos de explotación sexual comercial de niños, niñas y adolescentes (ESCCA), acerca de su conocimiento sobre esta modalidad de violencia. Se utilizó un guión con preguntas abiertas y cerradas que se centró en la percepción y en el conocimiento de la ESCCA, las características de los participantes y las formas de hacer frente. Los datos presentan que todos los participantes (15) son conscientes del problema, sus matices, causas, características, perfil de los niños, niñas y adolescentes y explotadores, además de las modalidades, locales, relación de la ESCCA con otras actividades de trabajo y las redes de explotación. Se constató que, aunque crean que la manera de abordar la ESCCA resida en las políticas públicas y perciban que, en la ciudad objeto de la investigación, hayan políticas sociales, no creen en la eficacia de esas políticas tan poco en las leyes.

A exploração sexual infanto-juvenil sob a ótica de membros da população / La explotación sexual de niños, niñas y adolescentes desde la perspectiva de personas de la población / Sexual exploitation of children and adolescents from the perspective of population’s members

Este artigo versa sobre pesquisa desenvolvida em pontos de exploração sexual comercial de crianças e adolescentes (ESCCA) com pessoas adultas, membros da população, acerca do conhecimento que estes tinham a respeito da ESCCA. Foi usado um roteiro com questões abertas e fechadas que versavam sobre a percepção e o conhecimento da ESCCA, características dos envolvidos e formas de enfrentamento. Os dados revelaram que os 15 participantes da pesquisa têm conhecimento do problema e de suas nuanças, causas, características, perfil das crianças e adolescentes e exploradores, modalidades, locais, relação da ESCCA com outras atividades de trabalho e com as redes de exploração. Pode-se constatar que, embora alguns participantes acreditem que a forma de enfrentar a ESCCA resida em políticas públicas e constatem, na cidade objeto da pesquisa, a existência de políticas sociais, não acreditam na eficácia dessas políticas nem acreditam nas leis.(AU)

This article talks about a research developed in points of commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents with adults people members of the population about the knowledge they had about this kind of exploitation. It was used a guide with open and closed questions that contemplated the perception and the knowledge about the commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents, characteristics of involved and forms of facing. Data reveal that the 15 participants of the research have knowledge of the problematic and its nuances, causes, characteristics, profile of the children and adolescents and exploiters, modalities, locals, relation of commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents with others activities of work and with the webs of exploitation. It's possible to verify that, though some participants believe that the form to face commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents resides in public politics and verify in the city object of the research the existence of social politics, they don't believe in the efficacy of those politics, neither in Laws.(AU)

Este artículo presenta una investigación desarrollada junto a personas de la población, que realizan actividades profesionales en locales conocidos como puntos de explotación sexual comercial de niños, niñas y adolescentes (ESCCA), acerca de su conocimiento sobre esta modalidad de violencia. Se utilizó un guión con preguntas abiertas y cerradas que se centró en la percepción y en el conocimiento de la ESCCA, las características de los participantes y las formas de hacer frente. Los datos presentan que todos los participantes (15) son conscientes del problema, sus matices, causas, características, perfil de los niños, niñas y adolescentes y explotadores, además de las modalidades, locales, relación de la ESCCA con otras actividades de trabajo y las redes de explotación. Se constató que, aunque crean que la manera de abordar la ESCCA resida en las políticas públicas y perciban que, en la ciudad objeto de la investigación, hayan políticas sociales, no creen en la eficacia de esas políticas tan poco en las leyes.(AU)

Analysis of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers using negative ion photoionization mass spectrometry.

The fragmentation of dihydropyridine calcium-channel antagonists are compared by electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure photonization (APPI). The results demonstrate that in ESI the preferred ionization process is in positive mode, with the mass spectra of [M+H]+ showing base peak ions probably formed by loss of alcohols from carboxyl groups. Conversely, in APPI, a high intense peak is observed in negative mode due to deprotonated molecule [M-H]- after two serial 1, 2-hydride shifts leading to a rearranged deprotonated molecule [M-H]-. These ions undergo another 1,2-hydride shifts to produce a nitro-phenyl product ion of m/z 122. The APPI is also used to develop a method for the quantitation of dihydropyridines (e.g., nifedipine) in human plasma.

Anastrozole quantification in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to photospray tandem mass spectrometry applied to pharmacokinetic studies.

A rapid, sensitive and specific method for quantifying the aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole) in human plasma using dexchlorpheniramine as the internal standard (I.S.) is described herein. The analyte and the I.S. were extracted from 200 microl of human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using a mixture of diethyl ether:dichloromethane (70:30, v/v) solution. Extracts were removed and dried in the organic phase then reconstituted with 200 microl of acetonitrile:water (50:50; v/v). The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS). Chromatography was performed isocratically on a Genesis, C18 4 microm analytical column (100 mm x 2.1mm i.d.). The method had a chromatographic run time of 2.5 min and a linear calibration curve ranging from 0.05-10 ng ml(-1). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.05 ng ml(-1). This HPLC-MS-MS procedure was used to assess pharmacokinetic studies.

Clonazepam quantification in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in a bioequivalence study.

A rapid, sensitive and specific method for quantifying clonazepam in human plasma using diazepam as the internal standard (IS) is described. The analyte and the IS were extracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction using a hexane/diethylether (20 : 80, v/v) solution. The extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS). Chromatography was performed on a Jones Genesis C8 4 microm analytical column (100 x 2.1 mm i.d.). The method had a chromatographic run time of 3.0 min and a linear calibration curve over the range 0.5-50 ng/ml (r2 > 0.9965). The limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/ml. This HPLC/MS/MS procedure was used to assess the bioequivalence of two clonazepam 2 mg tablet formulations (clonazepam test formulation from Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd and Rivotril from Roche Laboratórios Ltda as standard reference formulation).

O enfermeiro e a teoria crítica da educação: sua inserção no mundo do trabalho / The nurse under the critical education theory: his insertion in the job world

Estudo quanti-qualitativo, cujo objeto foi a caracterização profissional do egresso da Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, tendo como objetivos descrever e analisar o perfil desse enfermeiro. O atual currículo é fundamentado na Teoria Crítica da Educação. Os 59 (22%) participantes concluíram o Curso no período de 2000 a 2004. Aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas, em 2005. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos egressos procura aprimorar sua capacitação, mediante cursos de pós-graduação, para conquistar melhores ganhos financeiros, posições no mercado de trabalho e visibilidade profissional; 59,58 % atuam na área em que se especializaram; 50,84% obtiveram aprovação em concurso público e todos se consideram agentes de mudança em seus ambientes de trabalho. Conclui-se que o perfil profissional apreendido reflete o desejado pelo atual currículo - enfermeiro crítico, reflexivo e que responde aos desafios impostos pelo mundo do trabalho.

Quantification of isosorbide 5-mononitrate in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure photoionization.

Isosorbide 5-mononitrate (5-ISMN) is an organic nitrate widely used for its vasodilating properties in the treatment of angina pectoris. In the present study, an efficient, sensitive, robust method was developed for the determination and quantification of isosorbide 5-mononitrate, in human plasma, by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), using photospray ionization. Isosorbide 5-mononitrate was extracted from 0.5 mL human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The method had a chromatographic run of 2.0 min using a C(8) analytical column (100 mm x 2.1 mm i.d.) and the linear calibration curve over the range was linear from 20 to 2000 ng mL(-1) (r(2)>0.995). The between-run precision, based on the relative standard deviation replicate quality controls, was 7.9% (60 ng mL(-1)), 5.2% (300 ng mL(-1)) and 7.0% (1800 ng mL(-1)). The between-run accuracy was 94.9%, 94.1% and 88.8% for the above-mentioned concentrations, respectively. The method herein described was employed in a bioequivalence study of two tablet formulations of isosorbide 5-mononitrate 40 mg.

Pharmacokinetics of dihydroergocristine and its major metabolite 8'-hydroxy-dihydroergocristine in human plasma.

Dihydroergocristine (DHEC) is a semi-synthetic drug mainly used for age-related cognitive impairment. In this study, its major metabolite 8'-hydroxy-dihydroergocristine (8'-OH-DHEC) was produced in incubates of a bovine liver preparation using dihydroergocristine mesylate (DHECM) as substrate. Purification was achieved by flash silica gel column and reverse phase liquid chromatographies, and identification was based on accurate molecular mass measurements, mass fragmentation spectra and NMR ((1)H/(13)C) chemical shifts. By using the substance produced in vitro, a fast, sensitive, specific and robust LC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of DHEC and its major metabolite in human plasma was developed and validated. Bromocriptine was used as internal standard and limits of quantification for DHEC and 8'-OH-DHEC were 10 pg/ml and 20 pg/ml, respectively. Pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated on 12 male healthy volunteers to whom a single dose of 18 mg DHECM was administered in tablets (Iskevert). The peak of DHEC was 0.28 +/- 0.22 microg/l, the t(max) 0.46 +/- 0.26 h, the AUC(last) 0.39 +/- 0.41 microg/l.h and the terminal elimination half-life 3.50 +/- 2.27 h. The peak of 8'-OH-DHEC was 5.63 +/- 3.34 microg/l, the t(max) 1.04 +/- 0.66 h, the AUC(last) 13.36 +/- 5.82 microg/l.h and the terminal elimination half-life 3.90 +/- 1.07 h. Dosing of 18 mg DHECM was well tolerated, causing no adverse events.

Quantification of betamethasone in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure photoionization in negative mode.

Betamethasone is a synthetic corticosteroid designed to exert a marked glucocorticoid activity. As the free alcohol, betamethasone finds widespread clinical applications related to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant activity. In the present study, a fast, sensitive, robust method was developed for the determination and quantification of betamethasone in human plasma by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, using photospray ionization in negative mode. Betamethasone was extracted from 0.5 ml human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using chloramphenicol as internal standard. The method has a chromatographic run of 2.5 min using a C(18) analytical column (100 mm x 2.1 mm i.d.) and the linear calibration curve over the range was linear from 0.05 to 50 ng ml(-1) (r(2)>0.993). The between-run precision, based on the relative standard deviation replicate quality controls was 94.1% (0.15 ng ml(-1)), 90.7% (4.0 ng ml(-1)) and 97.2% (40 ng ml(-1)). The between-run accuracy for the above-mentioned concentrations was 11.9, 9.0 and 9.8%, respectively. The method herein described was employed in a bioequivalence study of two formulations of dexchlorpheniramine/betamethasone 2 mg/0.25 mg tablets.

Electrospray ionization mass and tandem mass spectra of a series of N-pyrazolylmethyl and N-triazolylmethyl N-phenylpiperazines: new dopaminergic ligands with potential antipsychotic properties.

Recently, two analogous series of N-pyrazolylmethyl and N-triazolylmethyl N-phenylpiperazines have been prepared and found to be potential antipsychotic drugs acting as new selective ligands of the dopamine D2 receptor. Herein we report a systematic study of their high-resolution electrospray ionization mass and tandem mass spectra in which the main dissociation routes of their protonated molecules are determined and rationalized. The ESI-MS/MS data is very characteristic for both series allowing straightforward isomeric differentiation. A single and dominant fragment ion for the pyrazole series and four major fragment ions for the triazole series are useful for selective reaction MS monitoring of these potential drugs in biological fluids.

Felodipine quantification in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.

A rapid, sensitive, robust and specific method was developed for the determination and quantitation of felodipine, in human blood plasma by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry using nimodipine as internal standard. Felodipine was extracted from 0.5 mL human plasma by use of a liquid/liquid procedure using diethyl ether/hexane (80/20, v/v) as eluent. The method included a chromatographic run of 5 min using a C(18) analytical column (100 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.) and the calibration curve was linear over the range from 0.02 to 10 ng mL(-1) (r(2) > 0.994). The between-run precision, determined as relative standard deviation of replicate quality controls, was 5.7% (0.06 ng mL(-1)), 7.1% (0.6 ng mL(-1)) and 6.8% (7.5 ng mL(-1)). The between-run accuracy was +/- 0.0, 2.1 and 3.1% for the above-mentioned concentrations, respectively.

Quantification of the bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide antagonist RC-3095 by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Bombesin (BN) and its mammalian equivalent, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), stimulate cell proliferation and are involved in the pathogenesis of several types of human cancer. BN/GRP and their receptors were shown to be critical for the growth of various human malignancies, such as small-cell lung, prostate, ovary, stomach and breast cancers in the human tumor xenograft model. In the present study, a fast, sensitive, robust method was developed for the determination and quantification of a BN/GRP receptor antagonist RC-3095 (D-Tpi-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leupsi(CH2NH)Leu-NH2), in human plasma by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. RC-3095 was extracted from 0.2 ml human plasma by protein precipitation using cold acetonitrile (0.4 ml). The method has a chromatographic run of 10 min using a C(8) analytical column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.) and the linear calibration curve over the range was linear from 20 to 10000 ng ml(-1) (r(2)>0.994). The between-run precision, based on the relative standard deviation replicate quality controls, was 5.7% (60 ng ml(-1)), 7.1% (600 ng ml(-1)) and 6.8% (8000 ng ml(-1)). The between-run accuracy was +/-0.0, 2.1 and 3.1% for the above-mentioned concentrations, respectively. The developed procedure allows the quantitative determination of peptide RC-3095 for pharmacokinetics studies in human plasma.

Flavonoids and trypanocidal activity of Bulgarian propolis.

Acetone and ethanol extracts of two Bulgarian propolis samples (Bur and Lov) were investigated by high temperature high resolution gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HT-HRGC-MS), and their activity against Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated. The ethanol extracts--Et-Bur and Et-Lov--showed similar composition, with a high content of flavonoids, and strong inhibitory activity against T. cruzi proliferative epimastigotes, which were more susceptible than trypomastigotes. In the presence of blood, the activity of Et-Bur or Et-Lov against trypomastigotes was similar to that of the standard drug, crystal violet. Both extracts also showed similar and significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, while being inactive against Escherichia coli. The acetone extract, Ket-Bur, was more active than Et-Bur against both forms of T. cruzi.

Distribution of quinic acid derivatives and other phenolic compounds in Brazilian propolis.

The quinic acid derivatives (including 4-feruoyl quinic and 5-ferruoyl quinic acids characterized for first time in propolis samples) and other phenolic compounds were quantified in thirteen Brazilian propolis samples by HPLC analysis. For chemometrical analysis, the distribution of quinic acid derivatives and other phenolic compounds were considered. The results suggest that the Brazilian propolis with floral origin from Citrus sp. have the highest concentration of the quinic acid derivatives (between 11.0 to 58.4 mg/mg of the dried crude hydroalcoholic extract) and therefore would probably show a more effective hepatoprotective activity.

Chemical composition of Tipuana tipu, a source for tropical honey bee products.

Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze is a tree from the leguminosae family (Papilionoideae) indigenous in Argentina and extensively used in urbanism, mainly in Southern Brazil. The epicuticular waxes of leaves and branch, and flower surface were studied by high temperature high resolution gas chromatography. Several compounds were characterized, among which the aliphatic alcohols were predominant in branch, leaves and receptacle. Alkanes were predominant only in the petals and the aliphatic acids were predominant in stamen. In branches and leaf epicuticular surfaces, six long chain wax esters series were characterized, as well as lupeol and b-amyrin hexadecanoates.

Improvement in steroid screening for doping control with special emphasis on stanozolol.

The Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee forbids the use of anabolic androgenic steroids and beta2-agonists to improve athletic performance. In this work we have selected examples of anabolic androgenic compounds and their metabolites to evaluate the GC-MS analysis of some trimethylsilyl derivatives. The aim is to set the best GC conditions to improve the detection within the whole range of analyte elution temperatures. The initial column temperature was changed to 105 or 140 degrees C followed by 40 degrees C min(-1) to 200 degrees C and then 15 degrees C min(-1) to 300 degrees C. Using 140 degrees C as the initial oven temperature it was possible to obtain narrower initial analyte distributions for the compounds that elutes at the beginning of the chromatogram as clenbuterol, mabuterol, epimethylenediol and norandrosterone, without loss of derivatized metabolites signal. Later. eluting analytes, such as the stanozolol metabolites, furazabol and oxandrolone were not affected. Temperatures below 140 degrees C. resulted in partial derivatization for some analytes mainly stanozolol related structures. Therefore evaluation of derivatization conditions as occurring in three steps, the vial, vaporization chamber and capillary column, was thoroughly assessed. The new program temperature improves the signal-to-noise ratio for some compounds and shows adequate resolution for endogenous compounds. Some of the difficult key separations necessary for doping control enforcement were also obtained with the proposed method.

Avaliação da eficácia, tolerabilidade, padrão de sangramento e aceitabilidade do regime combinado contínuo de estrogênios conjugados naturais (0,625mg) e acetato de medroxiprogesterona (2,5mg) na terapia de reposição hormonal / Assessment of the efficacy, tolerability, bleeding standard, and acceptability of the continuous combined regimen of natural conjugate estrogens (0,625 mg) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5 mg) in the hormonal replacement therapy

Neste estudo mulcêntrico, aberto e não-comparativo avaliou-se a eficácia, segurança e tolerabilidade de estrogênios conjugados naturais (0,625mg) e acetato de medroxiprogesterona (2,5mg) em pacientes na pós-menopausa com útero intacto. Sessenta e seis pacientes foram avaliadas durante 13 ciclos, tendo-se como parâmetros de eficácia a melhora dos sintomas do climatério, tais como fogacho, sangramento, secura vaginal, dispareunia, insônia e astenia. A terapia combinada proporcionou uma diminuição significante na intensidade de todos estes sintomas. Houve baixa incidência de eventos adversos com boa tolerabilidade da droga.