[Metabolic correction: a biochemical option against diseases]. / Corrección metabólica: Una opción bioquímica contra las enfermedades.

Human development and its physiology depends on a number of complex biochemical body processes, many of which are interactive and codependent. The speed and the degree in which many physiological reactions are completed depend on enzyme activity, which in turn depends on the bioavailability of co-factors and micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. To achieve a healthy physiological state, organism need that biochemical reactions occur in a controlled and specific way at a particular speed and level or grade fully completed. To achieve this, is required an optimal metabolic balance. Factors such as, a particular genetic composition, inadequate dietary consumption patterns, traumas, diseases, toxins and environmental stress all of these factors rising demands for nutrients in order to obtain optimal metabolic balance. Metabolic correction is a biochemical and physiological concept that explains how improvements in cellular biochemistry of an organism can help the body achieve metabolic and physiological optimization. We summarize the contribution of several pioneers in understanding the role of micronutrients in health management. The concept of metabolic correction is becoming a significant term due to the presence of genetic variants that affect the speed of reactions of enzymes, causing metabolic alterations that enhance or promote the state/development of multiple diseases. Decline in the nutritional value of the food we eat, the increase in demand for certain nutrients caused by normal development, diseases and medications induce, usually, nutrients consumption. These nutritional deficiencies and insufficiencies are causing massive economic costs due to increased morbidity and mortality in our society. In summary, metabolic correction improves the enzymatic function, which favors the physiological normal functions, thus, contributing to improving health and the welfare of the human being. The purpose of this paper is to describe and introduce the concept of optimal metabolic correction as a functional cost-effective mechanism against disease, in addition, to contribute to diseases prevention and regeneration of the body and health.

Metabolic correction: a functional biochemical mechanism against disease--Part 2: mechanisms and benefits.

A healthy physiology depends on a plethora of complex interdependent biochemical reactions. In order for these reactions to occur suitably, the enzymes and cofactors that regulate their flow must be present in the proper balance. The term metabolic correction is used to describe a biochemical-physiological process that improves cellular biochemistry as a means to an individual's achieving metabolic or physiological optimization. Part 2 discusses how metabolic correction, through the increase of cofactors, can supply unmet enzyme needs and compensate for nutritional deficiencies induced by improper nutritional intake or by the increased demand for nutrients caused by genetics, health conditions, medications, or physical or environmental stressors. Nutrient insufficiencies are causing an increase in morbidity and mortality, at great cost to our society. In summary, metabolic correction improves enzymatic function and satisfies the increasing demand for nutrients. Metabolic correction can have a significant impact on the reduction of morbidity and mortality and their financial cost to our society and contribute to improving health and well-being.

Metabolic correction: a functional biochemical mechanism against disease--Part 1: concept and historical background.

Human physiology depends on countless biochemical reactions, numerous of which are co-dependent and interrelated. The speed and level of completion of reactions usually depend on the availability of precursors and enzymes. The enzymatic activity depends on the bioavailability of micronutrient cofactors such as vitamins and minerals. In order to achieve a healthy physiological state, the organism requires that biochemical reactions occur at a controlled rate. To achieve this state it is required that metabolic reactions reach what can be considered an optimal metabolic equilibrium. A combination of genetic makeup, dietary patterns, trauma, disease, toxins, medications, and environmental stressors can elevate the demand for the nutrients needed to reach this optimal metabolic equilibrium. In this, part 1, the general concept of metabolic correction is presented with an elaboration explaining how this concept is increasing in importance as we become aware of the presence of genetic variants that affect enzymatic reactions causing metabolic disturbances that themselves favor or promote the disease state. In addition, part 1 reviews how prominent scientists have contributed in fundamental ways to our understanding of the importance of micronutrients in health and disease and in the development of the metabolic correction concept.

Tromboelastografía / Tromboelastography

El propósito de este artículo de revisión, es orientar a sus lectores en el campo correspondiente a la tromboelastografía, como una herramienta más en la evaluación y manejo perioperatorio del paciente, con trastornos de la coagulación, haciendo énfasis en sus bases físicas, muestreo, análisis de los resultados y posibles aplicaciones en los diferentes campos de la medicina. Esta tecnología irá tomando acogida en nuestro país, en la medida en que las diferentes instituciones empiecen a tener acceso a ella...

Inactivation of HSV-2 by ascorbate-Cu(II) and its protecting evaluation in CF-1 mice against encephalitis.

Ascorbate is an important antioxidant. However, in the presence of transition metals such as Cu(II) or Fe(III), it also has pro-oxidant capabilities. The effect of ascorbate-Cu(II) in the in vitro infection of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and its protecting effect in a murine model was investigated. HSV-2 was treated with different concentrations of ascorbate in the presence of Cu(II). A group of CF-1 mice were treated with the inactivated virus and other treated with maintenance medium containing only ascorbate-Cu(II). Weeks later, mice were challenged intranasally with infectious viruses. HSV-2 was completely inactivated by 2mM ascorbate plus 1mM Cu(II). Ascorbate or Cu(II) alone did not inactivate the virus. Compared with the control group, 60% of the immunized animals did not show any sign of encephalitis and survived the herpes virus infection, while a 7% survival rate was observed in the control group (P = 0.056). We concluded that the in vitro treatment of HSV-2 with ascorbate-Cu(II) is not only able to inactivate the virus, but also suggested that the viral particles induced a protective response against herpes encephalitis. This inactivation may provide an alternative method to develop new agents therapeutics.

Diagnóstico prenatal en un caso de enfermedad materna y fetal por un parvovirus B19 / Prenatal diagnosis in a case of maternal and fetal disease by parvovirus B19

Una paciente embarazada de 22 semanas, portadora de Síndrome de Wolff Parkinson White asintomático, presenta un cuadro febril respiratorio severo, asociado a miocarditis, edema pulmonar, falla prerrenal, hipertensión arterial, proteinuria e hidrops fetal. La asociación de un cuadro respiratorio severo e hidrops fetal no inmune permitió sospechar infección por Parvovirus B19, lo que se confirmó con IgM específica y Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en sangre materna. Se realizó una cordocentesis que confirmó la presencia de parvovirus B19 por PCR en sangre fetal. Durante la hospitalización regresó el compromiso pulmonar, cardíaco y el síndrome hipertensivo. El hidrops fetal regresó espontáneamente. La paciente fue dada de alta y se interrumpió a las 38 semanas por cesárea electiva por presentación podálica. El seguimiento del recién nacido mostró la presencia de IgG anti Parvovirus B19 en títulos elevados.

Eficacia y seguridad de teicoplanina en el tratamiento de infecciones severas causadas por Staphylococcus / Efficacy and security of teicoplasnin in the treatment of severe infections caused by staphylococcus

Se realizó un estudio abierto no comparativo para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la administración de teicoplanina en pacientes con infecciones bacterianas causadas por gérmenes grampositivos, principalmente Staphylococus y Enterococcus. Fueron tratados 20 enfermos con infecciones de tejidos blandos, osteoarticulares y del aparato respiratorio inferior, causado por Staphylococcus aureus. Se les administró teicoplanina por vía intravenosa en infusión durante 30 minutos o por inyección intramuscular; la dosis inicial fue de 6 mg/kg, seguida de 3 mg/kg administrada una vez al día. Los resultados clínicos obtenidos fueron 65 por ciento de curación y 35 por ciento mejoría, con una erradicación bacteriológica del 100 por ciento. La tolerancia fue buena; sólo un enfermo fue retirado del estudio debido a que presentó rash, probablemente relacionado al fármaco en estudio. Podemos concluir que la administración de teicoplanina en dosis de 400 mg iniciales y 200 mg subsecuentes, una sola vez al día, por vía intravenosa o intramuscular, fue eficaz y segura en este estudio

Tratamento de infecciones por anaerobios, con metronidazol endovenoso y oral / Treatment of anaerobic infections with IV and oral metronidazole

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en 52 pacientes con infección por anaerobios tratados con metronidazol IV y oral. Se obtuvo curación clínico y bacteriológica en 38 pacientes; clínica o bacteriológica en 7, y falla del tratamiento en 8. El microorganismo anaerobio aislado con más frecuencia fue el Bacteroides melaninogenicus; en segundo lugar, el Peptostreptococcus aerobius y en tercero el género de los peptococcus. Las bacterias aisladas fueron muy sensibles a metronidazol. La sensibilidad se midió por el método de dilución seriada en tubo. La buena respuesta obtenida justifica el uso de metronidazol en estos cuadros infecciosos

Tratamiento de infecciones por anaerobios, con metronidazol endovenoso y oral. / Treatment of anaerobic infections, with endovenous and oral metronidazole

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en pacientes con infeccion por anaerobios tratados con metronidazol IV y oral. Se obtuvo curacion clinica o bacteriologica en 7, y falla del tratamiento en 8. El microorganismo anaerobio aislado con mas frecuencia fue el Bacteroides melaninogenicus; en segundo lugar, el Peptostreptococcus aerobius, y en tercero el genero de los peptococcus. Las bacterias aisladas fueron muy sensibles a metronidazol. La sensibilidad se efectuo por el metodo de dilucion seriada en tubo. La muy buena respuesta obtenida justifica el uso del metronidazol en estos cuadros infecciosos