ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: In spite of the recent advances in surgery and antitumor drugs, the brain tumors, like glioblastoma, have shown a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pertussis toxin (PTx) as immunomodulatory molecule on glial tumors induced by C6 glioma cells. METHODS: Given the pleiotropic effect of PTx on the immune system, we analyzed the effect of PTx on CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+ (Treg) cells like as immunotherapeutic adjuvant. Thirty rats with a glial tumor of 1.5 cm in diameter were separated in two groups: the first group was treated with PTx and the second group was non-treated (controls). Tumoral volume was measured weekly; tumor, blood and spleen were taken for analysis of subpopulations of T cells, apoptotic index and cytokine contents, in both groups. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease in tumor volume in the PTx group; this was associated with a decreased in the number of Treg cells, in both spleen and tumor. The percentage of apoptotic cells was increased as compared with that of controls. The production of proinflammatory cytokines was increased in mRNA for IL-6 as well as a small increase in the mRNA expression of perforin and granzime in tumors from rats treated with PTx. No changes were found in the mRNA expression of MCP-1 and MIP-1α. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PTx could be an immunotherapeutic adjuvant in the integral therapy against glial tumors.
Subject(s)
Glioma/drug therapy , Immunologic Factors/pharmacology , Pertussis Toxin/pharmacology , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Apoptosis/immunology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Chemokine CCL3/biosynthesis , Chemokine CCL3/genetics , Chemokine CCL3/immunology , Female , Glioma/immunology , Glioma/pathology , Granzymes/biosynthesis , Granzymes/genetics , Granzymes/immunology , Immunologic Factors/immunology , Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology , Interleukin-6/biosynthesis , Interleukin-6/genetics , Interleukin-6/immunology , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/immunology , Perforin/biosynthesis , Perforin/genetics , Perforin/immunology , Pertussis Toxin/immunology , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunologyABSTRACT
Se valoró la utilidad de la Angiorresonancia magnética (ARM), para determinar el grado de estenosis producida en nueve perros, a los que se les practicó estenosis de la arteria carótida común mediante plicadura y colocación de injerto de pericardio bovino. Los resultados se compararon entre diferentes modalidades de imagen (ARM, Ultrasonido Doppler, y Angiografía con Subtracción Digital), así como con los hallazgos histopatológicos. Como resultado, se comprobó mediante ARM la permeabilidad de los vasos en siete animales, mientras que por histopatología se demostró que existió permeabilidad en 100 por ciento de los mismos. La ARM es un estudio útil para demostrar el sitio de estenosis y como método de seguimiento no invasivo en cirugía por estenosis carotídea aunque cuando se requiere una valoración cuantitativa es necesario recurrir a otras modalidades de imagen