ABSTRACT
The Atacama Desert of northern Chile is considered one of the most arid and extreme environment on Earth. Its core region was described as featuring "Mars-like" soils that were at one point deemed too extreme for life to exist. However, recent investigations confirmed the presence of diverse culturable actinobacteria. In the current review, we discuss a total of 46 natural products isolated to date representing diverse chemical classes characterized from different actinobacteria isolated from various locations in the Atacama Desert. Their reported biological activities are also discussed.
Subject(s)
Actinobacteria/physiology , Biological Products , Desert Climate , Genetic Variation , Actinobacteria/classification , Actinobacteria/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Chile , Computational Biology , Genome, Bacterial/genetics , Molecular Structure , Secondary Metabolism/genetics , Soil MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Bio-guided fractionation of the culture broth extract of Streptomyces asenjonii strain KNN 42.f recovered from an extreme hyper-arid Atacama Desert soil in northern Chile led to the isolation of three new bioactive ß-diketones; asenjonamides A-C (1-3) in addition to the known N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxoethyl)acetamide (4), a series of bioactive acylated 4-aminoheptosyl-ß-N-glycosides; spicamycins A-E (5-9), and seven known diketopiperazines (10-16). All isolated compounds were characterized by HRESIMS and NMR analyses and tested for their antibacterial effect against a panel of bacteria.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Soil Microbiology , Streptomyces/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Bacteria/drug effects , Chile , Desert Climate , Fermentation , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Streptomyces/chemistryABSTRACT
The extremotolerant isolate H45 was one of several actinomycetes isolated from a high-altitude Atacama Desert soil collected in northwest Chile. The isolate was identified as a new Lentzea sp. using a combination of chemotaxonomic, morphological and phylogenetic properties. Large scale fermentation of the strain in two different media followed by chromatographic purification led to the isolation of six new diene and monoene glycosides named lentzeosides A-F, together with the known compound (Z)-3-hexenyl glucoside. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by HRESIMS and NMR analyses. Compounds 1-6 displayed moderate inhibitory activity against HIV integrase.