ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Children diagnosed with attention deficit disorder (ADD) can present with different abnormalities in electrophysiological studies. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to compare brainstem auditory (short latency) evoked responses (BSAER) and long latency auditory evoked responses (LLAER) in school children with and without ADD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A normative study was carried out, 20 normal subjects were studied. All these patients underwent a study protocol including BSAER and LLAER. Eighteen school children diagnosed as ADD were included in the active group. Eighteen school children were selected as controls. All children from both groups underwent BSAER and LLAER. BSAER and LLAER results from both groups of patients were compared. RESULTS: Brainstem transmission was significantly longer in children with ADD. The latency of P300 was significantly longer in children with ADD. Also, mean amplitude of P300 was significantly decreased in children with ADD. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicates that school children with ADD show significant abnormalities in BSAER and LLAER. These electrophysiological procedures involving the auditory system can be useful for the diagnosis of children with ADD.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Child , Double-Blind Method , Electroencephalography , Evoked Potentials, Auditory , Female , Humans , Male , Probability , Reaction Time , Reference Values , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Myocardial perfusion imaging is an useful procedure in the evaluation of patients with coronary artery disease, Gated SPECT technique evaluates simultaneously perfusion and ventricular function, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), ventricular volumes and the transient ischemic dilatation of the left ventricle. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the normal ventricle volumes and the ejection fraction of the LV obtained automatically with the Gated SPECT in Mexican population. METHODS: 100 patients were studied with low likelihood for CAD. All of them were studied with Tc-99m Sestamibi Gated SPECT. We obtained automatically the LVEF, and the end diastolic and systolic left ventricular volumes. RESULTS: Myocardial perfusion, regional motion and systolic thickening were normal in all patients. We obtained the mean values of EF and end diastolic and systolic volumes. These values were lower in female. CONCLUSION: Tc-99m Sestamibi myocardial perfusion SPECT is an useful procedure, with high accuracy for the simultaneous evaluation of myocardial perfusion and ventricular function.
Subject(s)
Heart/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Ventricular Function/physiology , Coronary Circulation , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Gated SPECT is a useful technique to evaluate myocardial perfusion, wall motion abnormalities and wall thickening. There is not published experience in Latin-America using dual isotope rest Thallium-201/stress Tc-99m Tetrofosmin Gated SPECT. METHOD: We studied 27 patients with coronary artery disease. Coronary angiography was performed in all the patients. We used an injection at rest of 3 mCi of Thallium-201 followed by stress and the administration of 15 mCi of Tetrofosmin and Gated SPECT acquisition. Five days after, the patients were injected with 20 mCi of Sestamibi at stress, with a second Gated SPECT acquisition. Perfusion data were analyzed using 20 SPECT segment analysis. To study the wall motion, we divided the heart in 29 segments and every segment was scored using a 4 points scale (3 = normal, 2 = mild hipokinesia, 1 = severe hipokinesia, 0 = akinesia). RESULTS: The perfusion and wall motion segmental score agreement between stress Tc-99m tetrofosmin and stress Tc-99m sestamibi were 97% and 84% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Rest Thailium-201/stress Tc-99m Tetrofosmin Dual isotope Gated SPECT technique is a good protocol to assess simultaneous myocardial perfusion and wall motion. There is a good agreement of the results with the use of rest Thallium-201/stress Tc-99m Sestamibi Dual isotope Gated SPECT study.
Subject(s)
Coronary Circulation , Coronary Disease/diagnosis , Electrocardiography , Organophosphorus Compounds , Organotechnetium Compounds , Radiopharmaceuticals , Thallium Radioisotopes , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Ventricular Function , Adult , Aged , Exercise Test , Female , Gated Blood-Pool Imaging , Humans , Latin America , Male , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of Results , Rest , Time Factors , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of cardiac SPECT in the detection of coronary artery disease, and the relation with the site, number and severity of the angiographic lesions. METHOD: We studied 216 patients; with myocardial perfusion imaging with SPECT (T1-201 and/or Tc-99 Sestamibi) and coronary angiogram. We defined the localization of myocardial perfusion defects (anterior, inferior, septal, lateral or apex), and their correlation with coronary angiogram, based on the location, number and severity of coronary angiographic lesions. We considered significative coronary stenosis obstructions of 60% or more. RESULTS: Of the 216 patients studied, 181 (83.8%) were male and 35 (16.2%) female. Age ranged between 30 and 82 years; 143 males and 23 females had a previous myocardial infarction. The SPECT sensitivity for diagnosing ischemia of one, two and three vessel disease was 94%, 96% and 100%. The sensitivity for diagnosing disease in specific vascular territories was 91.6% for LAD 100% for RCA, 92.8% for CX and 100% for left main. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial perfusion imaging with SPECT has high sensitivity for diagnosing coronary artery disease. The sensitivity and specificity were more accurate in proximal anterior descending artery disease, left main and three-vessel coronary artery disease. We found correlation in the site, number and severity of the angiographic lesions and in myocardial perfusion defects.
Subject(s)
Coronary Disease/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Coronary Angiography , Diagnosis, Differential , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sensitivity and Specificity , Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi , Tomography, Emission-ComputedABSTRACT
Ketamine is an anaesthetic interacting with several neurotransmitters. Among others, ketamine exerts some cholinergic actions (ACh). This paper presents the results of studying the interaction of ketamine with ACh in two animal species. Atropine slightly increased the time of immobility produced by ketamine injections in rats. Meanwhile, neostigmine slightly decreased such immobility. Ketamine resulted similar in behavioral actions and shared some electroencephalographic (EEG) actions of scopolamine in cats. The most striking interaction consisted on an antagonism of ketamine on the action of anticholinesterase agents. In both species, ketamine blocked the EEG and the behavioral toxic effects of neostigmine and physostigmine. Notwithstanding, the anticholinesterase agents were unable in reducing the actions of ketamine. This partial cholinergic agonist action of ketamine support certain but limited use of the anesthetic against insecticidal anticholinesterase poisoning.
Subject(s)
Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Ketamine/pharmacology , Animals , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Cats , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/toxicity , Drug Interactions , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Female , Male , Neostigmine/antagonists & inhibitors , Neostigmine/toxicity , Physostigmine/antagonists & inhibitors , Physostigmine/toxicity , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
The Spanish translation of Form A of the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST) was administered to 50 schizophrenic (25 acute; 25 chronic) and 50 (25 = depressives; 25 = normals) nonschizophrenic residents of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Results suggest that this translation effectively discriminated between schizophrenics and non-schizophrenics on the WIST total score, time, and index. A cut-off of 25 on the WIST index correctly classified 98% of the schizophrenic volunteers.