ABSTRACT
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is the second most common subtype of lung cancer, accounting for a majority of lung cancer-related deaths. Detection or diagnosis of cancer at an early stage is an unmet clinical need that is being actively explored. In this study, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers for LUSC, by screening expression status of all human genes against LUSC patient samples available with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). This led to the identification of several genes that are upregulated in LUSC. Further analysis revealed that many of these genes also show higher expression at the protein level not only in lung cancer but also in other cancers. Additionally, some of these genes show stage-dependent higher expression and are associated with statistically significant poor survival of LUSC patients. As per our results, more than 60 genes are overexpressed in LUSC at the level of mRNA and some at the protein level. Thus, we identified genes such as MCC1, MRPL47, CRYGS, HSP40, DNAJC19, GMPS and PARL as novel potential biomarkers for LUSC in this study. We believe that these genes hold great potential as LUSC biomarkers for early detection as the data are derived from patient samples. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03489-z.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Blood donation has a remarkable safety record and most of the donors have a good experience or only mild symptoms after blood donation were noted. Although even a very low rate of reactions may have gloomy effect diminishing their fondness to donate again. The main aim of our study was to determine the incidence and to analyze how various donor demographic factors tend to be associated with delayed adverse donor reactions (ADR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The prospective observational study was conducted in Department of Immuno-hematology and Blood Transfusion of tertiary care hospital. All the whole blood donors, who gave consent to participate in the study were contacted telephonically after 24 hours and day 7 after donation. The donor who couldn't be contacted telephonically, was tried again at an interval of four hours in a day for two consecutive days before declaring the participant to be non-responder. RESULTS: A total of 2495 (92.4%) blood donors experienced delayed ADRs. The commonest delayed ADRs reported were generalized weakness (24.6%), bruises (24.2%) followed by painful arm (14.5%). Females, first-time blood donors, donors with low BMI and donors engaged in manual labor were more vulnerable to develop any adverse reactions. CONCLUSION: Blood donors can experience delayed ADRs. It is important to prevent these reactions especially in susceptible donors. Proper awareness and training to the staff was provided to minimize the incidence of ADR.