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INTRODUCTION: Endoscopy plays a fundamental role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and becomes essential in diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and detection and management of complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organization (PANCCO) and the Inter-American Society of Endoscopy (SIED) appointed 22 Latin American experts in IBD to develop a consensus study using the modified Delphi method, based on the best available evidence. A working group of 22 members from 9 countries identified 15 topics and formulated 98 statements, who participated in 2 rounds of voting. It was defined as agreement of ≥80% of experts for each statement. RESULTS: After the voting of all the statements, 8 statements were obtained that did not reach 80% consensus among the participants, so the questions were reconsidered in the Coordinating Committee of the consensus with the participation of the expert reviewers of these questions and 7 final statements were voted again by all the experts in a second round and 1 was eliminated with consensus. After two rounds of voting, the experts reached consensus with literature review with the best available evidence, the most important issues were developed with scientific evidence supporting each of the statements around the topic of endoscopy in IBD. CONCLUSIONS: Consensus statements were developed and based on the best available evidence about endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Subject(s)
Delphi Technique , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Humans , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/standards , Crohn Disease/diagnosis , Latin America , Societies, Medical , ConsensusABSTRACT
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Endoscopy plays a fundamental role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and becomes essential in diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and detection and management of complications. Materials and methods: The Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organization (PANCCO) and the Inter-American Society of Endoscopy (SIED) appointed 22 Latin American experts in IBD to develop a consensus study using the modified Delphi method, based on the best available evidence. A working group of 22 members from 9 countries identified 15 topics and formulated 98 statements, who participated in 2 rounds of voting. It was defined as agreement of ≥80% of experts for each statement. Results: After the voting of all the statements, 8 statements were obtained that did not reach 80% consensus among the participants, so the questions were reconsidered in the Coordinating Committee of the consensus with the participation of the expert reviewers of these questions and 7 final statements were voted again by all the experts in a second round and 1 was eliminated with consensus. After two rounds of voting, the experts reached consensus with literature review with the best available evidence, the most important issues were developed with scientific evidence supporting each of the statements around the topic of endoscopy in IBD. Conclusions: Consensus statements were developed and based on the best available evidence about endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease.
ABSTRACT
In Colombia there are no data about perception of quality of life (QoL) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to determine the perception of QoL by means of the IBDQ-32 questionnaire in patients with IBD from a sample of patients from different referral centers. We carried out a cross-sectional study in adults with IBD in clinical remission, in outpatient follow-up, in 3 institutions in different cities, between June 2022 and November 2022, eligible subjects were identified, information was collected on different dates, about socio-demographic and clinical aspects, and the IBDQ-32 questionnaire was evaluated on one occasion. Descriptive and analytical analysis of the variables evaluated was performed. 80 patients, 70% women, mean age 38.5(range 18-72; SD 13.25) years. 67.5% ulcerative colitis (UC), 32.5% Crohn's disease (CD). Moderate QoL involvement (median 150 points, interquartile range118.3-181.5) was found in IBD, in UC median 151 (interquartile range120-174.75) points, while in CD 133 (interquartile range106.25-186.25) points. There was greater involvement in the systemic domain, with median 21 (interquartile range 15.8-27) points, and 18.5 (interquartile range 12.8-25.3) points, for UC and CD, respectively. The least affected corresponded to the digestive domain and social function, in median UC 48.5 (interquartile range 40-58.3), and 27(interquartile range 20.8-33); in median CD 43 (interquartile range 35.5-61.75) and 24.5(interquartile range 18-32.5), respectively. No statistically significant differences were found. This study provides unique information about QoL of patients with IBD in Colombia. It is necessary to continue reinforcing the accompaniment, support, and education of patients with IBD.
Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative , Crohn Disease , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Adult , Humans , Female , Male , Quality of Life , Cross-Sectional Studies , ColombiaABSTRACT
En Colombia no hay datos acerca de la percepción de la calidad de vida (CdV) en enfermedad infamatoria intestinal (EII). Se plantea como objetivo determinar la percepción de la CdV mediante el cuestionario IBDQ-32 en pacientes con EII a partir de una muestra de pacientes de diferentes centros de referencia. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en adultos, con EII en remisión clínica, en seguimiento ambulatorio, en 3 instituciones en diferentes ciudades, entre junio 2022 a noviembre 2022, se identificaron sujetos elegibles, se recolectó información en fechas distintas, acerca aspectos sociodemográficos y clínicos, se evaluó el cuestionario IBDQ-32 en una ocasión y se realizó análisis descriptivo y analítico de las variables evaluadas. Como resultado, se obtuvieron 80 pacientes, 70% mujeres, edad media 38,5 (rango18-72; SD 13,25) años. 67,5% colitis ulcerosa (CU), 32,5% enfermedad de Crohn (EC). Se encontró compromiso moderado de la CdV (mediana 150 puntos, rango-intercuartílico 118,3-181,5) en EII, en CU mediana 151 (rango-intercuartílico 120-174,75) puntos, mientras en EC 133(rango-intercuartílico 106,25-186,25) puntos. Hubo mayor afección en dominio sistémico, con medianas 21 (rango-intercuartílico 15,8-27) puntos, y 18,5 (rango-intercuartílico 12,8-25,3) puntos, para CU y EC, respectivamente. Y, los menos afectados correspondieron al dominio digestivo y función social, en CU medianas 48,5 (rango-intercuartílico 40-58,3), y 27 (rango-intercuartílico 20,8-33); en EC medianas 43 (rango-intercuartílico 35,5-61,75) y 24,5 (rango-intercuartílico 18-32,5), respectivamente. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Este estudio aporta información única acerca CdV de los pacientes con EII en Colombia. Se requiere seguir reforzando el acompañamiento, apoyo, y educación a los pacientes con EII.
In Colombia there are no data about perception of quality of life (QoL) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to determine the perception of QoL by means of the IBDQ-32 questionnaire in patients with IBD from a sample of patients from different referral centers. We carried out a cross-sectional study in adults with IBD in clinical remission, in outpatient follow-up, in 3 institutions in different cities, between June 2022 and November 2022, eligible subjects were identified, information was collected on different dates, about socio-demographic and clinical aspects, and the IBDQ-32 questionnaire was evaluated on one occasion. Descriptive and analytical analysis of the variables evaluated was performed. 80 patients, 70% women, mean age 38.5(range 18-72; SD 13.25) years. 67.5% ulcerative colitis (UC), 32.5% Crohn´s disease (CD). Moderate QoL involvement (median 150 points, interquartile range118.3-181.5) was found in IBD, in UC median 151 (interquartile range120-174.75) points, while in CD 133 (interquartile range106.25-186.25) points. There was greater involvement in the systemic domain, with median 21 (interquartile range 15.8-27) points, and 18.5 (interquartile range 12.8-25.3) points, for UC and CD, respectively. The least affected corresponded to the digestive domain and social function, in median UC 48.5 (interquartile range 40-58.3), and 27(interquartile range 20.8-33); in median CD 43 (interquartile range 35.5-61.75) and 24.5(interquartile range 18-32.5), respectively. No statistically significant differences were found. This study provides unique information about QoL of patients with IBD in Colombia. It is necessary to continue reinforcing the accompaniment, support, and education of patients with IBD.
ABSTRACT
Interleukin 17 (IL-17) inhibitors are approved for treating psoriasis, psoriatic arthropathy, and ankylosing spondylitis. IL-17 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, paradoxical events have been reported using selective IL-17 inhibitors such as secukinumab, whose pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Although the incidence of IBD in this group of patients is low, the risk could be reduced by carefully assessing risk factors such as family history, gastrointestinal symptoms, and fecal calprotectin before starting treatment.
Los inhibidores de interleucina 17 (IL-17) se encuentran aprobados para el tratamiento de psoriasis, artropatía psoriásica y espondilitis anquilosante. La IL-17 se encuentra involucrada en la patogenia de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII); sin embargo, hasta la fecha se han reportado eventos paradójicos con el uso inhibidores selectivos de IL-17 como el secukinumab, cuyos mecanismos fisiopatológicos no han sido del todo aclarados. Aunque la incidencia de EII en este grupo de pacientes es baja, el riesgo podría disminuirse mediante una evaluación cuidadosa de factores de riesgo tales como historia familiar, síntomas gastrointestinales y la realización de calprotectina fecal previo al inicio del tratamiento.
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Resumen La proctocolectomía total con reservorio ileal es el procedimiento quirúrgico de elección para la colitis ulcerativa refractaria (CUR) al tratamiento médico y la reservoritis es la complicación más frecuente y puede afectar hasta al 50% de los pacientes en los primeros 5 años del procedimiento. Aunque la etiología no está bien establecida, su presentación podría estar relacionada con disbiosis como resultado de la estasis fecal en individuos genéticamente susceptibles y con una respuesta inmunitaria alterada. Los síntomas típicos de reservoritis como diarrea, dolor abdominal, tenesmo, urgencia, incontinencia fecal y, menos frecuentemente, sangrado rectal no son específicos y el diagnóstico debe confirmarse mediante una evaluación endoscópica e histológica. La infección por citomegalovirus es infrecuente como causa de reservoritis; sin embargo, debe considerarse en pacientes con reservoritis refractaria al manejo antibiótico inicial. Las pruebas diagnósticas incluyen pruebas serológicas como la medición de anticuerpos, antigenemia y proteína C-reactiva (PCR) en sangre. El tratamiento de elección es el ganciclovir, medicamento de administración endovenosa que puede inducir complicaciones graves como mielosupresión, neutropenia y trombocitopenia. Se recomienda el seguimiento endoscópico posterior al tratamiento para asegurar la cicatrización mucosa, especialmente cuando hay sospecha de enfermedad de Crohn o compromiso del asa aferente en la endoscopia inicial.
Abstract Total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch is the surgical procedure of choice for ulcerative colitis refractory to medical treatment, and pouchitis is the most frequent complication. It can affect up to 50% of patients in the first five years of the procedure. Although the etiology is not well established, its manifestation could be related to dysbiosis resulting from fecal stasis in genetically susceptible individuals with altered immune responses. Typical symptoms of pouchitis, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, tenesmus, urgency, fecal incontinence, and, less commonly, rectal bleeding, are nonspecific, and the diagnosis must be confirmed by endoscopic and histologic examination. Cytomegalovirus infection is an infrequent cause of pouchitis; however, it should be considered in patients with pouchitis refractory to initial antibiotic management. Diagnostic tests include serological tests such as the measurement of antibodies, antigenemia, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in blood. The treatment of choice is ganciclovir, an intravenous drug that can induce severe complications such as myelosuppression, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Post-treatment endoscopic follow-up is recommended to ensure mucosal healing, especially when there is suspicion of Crohn's disease or involvement of the afferent loop on initial endoscopy.
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Colombia es un país golpeado por la violencia, siendo afectados de manera variable todos sus departamentos. Dentro del trauma cervical vascular, la lesión de la arteria vertebral es infrecuente con respecto a otras lesiones; sin embargo, es un problema al que se le debe tener gran consideración por su difícil diagnóstico y abordaje quirúrgico cuando es necesario. El propósito de este artículo fue hacer una revisión de la literatura científica con respecto al tema y presentar un caso atendido en el Hospital de Caldas.
Colombia is a country affected by violence, and this scourge strikes in varying degrees in all the states of the nation. Within the field of cervical trauma, vertebral artery injury is rare as compared with other injuries; however, it is a problem for which we must have high regard for its difficult diagnosis and surgical approach. The aim of this article was to review the scientific literature and to report a case treated at the Hospital de Caldas in the city of Manizales, Colombia.
Subject(s)
Neck Injuries , Vascular System Injuries , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Vertebral Artery , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
Introducción. El trauma es una epidemia mundial que afecta más a la población joven y económicamente activa de los países de medio y bajo ingreso per cápita. La hemorragia es responsable de una alta proporción de muertes por trauma, especialmente durante el primer día.Materiales y métodos. CRASH2 es un ensayo clínico, multicéntrico, doble ciego, controlado y aleatorio, sobre un medicamento fibrinolítico para disminuir las transfusiones, las cirugías y la mortalidad en pacientes con trauma y hemorragia significativa. Este trabajo compara aspectos demográficos y clínicos de la población participante en Colombia, con el resto del mundo. Como el estudio está en curso, no se puede levantar el ciego y no se comparan los grupos de tratamiento. Se calcula que se complete la cantidad planeada de pacientes en diciembre del 2009 y se puedan emitir conclusiones definitivas a mediados del 2010.Resultados. La proporción de hombres es mayor en Colombia; hay mayor proporción de trauma penetrante y menor de trauma craneoencefálico; los pacientes son más jóvenes, consultan más temprano, ingresan a la unidad de cuidados intensivos con menor frecuencia y la mortalidad es menor que en el resto del mundo. La mayoría no tiene hipotensión, aunque hay prolongación del llenado capilar; ambas variables se asocian con mortalidad. La mayoría son transfundidos en proporción similar en Colombia y el resto del mundo; la transfusión se asocia con mayor mortalidad. La incidencia de complicaciones trombóticas es similar en ambos grupos geográficos.Discusión. Los participantes del estudio CRASH2 son similares en Colombia y el resto del mundo; el tipo de trauma y la mortalidad son distintos, lo que refleja la violencia que hay en Colombia. Los megaestudios clínicos son posibles y necesarios para contestar preguntas médicas relevantes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hemorrhage , Intraoperative Complications , Mortality , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Multiple Trauma , Tranexamic Acid , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
El proceso de la enseñanza de medicina y especialmente en el área de la cirugía general, ha basado tradicionalmente la construcción del conocimiento en la labor todopoderosa y autoritaria de un docente sin permitir en la mayorÃa de las veces una participación activa del estudiante. El siguiente articulo de reflexión trata de hacer una descripción de las diferentes maneras de abordar este proceso y concluir con una proposición que pueda subsanar algunos de las debilidades de los modelos planteados anteriormente. Hace parte además del proyecto Lúdica en el Internado Quirúrgico desarrollado por el autor en su labor como catedrático de la Universidad de Manizales y se concibió como ensayo concluyente del Diplomado de Docencia Universitaria del Primer Semestre del 2007.