ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Older adults are a highly vulnerable group in their general health condition, including oral health that can be influenced by different factors, among them, changes in oral tissues inherent to the physiological processes of aging and by systemic condition. In El Salvador, it is a group that has received little attention at the public health level. OBJECTIVE: To determine the profile of the oral health status and treatment needs of the elderly population in El Salvador. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Secondary cross-sectional analysis of data from the last oral health survey in 471 Salvadorans aged 60 years and older. The variables under study were: sociodemographics, brushing frequency, oral hygiene according to simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), caries experience according to decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DMFT) modified with international caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS) criteria, periodontal status through the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), edentulism and treatment needs. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test, ANOVA, z-test and linear regression (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The older adults presented poor oral hygiene, low brushing frequency, high tooth loss with an average of 16 missing teeth while one third presented total edentulism. Most of the older adults were categorized as having "poor or very Poor" oral hygiene. Almost all respondents presented some degree of periodontal disease and required restorative intervention. CONCLUSION: The oral health status of elderly Salvadoran is poor. Furthermore, the development of public policies and specific oral health strategies aimed at this population is urgent.
Subject(s)
Dental Caries , Tooth Loss , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , DMF Index , Dental Caries/complications , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Health Status , Humans , Middle Aged , Oral Health , Oral Hygiene , Oral Hygiene Index , Tooth Loss/complications , Tooth Loss/epidemiologyABSTRACT
El SARS-CoV-2 es el séptimo betacoronavirus que infecta a la especie humana. Este se caracteriza por una alta transmisibilidad y relativa baja letalidad. La enfermedad se manifiesta, en la mayor parte de la población, de forma leve y aumenta la probabilidad de severidad y letalidad en adultos mayores de 65 años, con enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles previas como diabetes, hipertensión arterial, enfermedades respiratorias y obesidad. En este artículo de revisión se presentan parámetros con base en la evidencia científica, que guíen al odontólogo en la toma de decisiones, para la atención odontológica y limitar el riesgo de infección cruzada en el marco del estado actual de pandemia por COVID-19. La llamada o video llamada constituye la primera elección para realizar el triaje, previo a asignar una cita, ya que permite clasificar el riesgo de infección por COVID-19 de un paciente y establecer el nivel de prioridad de tratamiento. El algoritmo para la toma de decisiones en clínicas odontológicas durante el período de emergencia por COVID-19, debe constituirse en una recomendación que los odontólogos que atienden pacientes pongan en práctica. Por cuanto, permite clasificar el riesgo de infección y letalidad del paciente, definiendo los tratamientos en electivos, de urgencia o emergencia. Palabras clave: infecciones por coronavirus, Clínicas Odontológicas, Contención de riesgos biológicos, Toma de decisiones, pandemia
SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh betacoronavirus to infect the human species. It is characterized by high transmissibility and relatively low lethality. The disease manifests itself, in most of the population, in a mild way and increases the probability of severity and fatality in adults over 65 years of age, with previous non-communicable chronic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, respiratory diseases and obesity. This review article presents parameters based on scientific evidence, which guide the dentist in decision-making, for dental care and limit the risk of cross infection in the context of the current state of the COVID-19 pandemic. The call or video call is the first choice for triage, prior to assigning an appointment, since it allows classifying the risk of infection by COVID-19 of a patient and establishing the level of priority of treatment. The algorithm for decision-making in dental clinics during the emergency period due to COVID-19 should become a recommendation that dentists who care for patients put into practice. Because, it allows classifying the risk of infection and lethality of the patient, defining the treatments as elective, urgent or emergency. Keywords: coronavirus infections, Dental Clinics, Containment of biological risks, Decision making, pandemic
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Care , Coronavirus Infections , Decision Making , Dental ClinicsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad a 3 y 6 meses de una intervención integral para la prevención y tratamiento de caries en dientes permanentes, en escolares de 9 a 11 años en el año 2017. Metodología: La investigación efectuada fue de tipo comunitaria cuasi experimental con grupo control pre-post, ya que la población en estudio fue evaluada antes y después de 3 y 6 meses de intervenida mediante la ejecución de medidas preventivas y curativas tales como profilaxis, sellantes de fosas y fisuras (SFF), aplicación de flúor, obturaciones y exodoncias. La investigación incluyó 150 individuos de ambos sexos, con edades entre los 9 y los 11 años, en los cuales se intervinieron 1811 superficies en total. Resultados: Luego de 3 meses de aplicada la intervención se logró optimizar el nivel de higiene oral de los alumnos en un 38.34% (ISHO inicial 38% versus 6 meses 76.34%). Con respecto a la prevención y limitación del daño por caries, a 3 y 6 meses de aplicada la intervención, se encontró que el 97.11% y 90.5% de las superficies respectivamente se encontraban sanos. Asimismo, la intervención demostró ser efectiva (p=0.000), por el porcentaje de supervivencia de SFF y obturaciones (50% y 98% respectivamente) a 6 meses de ejecutados. Conclusión: La intervención es efectiva a los 3 y 6 meses según la reducción del índice de placa dentobacteriana, limitación y prevención del daño por caries y supervivencia de SFF.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness at 3 and 6 months of a comprehensive intervention for the prevention and treatment of dental decay in permanent teeth, in school children from 9 to 11 years old in 2017. Methodology: The research carried out was of a quasi-experimental community type with a pre-post control group, since the study population was evaluated before and after 3 and 6 months of intervention by means of the execution of preventive and curative measures such as prophylaxis, sealants of pits and fissures, application of fluoride, seals and extractions. The research included 150 individuals of both sexes, aged between 9 and 11 years, in which 1811 surfaces were intervened in total. Results: After 3 months of the intervention, the oral hygiene level of the students was optimized by 38.34% (initial ISHO 38% vs. 6 months 76.34%). Regarding the prevention and limitation of dental decay damage, 3 and 6 months after the intervention was applied, it was found that 97.11% and 90.5% of the surfaces respectively were healthy. Likewise, the intervention proved to be effective (p = 0.000), due to the survival percentage of SFF and obturations (50% and 98% respectively) at 6 months of execution. Conclusion: The intervention is effective at 3 and 6 months according to the reduction of the dentobacterial plaque index, limitation and prevention of dental decay damage and survival of pits and fissures sealants and
