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1.
Proc Biol Sci ; 290(2003): 20231021, 2023 07 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37465983

ABSTRACT

The flexibility to associate with more than one symbiont may considerably expand a host's niche breadth. Coral animals and dinoflagellate micro-algae represent one of the most functionally integrated and widespread mutualisms between two eukaryotic partners. Symbiont identity greatly affects a coral's ability to cope with extremes in temperature and light. Over its broad distribution across the Eastern Pacific, the ecologically dominant branching coral, Pocillopora grandis, depends on mutualisms with the dinoflagellates Durusdinium glynnii and Cladocopium latusorum. Measurements of skeletal growth, calcification rates, total mass increase, calyx dimensions, reproductive output and response to thermal stress were used to assess the functional performance of these partner combinations. The results show both host-symbiont combinations displayed similar phenotypes; however, significant functional differences emerged when exposed to increased temperatures. Negligible physiological differences in colonies hosting the more thermally tolerant D. glynnii refute the prevailing view that these mutualisms have considerable growth tradeoffs. Well beyond the Eastern Pacific, pocilloporid colonies with D. glynnii are found across the Pacific in warm, environmentally variable, near shore lagoonal habitats. While rising ocean temperatures threaten the persistence of contemporary coral reefs, lessons from the Eastern Pacific indicate that co-evolved thermally tolerant host-symbiont combinations are likely to expand ecologically and spread geographically to dominate reef ecosystems in the future.


Subject(s)
Anthozoa , Dinoflagellida , Animals , Anthozoa/physiology , Ecosystem , Coral Reefs , Temperature , Dinoflagellida/physiology , Symbiosis/physiology
2.
J Surg Case Rep ; 2023(5): rjad264, 2023 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37215623

ABSTRACT

Critical defects of the chest wall require robust soft tissue coverage to protect the thoracic viscera. We define massive chest wall defects as larger than two-thirds of the chest wall. For such defects, classic flaps like the omentum, latissimus dorsi and anterolateral thigh flaps are usually insufficient. In our patient, a bilateral total mastectomy for locally advanced breast cancer resulted in a massive chest wall defect (40 by 30 cm). Soft tissue coverage was achieved with a combined anterolateral-lower medial thigh flaps. Revascularization of the anterolateral thigh and lower medial thigh components was via the internal mammary and thoracoacromial vessels, respectively. Post-operative recovery was uneventful and the patient received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in a timely manner. The total follow up was 24-months. We illustrate the novel use of the lower medial thigh territory in extending the size of the anterolateral thigh flap to reconstruct massive chest wall defects.

3.
Nature ; 615(7950): 80-86, 2023 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36859581

ABSTRACT

The distribution of dryland trees and their density, cover, size, mass and carbon content are not well known at sub-continental to continental scales1-14. This information is important for ecological protection, carbon accounting, climate mitigation and restoration efforts of dryland ecosystems15-18. We assessed more than 9.9 billion trees derived from more than 300,000 satellite images, covering semi-arid sub-Saharan Africa north of the Equator. We attributed wood, foliage and root carbon to every tree in the 0-1,000 mm year-1 rainfall zone by coupling field data19, machine learning20-22, satellite data and high-performance computing. Average carbon stocks of individual trees ranged from 0.54 Mg C ha-1 and 63 kg C tree-1 in the arid zone to 3.7 Mg C ha-1 and 98 kg tree-1 in the sub-humid zone. Overall, we estimated the total carbon for our study area to be 0.84 (±19.8%) Pg C. Comparisons with 14 previous TRENDY numerical simulation studies23 for our area found that the density and carbon stocks of scattered trees have been underestimated by three models and overestimated by 11 models, respectively. This benchmarking can help understand the carbon cycle and address concerns about land degradation24-29. We make available a linked database of wood mass, foliage mass, root mass and carbon stock of each tree for scientists, policymakers, dryland-restoration practitioners and farmers, who can use it to estimate farmland tree carbon stocks from tablets or laptops.


Subject(s)
Carbon , Desert Climate , Ecosystem , Trees , Carbon/analysis , Carbon/metabolism , Trees/anatomy & histology , Trees/chemistry , Trees/metabolism , Desiccation , Satellite Imagery , Africa South of the Sahara , Machine Learning , Wood/analysis , Plant Roots , Agriculture , Environmental Restoration and Remediation , Databases, Factual , Biomass , Computers
4.
Acta méd. colomb ; 48(1)mar. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1549989

ABSTRACT

Introduction: urticaria has a high impact on the quality of life of patients with this condition. While there are multiple evidence-based guidelines, these tend to be aimed at providing management recommendations for specialists rather than primary care physicians, who are usually the first to care for patients with urticaria. Objective: to develop a consensus document aimed at presenting evidence-based recommendations to help general practitioners, family doctors, pediatricians, internists and emergency physicians provide timely care for patients with urticaria, facilitating its diagnosis and timely care, and thus avoiding delays for the patients. Methods: international urticaria guidelines with recommendations based on the GRADE system were used as the source of information. Delegates of the interested scientific societies were convened, and, through structured meetings, treatment barriers and possible solutions for the application of the recommendations in primary care were identified. Results: the main barriers for primary care physicians in applying the guidelines were identified: confusion in the diagnosis, proper timing of treatment, first-line medications, and management of special situations. Possible consensus solutions were proposed for each identified barrier. Conclusion: this consensus document contains recommendations for the management and treatment of acute and chronic urticaria which help primary care physicians provide timely and effective treatment for patients with this disease. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2023.2722).

5.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 49(1)ene.-mar. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-220518

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivo: La gluteoplastia de aumento con lipoinjertos es uno de los procedimientos estéticos más realizados en el mundo, sin embargo, dada su alta tasa de mortalidad frente a los demás procedimientos estéticos, durante la última década se han publicado varios estudios y artículos en busca de recomendaciones para reducir desenlaces fatales. Revisamos la literatura actual para identificar índices de mortalidad, consensuar las recomendaciones encontradas e identificar estudios cadavéricos que permitan cuestionar si este procedimiento es seguro y si las medidas tomadas hasta el momento son suficientes para la seguridad de los pacientes. Material y método: Revisión mediante búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos científicas de artículos en cuyo contenido hubiera datos sobre casos nuevos, fisiopatología de complicaciones mayores y menores y estrategias para prevenirlas. Resultados: Obtuvimos 11 documentos: boletines, artículos de revisión, reportes de caso, revisiones sistemáticas y estudios experimentales en cadáveres. Conclusiones: En la lipoinyección glútea, la inyección del lipoinjerto en planos submúsculares supone aumento del riesgo de presentación de complicaciones macroscópicas y microscópicas por la migración de grasa al torrente sanguíneo. A pesar de las múltiples recomendaciones ya establecidas, abogamos por el desarrollo de técnicas que permitan asegurar la lipoinyección en plano subcutáneo. (AU)


Background and objective: Augmentation gluteoplasty with fat grafting is one of the most performed aesthetic procedures in the world, however, given its high mortality rate compared to other aesthetic procedures, during the last decade several studies and articles have been published in search of recommendations for reduce their fatal outcomes. We conduct a literature review in order to identify mortality rates, reach a consensus on the recommendations found, and identify cadaveric studies that may question whether this procedure is safe and whether the measures taken to date will be sufficient for patient safety. Methods: A review article was carried out through an exhaustive search in scientific databases, which included data on new reported cases, pathophysiology of major and minor complications and presented strategies. prevention of these complications. Results: A total of 11 documents were obtained, among which we found bulletins, review articles, case reports, systematic reviews, and experimental studies in cadavers. Conclusions: In gluteal lipoinjection, the injection of the lipograft in submuscular planes implies an increased risk of macroscopic and microscopic complications of fat migration through the bloodstream. Despite the multiple recommendations already established, we advocate the development of techniques that allow graft injection to be ensured subcutaneously. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Buttocks/surgery , Surgery, Plastic/adverse effects , Surgery, Plastic/mortality
6.
Repert. med. cir ; 31(Suplemento): 52-56, 2022. ilus., tab.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1380857

ABSTRACT

Introducción: esta pandemia ha marcado la necesidad de comprender cómo sobrevivimos a las infecciones y por qué el tratamiento puede ser heterogéneo. Objetivo: reseñar la tasa de letalidad por COVID-19 en Colombia entre el 6 de marzo 2020 y 31 de diciembre 2021. Metodología: estudio transversal, como fuente de información se obtuvo el plan nacional de vacunación contra COVID-19 del sitio web del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resultados: se establecieron por meses las tasas de letalidad por COVID-19 por meses en 2020 y 2021 en Colombia. Se apreció que en el período mencionado el mes con mayor tasa de letalidad fue febrero 2021 con 3,69% y el de menor fue diciembre 2021 con 1,61%. Conclusión: los registros de letalidad y tasas de mortalidad por COVID-19 posibilitan monitorear la pandemia, pero están sesgados por el diagnóstico posterior de la infección por SAR-CoV2 y la demora en la notificación.


Introduction: This pandemic poses the need to understand how to survive infections and why treatment may be heterogenous. Objective: to review the COVID-19 case fatality rate in Colombia between March 6, 2020 and December 31, 2021. Methodology:a cross-sectional study. Data was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Protection website based on the COVID ­ 19 vaccination plan. Results: COVID-19 case fatality rates were established by months in 2020 and 2021 in Colombia. It wasobserved that for the abovementioned period, the month with the highest case fatality rate was February 2021 with 3.69% and the lowest was December 2021 with 1.61%. Conclusion: the records of lethality and mortality rates enable monitoring the pandemic but are biased due to delays in confirming SAR-CoV2 infection and delays in reporting.


Subject(s)
SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Mortality , Pandemics
7.
Repert. med. cir ; 31(Suplemento): 63-66, 2022. ilus.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1380883

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el 17 de febrero 2021 se inició el programa de vacunación masiva en Colombia contra el COVID-19, al 17 de febrero 2022 se han aplicado 75'732.846 de dosis en todo el país. El mejor momento de la vacunación se dio el 6 de agosto 2021 cuando se aplicaron 594.933 dosis. Objetivo: mostrar el comportamiento del plan de vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2 en el periodo comprendido entre el 17 de febrero 2021 al 17 de febrero 2022. Metodología: estudio transversal con fuente de información del plan de vacunación nacional contra el COVID-19 de la página web del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resultados: en noviembre 2021 se evidenció el mayor número de aplicaciones (10'117.202), en junio el mayor número de segunda dosis (3'469.508), en julio el mayor de monodosis (2'322.994), en julio el de esquemas completos (5'282.778) y el mayor número de dosis de refuerzo se presentó en enero 2022 (2'390.185). Conclusión: es de transcendental importancia realizar el seguimiento al proceso de vacunación para comprender su eficacia, la posible disminución de la respuesta inmune con el tiempo y los posibles efectos adversos. También es fundamental hacer el seguimiento a las mutaciones del virus que se presenten en el país y que afecten la inmunidad proporcionada por las vacunas.


Introduction: mass vaccination against COVID-19 begun in February 2021. As of February17 2022, 75'732.846 doses had been administered nationwide. Peak vaccination rates were achieved on August 6 2021 when 594.933 doses were administered. Objective: to show the SARS-COV-2 vaccination plan behavior in the period between February 17 2021 and February 17 2022. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was conducted. Data was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Protection website, based on the national COVID-19 vaccination plan reports. Results: the highest number of doses (10'117.202) was administered in November 2021, the highest number of second doses (3'469.508) was administered in June, the highest number of single doses (2'322.994), as well as the highest number of doses which completed primary vaccination courses (5'282.778) were applied in July, and the highest number of booster doses (2'390.185). was applied in January 2022. Conclusion: vaccination process follow-up, to understand vaccine effectiveness, likelihood of immune response decrease over time and possible adverse effects, is crucial. Tracking virus mutations detected in the country, affecting vaccine-induced immunity, is also essential.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Vaccines , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2
8.
Repert. med. cir ; 31(Suplemento): 10-13, 2022. graf.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1367418

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el inicio de la pandemia inducida por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2-COVID-19 generó la acción más importante de salud pública y de economía en todo el mundo. Objetivo: mostrar el comportamiento de la curva epidémica por COVID-19 en los años 2020 y 2021 en Colombia. Metodología: estudio transversal cuya información se obtuvo de la página web del Instituto Nacional de Salud de los reportes diarios de contagio por COVID-19. Resultados: se encontró en 2020 un punto máximo o meseta que se ubicó en la semana 26 con 209.284 casos y para 2021 también en la semana 26 con 209.284 casos. Conclusión: el hecho de contar con elementos estadísticos suficientes y confiables para establecer la etapa en la que se localiza la curva epidémica, tiene implicaciones directas sobre la toma de decisiones. Es importante aprovechar las oportunidades de corrección técnica que exigen los métodos y modelos epidemiológicos a partir de la experiencia internacional.


Introduction: the initial surge of the SARS-CoV-2-COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic generated the most important public health and economic global action. Objective: to show the behavior of the COVID-19 epidemic curve for years 2020 and 2021 in Colombia. Methodology: a cross-sectional study based on daily reports of COVID-19 cases registered in the National Institute of Health web page. Results: in 2020 a peak or plateau pattern was evidenced at week 26 with 209.284 cases. In 2021 there was a similar peak at week 26 with 209.284 cases. Conclusion: having sufficient and reliable statistical elements to plot the epidemic curve portraying the data, directly contributes to decision making. It is important to employ the available technical correction tools required by epidemiological methods and models, based on international experience.


Subject(s)
SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Communicable Disease Control , Public Health , Pandemics
9.
Repert. med. cir ; 31(Suplemento): 14-18, 2022. tab.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1367499

ABSTRACT

Introducción: a pesar del célebre desarrollo, licenciamiento y distribución de vacunas efectivas contra COVID-19, el número de casos y muertes registrados recientemente continuó creciendo a nivel mundial hasta el verano del hemisferio norte de 2021. Objetivo: mostrar los países con los mayores porcentajes de cambio absoluto en las personas vacunadas para COVID-19, entre el 13 de diciembre 2020 al 6 de enero 2022. Metodología: esta investigación se realizó bajo un estudio transversal, la información se obtuvo de la página web de la recolectada por parte de Our World in Data para vacunación contra COVID-19. Resultados: se determinó que los países con mayores cambios absolutos de personas vacunadas en porcentaje fueron: Gibraltar (117,73), Portugal (89,65), Emiratos Árabes Unidos (88,97), Brunéi (87,27), Singapur (87), y Chile (86,35). Conclusión: hay que establecer sistemas de suministro de vacunas y la infraestructura necesaria para certificar el acceso a las vacunas contra la COVID-19 de los grupos poblacionales prioritarios a nivel mundial.


Introduction: despite the celebrated development, licensure and distribution of effective COVID-19 vaccines, the number of recently reported cases and deaths continued to rise globally up to the Northern Hemisphere summer of 2021. Objective: to show the countries with the highest percentage of absolute change of people vaccinated against COVID-19 between December 13 2020 and January 6 2022. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was conducted for this research, based on the Our World in Data web page COVID-19 vaccination data. Results: it was determined that the countries with the highest percentage of absolute change of vaccinated people were: Gibraltar (117.73), Portugal (89.65), United Arab Emirates (88.97), Brunei (87.27), Singapore (87), and Chile (86.35). Conclusion: vaccine delivery systems and infrastructure require to be established to ensure COVID-19 vaccines access to priority target groups around the world.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Vaccines , Pandemics , COVID-19 Vaccines , SARS-CoV-2
10.
Theriogenology ; 174: 60-72, 2021 Oct 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34419697

ABSTRACT

Freeze boar semen is still the biggest challenge for the swine industry due to the high cold shock sensitivity of boar sperm cells and the variance of post-thaw results among individuals and ejaculates from the same boar. To solve this problem, we investigate if miRNAs present in sperm cells and small extracellular vesicles (EVs) from seminal plasma of raw boar ejaculates can predict high-quality ejaculates after underwent the freeze-thaw process. For this, we obtained miRNAs samples of sperm cells and EVs from raw seminal plasma from 27 ejaculates before the cryopreservation process. Two groups with different freezability considering the analysis post-thaw of structure and sperm functionality were formed: High freezability (HF; n = 04) and low freezability (LF; n = 04). That done, we investigated the miRNAs profile of sperm cells and EVs from seminal plasma in both groups. Three miRNAs were differently abundant in LF ejaculates, being the ssc-miR-503 found in higher levels in sperm cells (P < 0.10). The ssc-miR-130a and ssc-miR-9 most abundant in EVs from seminal plasma (P < 0.10), in LF ejaculates. Through enrichment analysis, it was possible to verify that these miRNAs could be performing modifications in the development of male germ cells and in the production of energy to spermatozoa to maintain their viability and functionality. Therefore, we can demonstrate that ssc-miR-503, ssc-miR-130a, and ssc-miR-9 are related to low sperm cryotolerance in boars semen. So those miRNAs can be used as a biomarker to predict their low ability to tolerate the cryopreservation process.


Subject(s)
Extracellular Vesicles , MicroRNAs , Semen Preservation , Animals , Biomarkers , Male , MicroRNAs/genetics , Semen , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Spermatozoa , Swine
11.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 47(2): 217-226, abril-junio 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-217355

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivo: El síndrome burnout o síndrome de desgaste profesional, fue descrito por Freudenberger, psiquiatra psicoanalista norteamericano en 1974, y empleado públicamente por primera vez por Cristina Maslach en 1976 para referirse a una situación cada vez más frecuente entre trabajadores de los servicios humanos, que por la naturaleza de su trabajo, debían mantener un contacto directo y continuo con la gente, desgastándose profesionalmente tras meses o años de dedicación. En los 80, Maslach creó un instrumento para su valoración, el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), con 3 versiones, una de los cuales tiene como objetivo las personas que trabajan en el sector de servicios de la salud, que valora 3 dimensiones: agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización personal en el trabajo, que sigue vigente y es considerado el instrumento más utilizado y acertado para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad.El objetivo de nuestro estudio es determinar la frecuencia y factores asociados del síndrome de desgaste profesional en médicos especialistas y estudiantes de posgrado en Cirugía Plástica, Estética y Reconstructiva en Colombia.Material y método.Estudio de corte transversal durante el XX Curso Internacional de Cirugía Plástica Estética de la Sociedad Colombiana de Cirugía Plástica, Estética y Reconstructiva (SCCP) de septiembre 2018 en Barranquilla. Solicitamos consentimiento informado y utilizamos el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory y un cuestionario sociodemográfico para evaluar los factores asociados con el síndrome. Definimos el burnout o síndrome de desgaste profesional como la asociación de alto agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y bajo rendimiento profesional. Realizamos el análisis multivariado después del ajuste del modelo logístico binario con la identificación de los factores de riesgo y el calculo de (OR). De los 623 médicos registrados en el curso, 132 participaron en el estudio. (AU)


Background and objective: The burnout was originally described by Freudenberger, an American psychoanalyst psychiatrist in 1974, and this term was used for the first time by Cristina Maslach in 1976 to refer to an increasingly frequent situation among workers of human services, who by the nature of their work, had to maintain direct and continuous contact with people, wasting out professionally after months or years of dedication. In the 1980s, Maslach created an instrument for its assessment, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), with 3 versions, one aimed at people who work in the human services sector (Human Services Survey). It values 3 dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment at work, is still in use and is considered the most accurate instrument for diagnosing the disease.The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and associated factors of burnout syndrome in a group of plastic surgeons and postgraduate students in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery in Colombia.Methods.Cross-sectional study carried out during the XX International Course of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery of the Colombian Society of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery (SCCP) carried out in September 2018 in Barranquilla. Informed consent was requested and the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to evaluate the factors associated with the syndrome. Burnout syndrome was defined as the association of high emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low personal accomplishment. The multivariate analysis was performed after fitting the binary logistic model with the identification of risk factors and the calculation of the (OR). Of the 623 physicians registered in the course, 132 participated in the study. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Burnout, Professional , Surgery, Plastic , Fatigue
12.
Front Vet Sci ; 8: 639752, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33748215

ABSTRACT

Early embryonic development occurs in the oviduct, where an ideal microenvironment is provided by the epithelial cells and by the oviductal fluid produced by these cells. The oviductal fluid contains small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which through their contents, including microRNAs (miRNAs), can ensure proper cell communication between the mother and the embryo. However, little is known about the modulation of miRNAs within oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) and sEVs from the oviductal fluid in pregnant cows. In this study, we evaluate the miRNAs profile in sEVs from the oviductal flushing (OF-sEVs) and OECs from pregnant cows compared to non-pregnant, at 120 h after ovulation induction. In OF-sEVs, eight miRNAs (bta-miR-126-5p, bta-miR-129, bta-miR-140, bta-miR-188, bta-miR-219, bta-miR-345-3p, bta-miR-4523, and bta-miR-760-3p) were up-regulated in pregnant and one miRNA (bta-miR-331-5p) was up-regulated in non-pregnant cows. In OECs, six miRNAs (bta-miR-133b, bta-miR-205, bta-miR-584, bta-miR-551a, bta-miR-1193, and bta-miR-1225-3p) were up-regulated in non-pregnant and none was up-regulated in pregnant cows. Our results suggest that embryonic maternal communication mediated by sEVs initiates in the oviduct, and the passage of gametes and the embryo presence modulate miRNAs contents of sEVs and OECs. Furthermore, we demonstrated the transcriptional levels modulation of selected genes in OECs in pregnant cows. Therefore, the embryonic-maternal crosstalk potentially begins during early embryonic development in the oviduct through the modulation of miRNAs in OECs and sEVs in pregnant cows.

13.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 1-9, 2021. tab., graf.
Article in English, Spanish | COLNAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1255415

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la enfermedad por coronavirus humano 2019 (COVID-19) apareció a fines de diciembre de 2019 y un nuevo betacoronavirus después denominado síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), indicó ser la causa. Este virus podría transmitirse cómodamente de persona a persona y propagarse rápido por todo el mundo. Objetivo: estimar la frecuencia de incidencia, de marzo hasta diciembre de 2020 en los departamentos de Colombia para COVID-19. Metodología: para desarrollar la investigación se utilizó la base de datos de las personas contagiadas por COVID-19, la información de los datos corresponde al período acumulado entre 6 de marzo de 2020 a 31 de diciembre de 2020 para los departamentos de Colombia. Resultados: se puntualizó que aquellos con mayor incidencia acumulada (IA) de casos positivos por COVID-19 están en Bogotá 6,084%, Quindío 4,257%, Antioquía 3,917%, San Andrés 3,487%, Caquetá 3,654% y Atlántico 3,452%. Los departamentos con menor IA son: Arauca 1,555%, Magdalena 1,493%, Guajira 1,466%, Cauca 1,254% y Vichada 1,018%. Conclusiones: en los 33 departamentos de Colombia la frecuencia de casos, incidencia acumulada, fue heterogénea. Estos resultados contribuyen a comprender el comportamiento epidemiológico de la enfermedad en todos los grupos etarios de la población en los departamentos incluidos en este estudio.


Introduction: human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in late December 2019. A novel beta coronavirus, later named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified to be the cause. This virus could easily be transmitted from person to person and spread rapidly around the world. Objective: to estimate the incidence rate for COVID-19, from March to December 2020 in each department in Colombia. Methodology: this research was developed using the database of people infected by COVID-19 with the information collected over the period between March 6 2020 and December 31 2020 in each department in Colombia. Results: the highest cumulative incidence (CI) of confirmed COVID-19 cases was reported in Bogota 6.084%, Quindío 4.257%, Antioquia 3.917%, San Andres 3.487%, Caqueta 3.654% and Atlantico 3.452%. The departments with the lowest CI are: Arauca 1.555%, Magdalena 1.493%, Guajira 1.466%, Cauca 1.254% and Vichada 1.018%. Conclusions: the frequency of cases, cumulative incidence, across the 33 departments of Colombia, was heterogeneous. These results contribute to understand the epidemiological behavior of the disease in all age groups of the population of the departments included in this study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Disease , Incidence , Pandemics
14.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 10-15, 2021. graf.
Article in English, Spanish | COLNAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1255425

ABSTRACT

Introducción: : la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es una enfermedad respiratoria aguda infecciosa producida por un nuevo coronavirus. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) fue conocedora de casos de neumonía de etiología microbiana desconocida asociados con la ciudad de Wuhan, provincia de Hubei, China, el 31 de diciembre de 2019. Objetivo: presentar la tendencia de la enfermedad COVID-19, un año después de registrarse el primer caso de contagio en Colombia. Metodología: el trabajo de investigación se realizó mediante un enfoque cuantitativo. Resultados: se calcularon las tasas de letalidad por COVID-19 por meses en Colombia, se apreció que el mes con mayor porcentaje de letalidad por cada 100 habitantes está en primer lugar abril 2020 con una tasa de 4,71%, y febrero 2021 con 3,68%. Para el caso de la incidencia se determinó que el mes con mayor tasa de porcentaje se ubicó en el mes de enero 2021 con 0,884% y diciembre 2020 con 0,664%. En la otra medida epidemiológica de la prevalencia, se fijó que los meses con mayor tasa de porcentaje se ubicó en 2021: enero 4,1%, y febrero con un 4,41%. Conclusión: la letalidad, la incidencia y prevalencia de la enfermedad COVID-19 en Colombia ha tenido una serie de fluctuaciones durante su primer registro de contagio en nuestro país, ahora, con el inicio de la vacunación se genera un espacio para disminuir las tasas de contagio y letalidad.


Introduction: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus. The World Health Organization (WHO) was aware of cases of pneumonia of unknown microbial etiology associated with the city of Wuhan, province of Hubei, China, on December 31 2019. Objective: to present the trend of COVID-19 disease one year after the first positive case was registered in Colombia. Methodology: this research work was carried out using a quantitative approach. Results: the monthly lethality rates for COVID-19 in Colombia were estimated. The highest lethality rate per 100 inhabitants occurred in April 2020 4.71%, in the first place, and in February 2021 3.68%. The highest incidence was reported in the months of January 2021 0.884% and December 2020 0.664%. The highest prevalence, the other epidemiological measure, was reported in early 2021 in the months of: January 4.1%, and February 4.41%. Conclusion: COVID-19 disease lethality, incidence and prevalence in Colombia have had a series of fluctuations since the first case was confirmed in our country. Now, as vaccination has begun, it offers the possibility of reducing contagion and mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , COVID-19 , Incidence , Prevalence , Mortality , Coronavirus Infections , Pandemics
15.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 16-20, 2021. graf.
Article in English, Spanish | COLNAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1255473

ABSTRACT

Introducción: : El síndrome respiratorio agudo severo por coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), el virus que origina la enfermedad 2019 (COVID-19) se ha diseminado con rapidez por todo el mundo desde que surgió en Wuhan, China, a finales de 2019. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de positividad de muestras tomadas para SARS-CoV-2. Metodología: esta investigación se centró en las muestras de PCR y antígeno procesadas para COVID-19, con la información proveniente del Instituto Nacional de Salud en el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de enero a 31 de marzo 2021. Resultados: para la prueba de PCR en cada uno de los meses de enero a marzo 2021 en Colombia, se detalló que los días con mayor porcentaje de casos positivos fueron 12 de enero 56,3%, 7 de enero 44,9%, 6 de enero 45,1%, 5 de enero 43,7%, 2 de enero 38,1%, 24 de marzo 35,2%, y 26 de marzo con 31,3%. Para la prueba de antígeno en cada uno de los meses de enero a marzo 2021 en Colombia, se anota que los días con mayor porcentaje de casos positivos fueron 11 de enero 32,7%, 4 de enero 31,0%, 15 de enero 28,9%, 18 de enero 22,4%, 22 de marzo 21,1%, 28 de marzo 20,7%, y 17 de febrero 20,1%. Conclusión: hay que continuar la búsqueda activa de contagiados a través de la práctica de mayor número de pruebas de PCR, antígeno viral y molecular, la última con un alto nivel de precisión por parte de las EPS, y que a su vez aceleren el proceso de entrega de resultados.


Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world since it emerged in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. Objective: to describe the positivity rates of samples tested for SARS-CoV-2. Methodology: the research focused on PCR and antigen tests processed for COVID-19, using the information released by the National Institute of Health between January 1 and March 31 2021. Results: the highest positivity rate for PCR testing for each month between January to March 2021 in Colombia was found on the following days: January 12: 56.3%, January 7: 44.9%, January 6: 45.1%, January 5: 43.7%, January 2: 38.1%, March 24: 35.2% and March 26: (31.3%. The days with the highest percentage of positive cases found by antigen testing for each month from January to March 2021 in Colombia, were January 11: 32.7%, January 4: 31.0%, January 15: 28.9%, January 18: 22.4%, March 22: 21.1%, March 28: 20.7% and February 17: 20.1%. Conclusion: an active search of infected people must be continued through the practice of a greater number of PCR and viral antigen and molecular tests. The latter has been reported by the EPS to show very high accuracy, which accelerates the result delivery process.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , COVID-19/diagnosis , Analysis of Variance , Colombia , Correlation of Data , COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19 Serological Testing/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/transmission
16.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 30-34, 2021. Ilus.
Article in English, Spanish | COLNAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1255475

ABSTRACT

Introducción: una de las expectativas que tenemos actualmente es colocar vacunas seguras y efectivas para suministrar a la población. Con estas vacunas se intenta conseguir la inmunidad colectiva que permita quebrar la cadena de transmisión. Hay que tener estrategias de vacunación frente al COVID-19 teniendo en cuenta la disponibilidad progresiva de dosis, es necesario realizar un ejercicio de priorización atendiendo a principios éticos y criterios de riesgo. Objetivo: comparar si hay diferencias en los promedios de vacunación por cada 100 personas para COVID-19 entre los diferentes países de América. Materiales y métodos: se utilizó la base de datos de la vacunación con la información acumulada al 7 de mayo 2021. Se realizó a partir del análisis estadístico de los datos aplicando el análisis de varianza, se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS v.25. Resultados: a partir del análisis estadístico de los datos aplicando el análisis de varianza el p-valor de la prueba para la variable de vacunación es de 0,000, en este caso es menor a α =0.05, de esta manera se rechaza Ho, es decir la prueba de análisis de varianza nos indica que hay diferencias significativas entre la vacunación contra COVID-19 para los diferentes países de América. Conclusiones: el panorama ante la vacunación contra el COVID-19 a nivel de América es bastante preocupante, pues hay varios países con un bajísimo nivel de vacunación, esto se puede deber a que no sea una prioridad para todos los países, especialmente para los que tienen una baja densidad de población y no se estén presentando un gran número de contagios y muertes.


Introduction: one of our current expectations is to supply safe and effective vaccines to be administered to the population. The endpoint is achieving herd immunity through vaccination in order to break the chain of transmission. COVID 19 vaccination strategies expanding access to vaccine doses are necessary. Prioritization on the basis of ethical principles and risk criteria is required. Objective: to compare whether there are differences in COVID 19 vaccination rates per 100 people among the different countries of the Americas. Materials and methods: the vaccination database with the information collected to May 7 2021 was used. An analysis of variance test was applied using the SPSS v.25 statistical package. Results:the p-value obtained in the statistical analysis of variance test for the vaccination variable was 0.000, which is less than α=0.05, therefore, the hypothesis (Ho) is rejected, which means, the analysis of variance test indicates there are significant differences in COVID-19 vaccination in the different countries of America. Conclusions: the outlook for COVID-19 vaccination in the Americas is quite worrying, as there are several countries with very low vaccination rates, maybe due to the fact vaccination is not a priority for all countries, especially for those with low population density, who are not experiencing high COVID 19 infection and death rates.


Subject(s)
Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use , COVID-19/prevention & control , Americas , Analysis of Variance
17.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 35-40, 2021. Ilus., tab.
Article in English, Spanish | COLNAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1255476

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en diciembre de 2019, en la ciudad de Wuhan, provincia de Hubei en China, se produjo un brote de casos de neumonía de origen desconocido, enfermedad denominada, al presente, COVID-19. El SARS-CoV-2 se trasfiere por contacto persona a persona y a través de secreciones de personas infectadas, principalmente gotitas respiratorias. Objetivo: mostrar si hay alguna correlación de las pruebas PCR y antígeno para COVID-19 y los contagios por COVID-19 entre el periodo comprendido entre 1 de enero a 22 de abril 2021. Metodología: esta investigación se centró en las muestras de PCR y antígeno procesadas para COVID-19 y el número de contagios con la información proveniente del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Resultados: el p-valor de las pruebas, para las variables muestras de PCR y antígeno, y contagios por COVID-19 que es de 0,000, es menor a α=0.01, de esta manera se acepta Ha, es decir la prueba de correlación de Pearson nos indica que existe relación entre las pruebas PCR y antígeno para COVID-19 y el número de contagios por COVID-19. Conclusión: el uso de pruebas PCR y antígeno se relacionan con el número de contagios por COVID-19, es decir, que en la medida que aumentan los valores de pruebas PCR y antígeno también aumentan los casos de contagio por COVID-19 y viceversa.


Introduction: On December 2019, there was an outbreak of cases of unknown origin pneumonia, detected in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China, currently known as COVID-19 disease. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted from person to person contact and through secretions of infected persons, mainly respiratory droplets. Objective: to show if there is any correlation of PCR and antigen testing for COVID-19 and COVID-19 infections between January 1 and April 22 2021. Methodology: this research focused on the PCR and antigen samples processed for COVID-19 and the number of infections, using the data released by the National Institute of Health. Results: the p-value of the tests for variables PCR and antigen samples, and COVID-19 infections, which is 0.000, is less than α=0.01, thus the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, that is Pearson ́s correlation indicates there is a relationship between PCR and antigen tests for COVID-19 and the number of COVID-19 infections. Conclusion: the use of PCR and antigen tests is related with the number of COVID-19 infections, that is, as the values of PCR and antigen tests increase, the number of COVID-19 infections also increase and vice versa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Correlation of Data , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/transmission , Colombia , COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing , COVID-19 Serological Testing , SARS-CoV-2/immunology
18.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 41-45, 2021. ilus., tab.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1361393

ABSTRACT

Introducción: desde la identificación de los primeros casos de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) originada por el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) en diciembre 2019, la pandemia resultante ha dado lugar a más de 130 millones de casos confirmados y más de 2,8 millones de muertes en todo el mundo a 6 de abril 2021. Objetivo: mostrar si hay alguna correlación de los contagios por COVID-19 y la vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2, entre el 17 de febrero al 17 de mayo de 2021. Metodología: la información se obtuvo de la página web del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, de los informes diarios de contagio y vacunación contra el COVID-19 entre el periodo comprendido entre el periodo mencionado. Resultados: el p-valor de las pruebas para las variables contagio y vacunación para COVID-19 es 0,000, menor de α =0.01, de esta manera se acepta Ha, es decir la prueba de correlación de Pearson nos indica que existe relación entre el número de contagios por COVID-19 y la vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2 en Colombia. Conclusión: a partir de la vacunación contra COVID-19 a mediados de febrero de 2021 en Colombia, no se ha evidenciado un registro de la disminución del número de contagios por COVID-19. Este estudio aporta los primeros datos del país sobre el impacto de la vacuna contra el SARS-COV-2 en la población.


Introduction: since the first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were identified in December 2019, the resulting pandemic has account for more than 130 million confirmed cases and more than 2.8 million deaths worldwide, as of April 6 2021. Objective: to show if there is a correlation between COVID-19 infections and SARS-COV-2 vaccination from February 17 to May 17 2021. Methodology: the information was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Protection website, based on COVID 19 infection and SARS-COV-2 vaccination daily reports for said period. Results: the p-value for the tests for COVID-19 infection and vaccination variables is 0.000, which is less than α =0.01, thus, the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, which means that the Pearson correlation test indicates that there is a relationship between the number of COVID-19 infections and vaccination against SARS-COV-2 in Colombia. Conclusion: since vaccination against COVID-19 was started in mid-February 2021 in Colombia, there has been no evidence of a decrease in the number of COVID-19 infections. This study provides the first data in the country on how the SARS-COV-2 vaccine impacts the population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Computer Communication Networks , Case Reports , COVID-19 Vaccines
19.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 46-50, 2021. tab.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1361394

ABSTRACT

Introducción: desde el brote inicial en Wuhan, China a finales de 2019, el SARS-CoV-2 se ha convertido en una pandemia mundial con más de 138 millones de infecciones y más de 3 millones de muertes, lo que repercute gravemente en la salud mental y la economía global. Objetivo: mostrar si hay alguna correlación de la tasa de letalidad por COVID-19 y la vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2 entre el periodo comprendido entre 17 de febrero a 4 de junio de 2021. Metodología: el trabajo de investigación se desarrolló mediante un tipo experimental, la información se obtuvo de la página web del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, de los informes diarios de fallecidos y vacunación contra el COVID-19 entre el periodo comprendido entre 17 de febrero a 4 de junio 2021. Resultados: el p-valor de las pruebas, para las variables tasa de letalidad y vacunación para COVID-19 es de 0,001, es menor a α =0.01, de esta manera se acepta Ha, es decir la prueba de correlación de Pearson nos indica que existe relación entre el número de la tasa de letalidad por COVID-19 y la vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2 en Colombia. Conclusión: se considera de vital importancia establecer la ampliación de la cobertura a un 100% para los grupos de riesgo, la inclusión de estos nuevos grupos objetivos en conjunto con la ampliación de la cobertura de vacunación, lo cual hace necesaria la adquisición de nuevas dosis adicionales para combatir el SARS-COV-2 en Colombia.


Introduction: since the initial outbreak in Wuhan, China in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic accounting for over 138 million deaths, severely impacting mental health and global economy. Objective: to show if there is any correlation between the COVID-19 death rate and SARS-COV-2 vaccination in the February 17 to June 4 2021 period. Methodology: an experimental research design was used. Data was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Protection website, including the deaths and COVID-19 vaccination daily report between February 17 and June 4 2021. Results: the p-value obtained in the tests for COVID-19 death rate and vaccination against SARS-COV-2 variables is 0.001, which is less than α =0.01, therefore, the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, which means the Pearson correlation test indicates there is a relation between COVID-19 death rate and SARS-COV-2 vaccination in Colombia. Conclusion: we consider it essential to achieve 100% coverage of the at-risk groups. The inclusion of this new target groups together with the expansion of vaccination coverage, makes it necessary to acquire new additional doses to combat SARS-COV-2 in Colombia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vaccines , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Organization and Administration , Computer Communication Networks , Pandemics
20.
Repert. med. cir ; 30(suplemento): 51-55, 2021. tab.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1361395

ABSTRACT

ntroducción: la rápida propagación del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) en todo el mundo y la enfermedad originada por el coronavirus 19 (COVID-19), ha provocado una pandemia mundial con demoledoras consecuencias sociales y económicas. Objetivo: mostrar si hay alguna correlación de los fallecidos por COVID-19 y la vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2 en el periodo comprendido entre el 17 de febrero al 27 de mayo de 2021. Metodología: el trabajo de investigación se desarrolló mediante un tipo experimental, la información se obtuvo de la página web del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de los informes diarios de fallecidos y vacunación contra el COVID-19, en el periodo mencionado. Resultados: el p-valor de las pruebas para las variables contagio y vacunación para COVID-19 es de 0,000 siendo menor de α =0.01, de esta manera se acepta Ha, es decir la prueba de correlación de Pearson nos indica que existe relación entre el número de fallecidos por COVID-19 y la vacunación contra el SARS-COV-2 en Colombia. Conclusión: a partir de la vacunación de la vacuna contra COVID-19 a mediados de febrero de 2021 en Colombia, no se ha evidenciado un registro de la disminución del número de fallecidos por COVID-19. Si bien se observó un aumento en el total de vacunados de febrero a mayo 2021, no hubo reducción de los casos de fallecidos en el mismo lapso. Ante los aspectos descritos, es posible plantear que la vacunación en Colombia en 2021 aún no ha llegado a ser una medida del todo efectiva.


Introduction: the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) worldwide and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a global pandemic with devastating social and economic consequences. Objective: to show if there is a correlation between COVID-19 related deaths and vaccination against SARS-COV-2 in the period from February 17 to May 27 2021. Methodology: an experimental research design was used. Data was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Protection website, based on the COVID-19 related deaths and vaccination daily reports, for said period. Results: the p-value obtained in the tests for COVID-19 infection and vaccination against SARS-COV-2 variables is 0.000, which is less than α =0.01, thus, the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, which means the Pearson correlation test indicates there is a relation between COVID-19 death rate and SARS-COV-2 vaccination in Colombia. Conclusion: since vaccination against COVID-19 begun in mid-February 2021 in Colombia, no decrease in the number of deaths due to COVID-19 has been evidenced. Although there has been an increase in the number of vaccinated persons from February to May 2021, there was no decrease in the death rate in the same period. Considering the above, we can suggest that vaccination in 2021 in Colombia has not yet become a fully effective measure


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vaccination , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Computer Communication Networks , Case Reports , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
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