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1.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 39(5): 2287-2292, Sept.-Oct. 2018. ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-22761

ABSTRACT

Bovine neosporosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum, which is one of the main pathogens that cause abortions in cattle worldwide. It is responsible for large losses in dairy and beef cattle, especially with regard to the expenses associated with decreased productivity and increased discard. In the State of Maranhão, the occurrence of this parasite has already been confirmed in the dairy cattle of three microregions that make up the state's dairy industry and in small ruminants of the municipalities of Amarante do Maranhão and Buritirana. This fact justifies the importance of determining the presence of N. caninum in cattle slaughtered in the slaughterhouses of the Island of São Luís, to help control the parasitic cycle in the cattle production system of the region under study, and the importance of its diagnosis. The objective of the research was to conduct a histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of bovine placentas infected with N. caninum collected in slaughterhouses. Sixteen placenta samples from cows were randomly selected at the slaughterhouses of the city of São Luís for histological analysis and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that 31% of the placentas presented histopathological changes such as: inflammatory process, edema, hemorrhage and presence of hemosiderin. All slides with histopathological changes showed immunolabeling for N. caninum.(AU)


A neosporose bovina é uma doença parasitária causada pelo protozoário Neospora caninum, que é um dos principais patógenos causadores de aborto em bovinos no mundo. É responsável por grandes prejuízos nos rebanhos de leite e de corte, principalmente no que se refere aos gastos associados à diminuição da produtividade e aumento do descarte. No estado do Maranhão, a ocorrência deste parasito já foi confirmada em rebanhos de bovinos de leite de três microrregiões que compõem a bacia leiteira do estado e em pequenos ruminantes dos municípios de Amarante do Maranhão e Buritirana. Justificando desta forma a importância de determinar a presença de N. caninum nos bovinos abatidos nos matadouros da Ilha de São Luís, para auxiliar no controle do ciclo parasitário no sistema de produção de bovinos na região em estudo e a importância do seu diagnóstico. O objetivo da pesquisa foi realizar a caracterização histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica de placentas bovinas infectadas por N. caninum coletadas em matadouro. Foram selecionadas ao acaso 16 amostras de placenta de vacas, provenientes de abatedouros do município de São Luís para análise histológica e imuno-histoquímica. Os resultados evidenciaram que 31% das placentas apresentaram alterações histopatológicas, tais como: processo inflamatório, edema, hemorragia e presença de hemossiderina. Todas as lâminas com alterações histopatológicas apresentaram imunomarcação para N. caninum.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Neospora , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Cattle/parasitology , Placenta/pathology
2.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 39(5): 2287-2292, 2018. ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1501230

ABSTRACT

Bovine neosporosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum, which is one of the main pathogens that cause abortions in cattle worldwide. It is responsible for large losses in dairy and beef cattle, especially with regard to the expenses associated with decreased productivity and increased discard. In the State of Maranhão, the occurrence of this parasite has already been confirmed in the dairy cattle of three microregions that make up the state's dairy industry and in small ruminants of the municipalities of Amarante do Maranhão and Buritirana. This fact justifies the importance of determining the presence of N. caninum in cattle slaughtered in the slaughterhouses of the Island of São Luís, to help control the parasitic cycle in the cattle production system of the region under study, and the importance of its diagnosis. The objective of the research was to conduct a histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of bovine placentas infected with N. caninum collected in slaughterhouses. Sixteen placenta samples from cows were randomly selected at the slaughterhouses of the city of São Luís for histological analysis and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that 31% of the placentas presented histopathological changes such as: inflammatory process, edema, hemorrhage and presence of hemosiderin. All slides with histopathological changes showed immunolabeling for N. caninum.


A neosporose bovina é uma doença parasitária causada pelo protozoário Neospora caninum, que é um dos principais patógenos causadores de aborto em bovinos no mundo. É responsável por grandes prejuízos nos rebanhos de leite e de corte, principalmente no que se refere aos gastos associados à diminuição da produtividade e aumento do descarte. No estado do Maranhão, a ocorrência deste parasito já foi confirmada em rebanhos de bovinos de leite de três microrregiões que compõem a bacia leiteira do estado e em pequenos ruminantes dos municípios de Amarante do Maranhão e Buritirana. Justificando desta forma a importância de determinar a presença de N. caninum nos bovinos abatidos nos matadouros da Ilha de São Luís, para auxiliar no controle do ciclo parasitário no sistema de produção de bovinos na região em estudo e a importância do seu diagnóstico. O objetivo da pesquisa foi realizar a caracterização histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica de placentas bovinas infectadas por N. caninum coletadas em matadouro. Foram selecionadas ao acaso 16 amostras de placenta de vacas, provenientes de abatedouros do município de São Luís para análise histológica e imuno-histoquímica. Os resultados evidenciaram que 31% das placentas apresentaram alterações histopatológicas, tais como: processo inflamatório, edema, hemorragia e presença de hemossiderina. Todas as lâminas com alterações histopatológicas apresentaram imunomarcação para N. caninum.


Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Cattle , Cattle/parasitology , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Neospora , Placenta/pathology
3.
BMC Vet Res ; 13(1): 255, 2017 Aug 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28821261

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is endemic in São Luís Maranhão/Brazil and it leads a varied clinical picture, including neurological signs. RESULTS: Histopathological evaluation showed that 14 dogs exhibited pathological alterations in at least one of the analyzed areas. Of these, mononuclear inflammatory reaction was the most frequent, although other lesions, such as hemorrhage, chromatolysis and gliosis were also observed. The presence of L. infantum amastigotes was confirmed in eight dogs, identified in four regions: telencephalon, hippocampus, thalamus and caudal colliculus, but only one presented neurological signs. Polymerase chain reaction results detected the DNA of the parasite in 11 samples from seven dogs. The positive areas were the telencephalon, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, caudal and rostral colliculus. CONCLUSION: These results reveal that during canine visceral leishmaniasis, the central nervous system may display some alterations, without necessarily exhibiting clinical neurological manifestations. In addition, the L. infantum parasite has the ability to cross the blood brain barrier and penetrate the central nervous system.


Subject(s)
Central Nervous System/parasitology , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Animals , Central Nervous System/pathology , DNA, Protozoan/genetics , Dog Diseases/pathology , Dogs , Female , Hippocampus/parasitology , Hippocampus/pathology , Inferior Colliculi/parasitology , Inferior Colliculi/pathology , Leishmania infantum/genetics , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/pathology , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Telencephalon/parasitology , Telencephalon/pathology , Thalamus/parasitology , Thalamus/pathology
4.
Phytother Res ; 31(7): 971-979, 2017 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28524250

ABSTRACT

Morinda citrifolia, also known as noni, is commonly used in popular medicine in Brazil. Many parts of the noni tree are utilized in such practices, including the roots, leaves and seeds. Through a search of online databases, the present article reviews 92 research studies on the biological actions of M. citrifolia. The paper will discuss the therapeutic effects of noni and its compounds in a variety of forms of presentation, focusing on studies that support its traditional use. A large and diverse number of properties were identified, which were divided into immunostimulatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antibacterial and anti-septic, antifungal, antiviral, leishmanicidal, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive and analgesic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, wound healing, antiallergic, antiangiogenic, antiemetic and anti-nausea, anti-gastric ulcer and oesophagitis, anthelmintic, antimutagenic, antipsychotic, anxiolytic, photoprotective, anti-wrinkle and periodontal tissue regeneration activities. While it was concluded that although M. citrifolia is widely and successfully used for the treatment or prevention of various diseases, it should be consumed carefully, and only after exhaustive studies into its chemical constituents and mechanisms of action, both in in vitro and in vivo models, as well as clinical trials. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Subject(s)
Morinda/chemistry , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Brazil , Humans
5.
Braz Dent J ; 24(4): 357-61, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24173256

ABSTRACT

Complete dentures acts as a reservoir for microbial colonization, which may lead to systemic infections. Microwave irradiation has been used as an efficient method of denture disinfection. Even though current methods eliminate denture-base microorganisms, a recurrence rate of denture stomatitis (DS) is still observed among denture-wearing patients. It was hypothesized that microwave disinfection kills microorganisms but do not remove dead bacteria from the denture surface. To test this hypothesis, the biofilm found in the dentures of 10 patients with DS was evaluated. In addition, the effects of microwave irradiation plus brushing (MW+B) on the denture biofilm and the combination of denture cleanser with microwave irradiation and brushing (MW+DC+B) for the removal of denture-accumulating microorganisms were investigated. Microbiological data were analyzed statistically by nonparametric analysis (Friedman/Wilcoxon, α=0.05). MW+B and MW+DC+B were effective in reducing the rate of microorganisms (99.2% and 99.5% respectively), but without significant difference between them (p=0.553). However, it was observed that the complete removal of microorganisms from denture surface was only possible when all regimens were combined (MW+DC+B). Microwave irradiation in combination with soaking in denture cleanser and brushing effectively disinfected the dentures and removed denture biofilm.


Subject(s)
Denture Cleansers , Denture, Complete/microbiology , Disinfection , Microwaves , Toothbrushing , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Humans , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
6.
Braz. dent. j ; Braz. dent. j;24(4): 357-361, July-Aug/2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-689836

ABSTRACT

Complete dentures acts as a reservoir for microbial colonization, which may lead to systemic infections. Microwave irradiation has been used as an efficient method of denture disinfection. Even though current methods eliminate denture-base microorganisms, a recurrence rate of denture stomatitis (DS) is still observed among denture-wearing patients. It was hypothesized that microwave disinfection kills microorganisms but do not remove dead bacteria from the denture surface. To test this hypothesis, the biofilm found in the dentures of 10 patients with DS was evaluated. In addition, the effects of microwave irradiation plus brushing (MW+B) on the denture biofilm and the combination of denture cleanser with microwave irradiation and brushing (MW+DC+B) for the removal of denture-accumulating microorganisms were investigated. Microbiological data were analyzed statistically by nonparametric analysis (Friedman/Wilcoxon, α=0.05). MW+B and MW+DC+B were effective in reducing the rate of microorganisms (99.2% and 99.5% respectively), but without significant difference between them (p=0.553). However, it was observed that the complete removal of microorganisms from denture surface was only possible when all regimens were combined (MW+DC+B). Microwave irradiation in combination with soaking in denture cleanser and brushing effectively disinfected the dentures and removed denture biofilm.


Próteses totais agem como um reservatório para a colonização microbiana, que pode levar a infecções sistêmicas. Irradiação com microondas tem sido usada como um método eficiente de desinfecção das próteses. Apesar dos métodos atuais eliminarem os microorganismos da base protética, uma taxa de recidiva ainda é observada entre pacientes que usam próteses dentárias. Hipotetizamos que a desinfecção com microondas consegue matar os microorganismos, mas não remove as bactérias mortas da superfície da prótese. Para testar essa hipótese, o biofilme encontrado nas próteses de 10 pacientes com estomatite protética foi analisado. Além disso, os efeitos da irradiação por microondas + escovação (MW+B) no biofilme da prótese e a associação de um higienizador de prótese com a irradiação por microondas e escovação (MW+DC+B) para a remoção dos microorganismos da prótese foram investigados. Dados microbiológicos foram avaliados por análise não paramétrica (Friedman/Wilcoxon, α=0,05). MW+B e MW+DC+B foram efetivos em reduzir a taxa de microorganismos (99,2% e 99,5%, respectivamente), mas não houve diferença significativa entre eles (p=0,553). Entretanto, observamos que a completa remoção dos microorganismos só foi possível quando todos os métodos foram associados (MW+DC+B). Irradiação por microondas associada à imersão em higienizador de prótese e escovação efetivamente desinfetou a prótese e removeu o biofilme da prótese.


Subject(s)
Humans , Denture Cleansers , Disinfection , Denture, Complete/microbiology , Microwaves , Toothbrushing , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
7.
Ciênc. anim. bras. (Impr.) ; 11(3): 653-659, 2010. map, tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1472984

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a soroprevalência e as variáveis epidemiológicas associadas com a infecção de Leishmania spp. em cães de cinco localidades no Distrito do Tirirical no município de São Luís, Maranhão. Foram visitadas 72 moradias, perfazendo uma amostra de cem cães domiciliados, e aplicados questionários com o objetivo de determinar os fatores que poderiam estar relacionados com a ocorrência da infecção. Utilizaram-se como variáveis: proximidade da moradia com a mata, existência de criação/abrigo de animais de produção e de animais silvestres, sexo, idade, raça, além de exame clínico do animal, com observação da presença de sinais clínicos compatíveis com a doença. A análise sorológica demonstrou que 67 amostras apresentaram-se positivas para Leishmania spp. Os sinais clínicos observados foram linfadenopatia localizada, alopecia, pelo opaco, emagrecimento, úlceras cutâneas, descamação furfurácea, ceratoconjuntivite, e onicogrifose. Animais das localidades Cruzeiro de Santa Bárbara e Cajupari, ambas localizadas próximas de matas, têm 3,4 e 12,0 vezes mais chances de serem soropositivos para Leishmania spp. do que aqueles das outras localidades estudadas. Não se verificou correlação entre as outras variáveis estudadas e soropositividade para Leishmania spp.


This work aimed to determine the seroprevalence and epidemiological variables associated to Leishmania spp. infection in dogs from five locations of Tirirical District, in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil. Seventy-two houses were visited and samples of one hundred dogs were taken. A questionnaire was applied in order to investigate the possible factors related to the Leishmania infection. The following variables were used: forest proximity from the residence, livestock of domestic animals or shelter of wild animals, sex, age and breed. Clinical examination was also performed looking for clinical signs compatible to the infection. The serological analysis revealed that 67 samples were reactive. The clinical signs observed were focal lymphadenophaty, alopecia, weight loss, cutaneous ulcers, skin desquamation, keratoconjuntivitis and onycogrifosis. Animals from Cruzeiro de Santa Bárbara and Cajupari, both locations near the forest, have 3.4 and 12.0 more chances of being reactive to Leishmania spp. than the ones in the other studied locations. No statistical relation was found between seropositive dogs and any other variables.


Subject(s)
Dogs , Dogs/classification , Leishmaniasis/diagnosis , Lymphatic Diseases/diagnosis , Epidemiology/instrumentation , Seroepidemiologic Studies
8.
Ciênc. anim. bras. (Impr.) ; 11(3): 653-659, 2010. mapas, tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-4050

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a soroprevalência e as variáveis epidemiológicas associadas com a infecção de Leishmania spp. em cães de cinco localidades no Distrito do Tirirical no município de São Luís, Maranhão. Foram visitadas 72 moradias, perfazendo uma amostra de cem cães domiciliados, e aplicados questionários com o objetivo de determinar os fatores que poderiam estar relacionados com a ocorrência da infecção. Utilizaram-se como variáveis: proximidade da moradia com a mata, existência de criação/abrigo de animais de produção e de animais silvestres, sexo, idade, raça, além de exame clínico do animal, com observação da presença de sinais clínicos compatíveis com a doença. A análise sorológica demonstrou que 67 amostras apresentaram-se positivas para Leishmania spp. Os sinais clínicos observados foram linfadenopatia localizada, alopecia, pelo opaco, emagrecimento, úlceras cutâneas, descamação furfurácea, ceratoconjuntivite, e onicogrifose. Animais das localidades Cruzeiro de Santa Bárbara e Cajupari, ambas localizadas próximas de matas, têm 3,4 e 12,0 vezes mais chances de serem soropositivos para Leishmania spp. do que aqueles das outras localidades estudadas. Não se verificou correlação entre as outras variáveis estudadas e soropositividade para Leishmania spp.(AU)


This work aimed to determine the seroprevalence and epidemiological variables associated to Leishmania spp. infection in dogs from five locations of Tirirical District, in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil. Seventy-two houses were visited and samples of one hundred dogs were taken. A questionnaire was applied in order to investigate the possible factors related to the Leishmania infection. The following variables were used: forest proximity from the residence, livestock of domestic animals or shelter of wild animals, sex, age and breed. Clinical examination was also performed looking for clinical signs compatible to the infection. The serological analysis revealed that 67 samples were reactive. The clinical signs observed were focal lymphadenophaty, alopecia, weight loss, cutaneous ulcers, skin desquamation, keratoconjuntivitis and onycogrifosis. Animals from Cruzeiro de Santa Bárbara and Cajupari, both locations near the forest, have 3.4 and 12.0 more chances of being reactive to Leishmania spp. than the ones in the other studied locations. No statistical relation was found between seropositive dogs and any other variables.(AU)


Subject(s)
Dogs , Leishmaniasis/diagnosis , Dogs/classification , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Epidemiology/instrumentation , Lymphatic Diseases/diagnosis
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