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Thumb distal amputation refers to the loss of a portion of the thumb at or near the tip, which can be caused by various injuries such as crush injuries, lacerations, or avulsions. Several surgical methods can be used to repair thumb distal amputations, including composite graft, flap reconstruction, replantation, and amputation revision. In this case report, we describe a successful surgical procedure performed on three healthy men (19, 26, and 44 years old) who suffered a sharp amputation of their left and right hands thumb. In one case initial fixation of the amputated part was performed by a general orthopedic surgeon as a composite graft, two other cases were referred us without any procedure. The procedure involved irrigation and minimal debridement and deepithelializing the amputated part and fixation it with one or two 1.5 mm steinman pins and repairing the nail bed with7/0 absorbable sutures. An adiposofaciocutaneous flap from the index finger was used to cover the pulp of the thumb and the nail bed, while a full-thickness grafts from the same wrist in one case and medial part of ipsilateral arm in others were used to repair the defect on the dorsal side of the index finger. The wound was dressed, and the sutures were removed after two weeks. The base of the flap was detached from the index finger after three weeks, and the kwires were removed after six weeks. The flap and graft were successfully taken, except for a small part of the tip of the thumb. Two years after the operation, in two patients and 3 months in whom was operated recently, all the patient's thumbs had a reasonable shape and length with minimal nail deformity. The use of an index finger based adiposofaciocutaneous flap and full-thickness graft in these cases allowed for successful reconstruction of the thumb and, improving both function and appearance.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the results of endoscopic ureterocele treatments as well as the effects of ureterocele location (intravesical vs. ectopic) and anatomy (single vs. duplicated system) on treatment outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Following the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards, several medical databases as well as Google Scholar were searched comprehensively. Studies describing secondary operation outcomes for endoscopic transurethral incision and puncture were included. Studies were required to compare patients according to ureterocele location (intravesical or ectopic) and anatomy (single or duplex system) or preoperative reflux. Meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS: A total of 83 studies entered this systematic review consisting of 3022 patients. According to the meta-analysis of 16 studies, the risk ratio (RR) of reoperation after ureterocele incision was significantly higher in patients with ectopic vs. intravesical ureteroceles (RR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.89-3.11; P < 0.001; I2: 14.89%). Also, a higher reoperation rate was reported in patients with duplex system ureteroceles (DSU) vs. single system ureteroceles (SSU) with little heterogeneity based on 9 studies. (RR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.60-3.91; P < 0.001; I2: 13.83%). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that ectopic ureteroceles and duplex systems are associated with higher reoperation rates after endoscopic procedures.
Subject(s)
Ureterocele , Ureteroscopy , Child , Humans , Ureterocele/surgery , Ureteroscopy/methodsABSTRACT
Key Clinical Message: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is a rare neoplasm which often presents as a lytic lesion in the epiphyseal region of long bones and which are usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and restricted movement. Abstract: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is a rare neoplasm that affects individuals in their third and fourth decades of life. Clinically, it often presents as a lytic lesion in the epiphyseal region of bones, notably the distal femur and proximal tibia. Radiologically, GCT appears as a distinct lytic lesion in the epiphyseal region. Histopathologically, GCTs are composed of mononuclear cells, macrophages, and multinuclear giant cells, indicative of osteoclastogenic stromal tumors. A 37-year-old man presented with left wrist pain, swelling, and restricted movement persisting for a year, worsening over the last 7 months. Radiographic assessments revealed a distal radius bone mass involving the radiocarpal joint. Biopsy confirmed a GCT with extension into peripheral muscle. PET/CT scan showed localized pathology without metastasis. Histopathologically, GCT exhibited multinucleated giant cells, spindle cells, and aneurysmal bone cyst-like regions with coagulation necrosis. Surgical resection involved en-bloc removal and reconstruction with a non-vascularized radius bone graft. Postoperatively, the patient showed no complications at the one-year follow-up, suggesting successful intervention.
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Key Clinical Message: The modified nail folding approach, a new surgical technique, has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of subungual glomus tumors, providing clinicians with a new treatment option for patients with this condition. Abstract: Glomus tumors (GTs) are rare benign tumors that originate from the glomus body in the skin of the fingertips, toes, and nail beds. GTs are more prevalent in women than in men and can occur sporadically or as part of an inherited condition known as multiple GTs. The exact cause of GTs is unknown, but it is believed that mutations in the cells of the glomus body contribute to their development. In this study, we present the efficacy of a novel surgical technique called the modified nail folding approach for treating subungual GTs. We report a case series involving 17 patients who underwent the nail folding approach for surgical removal of subungual GTs. The primary objective of this article is to provide evidence supporting the safety and effectiveness of this technique. Additionally, we aim to introduce clinicians to a new, secure, and efficient treatment option for patients with subungual GTs.
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Osteochondromas (OCs) are developmental anomalies that originate from the periosteum and typically form during enchondral ossification near the joints. Retro-patellar OC caused by exostosis forms in various intracapsular, intra-tendon, and joint-adjacent positions within the knee joint. In this case, a 19-year-old male presented with swelling and a mass in his left knee, which raised suspicion of bone tumors. After evaluating x-ray images and conducting histopathological examinations, the diagnosis was confirmed as retro-patellar OC.
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BACKGROUND: A temporary loop ileostomy is one of the most common methods for the prevention of anastomotic leakage in rectal cancer patients who underwent low anterior resection. However, the optimal timing of loop ileostomy reversal remains unknown. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the debilitating complications caused by early closure of ileostomy in comparison with late closure in rectal cancer patients. DESIGN: A randomized, controlled, unblinded, and monocentric trial. METHODS: A total of 104 rectal cancer patients were randomly assigned to the case group of early closure of ileostomy (n = 50) and the control group of late closure of ileostomy (n = 54). This trial was undertaken in a single colorectal institution, a university-affiliated teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. Randomization and allocation to the trial group were conducted by using variable block randomization based on quadruple numbers. The primary endpoint of this trial was determined by the complications of early ileostomy closure versus those of late closure in rectal cancer patients who had undergone low anterior resection. In early closure, loop ileostomy is reversed 2-3 weeks after the first two courses of adjuvant chemotherapy, while in late closure, the ileostomy is reversed 2-3 weeks after the last course of adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: Follow-up of 1 year demonstrated a reduction in the risk of complications and an improved quality of life in patients with rectal cancer following low anterior resection and chemotherapy (neoadjuvant and adjuvant) in the case group but did not reach a significant difference (p = 0.555). In addition, there was no significant difference in perioperative outcomes, such as blood loss, operative time, readmission, and reoperation; also, no statistically significant differences were reported between the groups in patients' quality of life or LARS score. CONCLUSION: In summary, it seems that early closure of ileostomy is not better than late closure in improving patients' quality of life with rectal cancer following low anterior resection and chemotherapy (neoadjuvant and adjuvant); no statistical difference was observed for reduction of risk of ostomy complications. Thus, neither of these methods (early closure versus late closure) is superior to the other, and controversy still exists. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE OF REGISTRATION: IRCT20201113049373N1.
Subject(s)
Ileostomy , Neoplasms , Humans , Hospitals, University , Iran , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
Key Clinical Message: Intramuscular myxoma (IMM) is a benign soft tissue tumor of mesenchymal origin that occurs mainly in skeletal muscles which can be removed through surgery after diagnosis. Abstract: Intramuscular myxoma (IMM) is a benign soft tissue tumor of mesenchymal origin that typically occurs in skeletal muscles. Its diagnosis is based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic evaluation of the lesion. In our report, we describe the case of a 60-year-old female with an IMM in the supinator muscle of the right forearm, which was confirmed by MRI and histopathologic examination. Following surgery to remove the mass, a follow-up confirmed the patient's recovery and the absence of movement limitations in the elbow joint.
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INTRODUCTION: Various techniques have been developed for the rapid control of bleeding as a potential surgical complication. Research shows that the Surgicel has a significant effect on reducing bleeding in most surgeries; however, in our experimental observations on patients undergoing open prostatectomy, not only no significant reduction was seen in the amount of bleeding, but in some cases, Surgicel led to infection. Therefore, in this study, the effect of the Surgicel on infection and bleeding in open prostatectomy was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing open prostatectomy were randomly divided into two groups. To control bleeding after suturing the bladder neck, the Surgicel was installed in the first group, while it was not in the second group. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, PT, PTT, INR, bleeding rate, and postoperative complications were evaluated in all patients. RESULTS: In the studied groups, hemoglobin level and hematocrit percentage before surgery and on the first and second days after surgery, along with coagulation status, were compared in terms of PT, PTT, and INR. There were no significant differences between the studied variables and baseline variables. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that the Surgicel in open prostatectomy was ineffective in controlling bleeding and can lead to infection.
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INTRODUCTION: Considering that the use of aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of infertile men is a new approach and obesity in men is one of the factors affecting infertility, we decided to compare the effect of combined therapy of Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and Letrozole and either of the two methods alone on the spermogram parameters in obese men with idiopathic infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This clinical trial study was performed with the participation of 15 infertile and obese men from 2018 to 2019 in Tabriz (infertility clinics); Patients were randomly divided into three groups; The first group received treatment with Letrozole 2.5 mg daily alone, the second group received treatment with HCG ampoules at a dose of 5000 units twice a week, and the third group received combination therapy with HCG ampoules at a dose of 5000 units twice a week and letrozole tablets at a dose of 2.5 mg daily; The results of testosterone and sperm tests before and after the intervention were evaluated by t-test and linear regression tests in SPSS21 software. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between semen indices and hormones studied before the intervention (P < 0.05), while after the intervention there were statistically significant differences between all variables compared to those before the intervention (P < 0.05); Also, the rate of change in the third group was much more favorable than the other two groups. CONCLUSION: The combination of HCG ampules with letrozole tablets compared to the use of these drugs alone improved sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology.
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Infertility is defined as the failure to achieve a successful pregnancy after 12 months' sexual activity that affects 15%-17% of couples in the world and about 50% of them are related to female infertility factors. In this study, using the PRISMA checklist and MeSH keywords, 128 articles were extracted from various databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, WHO, Iranmedex, Science Direct, SID, and Google Scholar search engine) without language and time restrictions, and 128 articles were selected after eliminating duplicate studies. In this review, we present some solid evidence for role of herbal medicine in the treatment of female infertility. The results of this study showed that different parts of some plants are rich in polyphenolic compounds (isoflavones and flavonoids) and other compounds which are beneficial to in reproductive health in women. The compounds in these plants, along with regulating the female endocrine pathways, and improving symptoms of menopause, treat female reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), endometriosis, hyperprolactinemia, and hypothalamic dysfunction; moreover, because of their anticancer, antioxidant, and antidepressant properties, they can be used in traditional medicine or in the pharmaceutical industry as safe compounds in women's health.
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PURPOSE: Echinococcosis is one of the most important parasitic zoonotic diseases around the world. Echinococcus granulosus is the most widespread species of the genus Echinococcus that can develop cysts in different parts of the body. We tried to present a case of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis. METHODS: Here, we report a rare case of two ruptured and intact cysts in a 54-year-old woman with weakness, lethargy, body pain, stomachache, dizziness, and vision problems. RESULTS: According to the patient's manifestations and imaging findings, besides the COVID-19 pandemic, she was suspected of having COVID-19 and tuberculosis. However, when the aspirated sample was stained, hooklets of E. granulosus were observed. Surgical removal and chemotherapy were used for treatment. CONCLUSION: Treatment of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis is based on surgery, but, along with it, the chemotherapy makes a better prognosis.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cysts , Echinococcus granulosus , Animals , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , ZoonosesABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effect of Heracleum persicum L. against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Methods:Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups including control (normal saline), gentamicin (80 mg/kg/d for 10 d), Heracleum persicum (750 mg/kg/d), and gentamicin (10 d) + Heracleum persicum extract at three different doses (250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/d for 40 d). Urine creatinine, urea, protein, and albumin levels were determined. In addition, serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), glutathione peroxidase activity, total antioxidant capacity, kidney malondialdehyde, stereological parameters, and expressions of apoptosis-related genes (p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) were measured. The LD50 of Heracleum persicum extract was determined based on Lorke's method. Histopathological evaluation was also performed. Results:In addition to decreased urine protein and albumin, and increased creatinine and urea, co-treatment with gentamicin and Heracleum persicum significantly reduced levels of creatinine and urea, and increased sodium and potassium in serum. Heracleum persicum treatment also improved stereological parameters and serum inflammatory cytokines. There was a significant increase in serum glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity as well as a reduction in malondialdehyde level. Furthermore, treatment with Heracleum persicum extracts downregulated p53, caspase-3, and Bax and upregulated Bcl-2 expressions. In histopathological evaluation, Heracleum persicum extracts showed protection against gentamicin-induced renal damages. Conclusions:Heracleum persicum exhibits protective effects against gentamicin-induced structural and functional renal impairments.
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BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is the most important parasitic disease in Iran and is the third highest rate of rural cutaneous leishmaniasis in the world. Chitosan-polyethylene oxide nanocomposite fibers can be a suitable replacement for ordinary bandages. For the first time, in the absence of any published reports, the present in vitro study aimed to evaluate the anti-leishmanial effects of chitosan (CS)-polyethylene oxide (PEO)-berberine nanofibers on Leishmania major. METHODS: The present experimental study was conducted in 2018 in Tehran, Iran. The CS-PEO nanofibers containing berberine, as a natural anti-parasitic agent, were prepared using the electrospinning technique. Biocompatibility and fibroblast proliferation on nanofibers were investigated. In addition, the anti-leishmanial activity of CS-PEO nanofibers in both the promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania major was evaluated after parasite vital staining and MTT assay and compared to a control group. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 18.0). Statistically significant differences were determined using the one-way ANOVA. The Duncan and Dunnett post hoc tests were used for within-group comparisons. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The results showed that nanofiber scaffolds with a mean diameter of 77.5±19.5 nm were perfect, regular, bead-free, and non-toxic, on which fibroblast cells grew well and proliferated. In addition, the optical density indicated that berberine 20% (w/v) significantly prevented promastigotes growth (IC50=0.24 µg/mL) and amastigotes death (IC50=0.91 µg/mL) compared with other concentrations and the control group. CONCLUSION: The study on the cytotoxic effects showed that CS-PEO-berberine nanofibers had strong lethal effects on Leishmania major in promastigote and amastigote stages in vitro. Further studies are required to investigate the effects of this nanofiber on leishmanial ulcers in laboratory animals and clinical cases.
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OBJECTIVES: Rapid healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis as one of the most important parasitic diseases leads to the decrease of scars and prevention of a great threat to the looks of the affected people. Today, the use of nano-scaffolds is rapidly increasing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine with structures similar to the target tissue. Chitosan (CS) is a bioactive polymer with antimicrobial and accelerating features of healing wounds, which is commonly used in biomedicine. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CS/polyethylene oxide (PEO)/berberine (BBR) nanofibers on the experimental ulcers of Leishmania major in BALB/c mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CS/PEO/BBR nanofibers were prepared by the electrospinning method, and their morphology was examined by SEM, TEM, and AFM. Then, water absorption, stability, biocompatibility, porosity, and drug release from nano-scaffolds were explored. Afterward, 28 BALB/c mice infected with the parasite were randomly divided into control and experimental groups, and their wounds were dressed with the produced nano-scaffolds. Finally, the effect of nanobandage on the animals was investigated by macroscopic, histopathologic, and in vivo imaging examinations. RESULTS: The prepared nanofibers were completely uniform, cylindrical, bead-free, and biocompatible with an average diameter of 94±12 nm and had appropriate drug release. In addition, the reduced skin ulcer diameter (P=0.000), parasite burden (P=0.003), changes in the epidermis (P=0.023), and dermis (P=0.032) indicated significantly strong effectiveness of the produced nano-scaffolds against leishmania ulcers. CONCLUSION: Studies showed that CS/PEO/BBR nanofibers have a positive effect on the rapid healing of leishmania ulcers. Future studies should focus on other chronic ulcers treatment.
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Unlike in mice, the function of pluripotent markers in early embryonic development of domestic animals remains to be elucidated and this may account for the failure to establish embryonic stem cell lines for these species. To study the functions of the OCT-4 protein which has important actions in maintenance of pluripotent and self-renewal processes during early embryonic development, there was induced reduction in relative abundance of OCT-4 mRNA transcript during goat early embryonic development by using RNA interference techniques. The injection of OCT-4 siRNA into goat IVF presumptive zygotes resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of OCT-4 mRNA transcript; however, there was development of these embryos to the blastocyst stage at the same rate as there was in the control group. The blastocysts from the treated groups had a similar number of TE, ICM, and total cells compared to those from the control group. Although there was a greater relative abundance of NANOG, REX1, and CDX2 mRNA transcript in the embryos injected with siRNA at the 8-16 cell stage, the relative transcript abundances were similar for the control and treatment groups at the blastocyst stage. The relative abundance of SOX2 mRNA transcript was similar for the treatment and control group. It, therefore, is concluded that inhibition of abundances of OCT-4 mRNA transcript to about 20 % of that of the untreated control group did not affect blastocyst formation rate in goats. The functions of OCT-4 in maintaining ICM and TE integrity, however, remains to be assessed.
Subject(s)
Embryonic Development/physiology , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology , Goats/embryology , Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism , Animals , Embryo Culture Techniques , Female , Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics , Pregnancy , RNA Interference , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolismABSTRACT
Hematobium species of this parasite tends to bladder and mesenteric arteries and it causes lesions in the bladder wall, urethra, and renal tubes. A 25-year-old man living in Tehran (a non-endemic and very rare area for schistosoma) suffers from symptoms such as hematuria with suprapubic pain, dysuria, fever, nausea and vomiting. Urine analysis showed a lot of red blood cells, after using cystoscopy of the area and receiving a bladder biopsy, a definitive diagnosis of schistosomiasis was made and after determining the extent of damage to the urinary tract, appropriate treatment with surgery and praziquantel (40 mg/kg) were prescribed.
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INTRODUCTION: Varicocele is a common problem with a high prevalence in population with primary and secondary infertilities. The adverse effects of varicocele on spermatogenesis and fertility are known, but the association between clinical varicocele and testosterone is not clear. Hence, we decided to evaluate the serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in patients with varicocele after varicocelectomy. METHODS: In this study, 100 patients with varicocele were divided into two groups: hypogonadal patients with testosterone level <280 ng/dL and eugonadal patients with testosterone level >280 ng/dL. The serum levels of testosterone, FSH, and LH were measured before surgery and 3 months after surgery, and the results were analyzed using the SPSS software. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Patients with varicocele after puberty till 50 years were divided into two groups: hypogonadal (testosterone <280 ng/dL) and eugonadal (testosterone >280 ng/dL) patients who required varicocelectomy. The mean testosterone level before surgery in hypogonadal patients was 215.22±83.31 ng/dL, which reached 326.95±35.125 ng/dL after surgery (P<0.0001), which was significant. There was no significant decrease in the mean FSH level, but there was a significant decrease in the mean LH level after varicocelectomy. In eugonadal group, testosterone level before surgery was 471.90±145.71 ng/dL, which reached 469.57±145.61 ng/dL after surgery, which was not significant. CONCLUSION: In our study, patients who underwent varicocelectomy had improved testosterone levels, so that this increase was more significant in hypogonadal patients than in eugonadal patients. Decrease in LH and FSH levels in all patients was seen after varicocelectomy, which can be due to increase in testosterone levels.
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BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections are major causative agents of wildlife health complications among different parts of the world. This study aimed to investigate the gastro-intestinal parasites in feces of the zoo animals based on parasitological and morphometric criteria. METHODS: One hundred fresh fecal samples were collected from 35 species of animal lived in Eram park zoo, Tehran, Central Iran during Oct 2015 to Jun 2015. All collected samples were examined by microscopic observation following direct wet mount preparation (normal saline and Lugol's iodine), formalin-ether concentration, and permanent staining. The morphometric aspects of the recovered eggs were surveyed with the aid of Camera Lucida (×400). RESULTS: 65.7% (23/35) of zoo animal species were infected with intestinal parasites. The superfamily Trichostrongyloidea (6/16) and Strongylus sp. (16/4) were the most prevalent helminthic infections, while Blastocystis sp. (6/14), Entamoeba cyst (3/14) and Eimeria sp. (3/14) were the common protozoan parasites. For the first time, Bivitellobilharzia nairi egg was identified an elephant at Iran. Intestinal parasitic infections were apparently circulating among animals of the Eram park zoo. CONCLUSION: Identified parasitic infections can consider as a threatening source to visitors and workers' health that have contact with animals or their feces. Therefore, the effectual preventive strategies should be addressed to determine the risk factors, mechanisms of cross-transmission of parasite, the importance of applying the hygienic practices and well adjusting deworming programs for the animals, zoo workers and visitors.
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The patient was a 51-year-old lady with left flank colicky pain accompanied with nausea and vomiting for a month. Transurethral lithotripsy and ureteral stent placement was considered for the patient. The patient had a narrow ureteral lumen and while bringing the ureteroscope out, ureteral avulsion occurred at a distance approximately 4 cm from ureteropelvic junction. After bringing the uretroscope out, the avulsed ureter was observed hanging at the tip of the ureteroscope. Anastomosis of the ureter to the bladder was accomplished with Lich-Gregoir technique. A drainage tube was inserted at the site of incision and the surgical wound closed. The patient was discharged with acceptable general condition after 3 days and the drainage tube removed. The ureteral stent was removed 4 weeks later by cystoscopy. An ultrasound imaging study of the genitourinary system 8 months into the patients follow up showed normal size, echo and cortical thickness in the operated kidney after renal autotransplantation.