ABSTRACT
Las micobacterias constituyen un grupo de bacilos aeróbicos no capsulados y no móviles, algunos de los cuales son patógenos causantes de graves enfermedades en los mamíferos incluyendo tuberculosis y lepra. Chile, a pesar de pertenecer al grupo de países de baja prevalencia de tuberculosis en América, presentó un enlentecimiento en la curva de descenso de incidencia. Así mismo, se ha visto un aumento de micobacterias atípicas tanto en muestras pulmonares como extrapulmonares respecto a décadas anteriores. Por otra parte, las infecciones por micobacterias adquieren importancia en otorrinolaringología dado que la tuberculosis de cabeza y cuello representa alrededor del 10% a 35% de los casos de tuberculosis, siendo su localización más frecuente los ganglios linfáticos. La siguiente revisión abarcará los cuadros de infecciones por micobacterias en otorrinolaringología, sus manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento.
Mycobacteriums are a group of aerobic non-capsuled and non-mobile bacillus some of which can cause diseases in mammals such as tuberculosis and leprosy. Chile, despite belonging to the group of countries with low prevalence of tuberculosis in America, presented a slowing in the decline in incidence curve. At the same time there has been an increase in atypical mycobacterium in pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples, comparedto past decades. On the other hand infections by mycobacterium become important because the head and neck tuberculosis accounts for about 10%-35% of cases of tuberculosis, the most common site being the lymph nodes. The following review will cover mycobacterial infections in otolaryngology clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/microbiology , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/epidemiology , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/therapy , Mycobacterium/classification , Mycobacterium Infections/therapy , Mycobacterium Infections/epidemiologyABSTRACT
An important frontier in the administration of therapeutic drugs to veterinary species is the use of different polymers as drug delivery platforms. The usefulness of polymers as platforms for the administration of pharmaceutical and agricultural agents has been clearly recognized in the recent decades. The chemical versatility of polymers and the wide range of developed controlled-release strategies enhance the possibilities for the formulation of active molecules. In particular, the veterinary area offers opportunities for the development of novel controlled-release drug delivery technologies adapted to livestock or companion animal health needs. In some cases, it also allows to improve profitability in meat production or to meet the safety criteria related to drug residues. A number of factors affect the selection of polymers and subsequent properties of the controlled-release drug delivery system. However, their selection also dictates the release kinetics of the drug from the delivery system. Such choices are therefore crucial as they affect the success and potential of the delivery system for achieving the therapeutic goals of the veterinarian. It is the intention of this review to give an overview of the most relevant polymers, which are used or have been tested as drug delivery release rate modifiers in the veterinary field. The article highlights some recent developments focusing on their advantages and applications and analyzes the future direction of the scientific and technological advancements in this area.
Subject(s)
Polymers/chemistry , Veterinary Drugs/administration & dosage , Veterinary Medicine/methods , Animals , Dosage FormsABSTRACT
El tórax móvil es una entidad poco frecuente en niños debido a la mayor elasticidad de la pared costal comparado con adultos. Se presenta una niña de 20 meses que ingresa a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, quien embestida por un automóvil, sufrió un politraumatismo severo con tórax móvil. Se realiza una revisión de esta entidad en la literatura
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Thoracic Injuries , ThoraxABSTRACT
El tórax móvil es una entidad poco frecuente en niños debido a la mayor elasticidad de la pared costal comparado con adultos. Se presenta una niña de 20 meses que ingresa a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, quien embestida por un automóvil, sufrió un politraumatismo severo con tórax móvil. Se realiza una revisión de esta entidad en la literatura