Is low phase angle a risk indicator for frailty and pre-frailty among community-dwelling older adults?

Studies investigating the association between the phase angle (PA) and frailty are scarce. The PA is considered a practical, low-cost, noninvasive measure for the early identification of this clinical condition. To investigate the association between PA and frailty/pre-frailty, nutritional and clinical aspects in older people. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 51 older people (≥ 60 years). PA was determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Frailty profile was determined using the criteria of unintentional weight loss, self-reported fatigue, slow gait speed, low grip strength and insufficient physical activity. Nutritional status was evaluated based on the body mass index and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMMI). Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were also investigated. Sociodemographic data were collected through interviews. Prevalence of frailty/pre-frailty was 84.3%, with no difference between the sexes. The first tercile of the sample had a PA lower than 6º, which was considered low. No significant difference in PA was found between older people with or without frailty/pre-frailty. In the multiple linear regression analysis, age and ASMMI were shown to be potential independent predictors for PA. Age showed an inverse correlation with PA, while ASMMI showed a direct correlation. No association was found between PA and frailty or pre-frailty.

Poly(lactic acid)/ß-cyclodextrin based nanoparticles bearing ruthenium(II)-arene naproxen complex: preparation and characterisation. Analytical validation for metal determination by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry.

The objectives of this work are to develop nanocarrier systems for the Ru(II)-p-cymene naproxen antitumor metallodrug, [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(npx)Cl] or Rupcy, based on polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) composed by the biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and the hydrophilic polymerised ß-cyclodextrin (PolyCD); to validate an analytical method for determination of Ru incorporated into the metallodrug loaded-NPs. The PolyCD was prepared by single step condensation and polymerisation reaction and incorporated as a polymer blend during the fabrication of PLA/PolyCD blends NPs and also as a core/shell structure built by adsorption of the PolyCD onto the surface of PLA NPs to give PLA(core)/PolyCD(shell) NPs. Three different loaded-systems incorporating the metallodrug (Rupcy-PLA NPs (1), Rupcy-PLA/PolyCD blends (2), and Rupcy-PLA(core)/PolyCD(shell) NPs (3)) were prepared by nanoprecipitation. The characterisation was performed by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight, Fourier-Transform Infra-red and UV-VIS Electronic Absorption Spectroscopies, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Dynamic Light Scattering, and Electrophoretic Light Scattering. Ru was determined by Microwave Induced Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (MIP-OES) with validation of the method. The metallodrug entrapment efficiency was around 90% (w/w) and drug loading was at 3-4% (w/w). The characterised metallodrug-loaded systems exhibited monomodal size distributions and appropriate hydrodynamic diameters [218.3 ± 13.5 (1), 205.4 ± 14.4 (2), 231.5 ± 22.0 (3) nm] and zeta potential values [-31.5 ± 2.2 (1), -26.1 ± 4.5 (2), -28.8 ± 6.1 (3) mV]. The validation of the MIP-OES method by evaluating selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of detection and quantification succeeded. The NPs parameters are compatible with colloidally stable systems. The MIP-OES method showed to be simple, reliable, and feasible to quantify indirectly the amount of the metallodrug-loaded into the PLA NPs.

Femoral orthopedic implants in dogs with titanium - mechanical evaluation

Background: Orthopedic implants are commonly used for different types of surgical procedures to gain optimal functionand to provide stability to both bones and tendon structures. When inserting these implants, the characteristics of the material are important for surgical success, and the ideal implant must be biocompatible and nonallergenic. However, whenmolding an implant to the bone structure, its resistance can change significantly. Implants can be temporary or permanentin the body, and metal possesses properties that make it acceptable for bone repair. In biomedical implants, 2 types aremost common, commercially pure (CP)-Ti and Ti-6A1-4V. They both provide stable fixation and low risk of loosening.Implants made with the same material and composition can perform differently if the material has been altered by processing techniques for different scenarios. Stress, strain and elastic modulus are the primary metrics used in the description ofimplant materials. They can be calculated based on mechanical tests of specimens with defined geometry, most commonlytensile, bending and torsional tests. In order to better evaluate those changes, we compared the mechanical characteristicsof titanium bone plates, before and after they were molded to the bone, to verify and quantify the loss of stiffness andresistance after molding the plate.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was prospective. Orthopedic implant made of commercially pure titanium (CPTi) were divided into 2 groups, one group without plate molding and the other with plate molding to a dog femora bone.Thirty-six plates of different sizes (5.0, 6.5, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0- and 11.0-mm diameter) were divided into 6 groups containing6 plates of each size and submitted to the 4-point flexion test of resistance, using a piece of dog femur (weights of 5, 10,15, 20 and 25 kg) as the bone in which the...(AU)

Femoral orthopedic implants in dogs with titanium - mechanical evaluation

Background: Orthopedic implants are commonly used for different types of surgical procedures to gain optimal functionand to provide stability to both bones and tendon structures. When inserting these implants, the characteristics of the material are important for surgical success, and the ideal implant must be biocompatible and nonallergenic. However, whenmolding an implant to the bone structure, its resistance can change significantly. Implants can be temporary or permanentin the body, and metal possesses properties that make it acceptable for bone repair. In biomedical implants, 2 types aremost common, commercially pure (CP)-Ti and Ti-6A1-4V. They both provide stable fixation and low risk of loosening.Implants made with the same material and composition can perform differently if the material has been altered by processing techniques for different scenarios. Stress, strain and elastic modulus are the primary metrics used in the description ofimplant materials. They can be calculated based on mechanical tests of specimens with defined geometry, most commonlytensile, bending and torsional tests. In order to better evaluate those changes, we compared the mechanical characteristicsof titanium bone plates, before and after they were molded to the bone, to verify and quantify the loss of stiffness andresistance after molding the plate.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was prospective. Orthopedic implant made of commercially pure titanium (CPTi) were divided into 2 groups, one group without plate molding and the other with plate molding to a dog femora bone.Thirty-six plates of different sizes (5.0, 6.5, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0- and 11.0-mm diameter) were divided into 6 groups containing6 plates of each size and submitted to the 4-point flexion test of resistance, using a piece of dog femur (weights of 5, 10,15, 20 and 25 kg) as the bone in which the...

Trend of epidemiological indicators of leprosy in an endemic state of the Amazon region.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the temporal trend of epidemiological indicators of leprosy in the State of Amapá. METHOD: Time series study, carried out in the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The indicators analyzed were: annual detection rate of new cases, detection rate of new cases in the population from 0 to 14 years old, rate of new cases with grade 2 of disability, proportion of new cases with grade 2 and proportion of new multibacillary cases, between 2005 and 2018. The analysis of the temporal evolution was made by linear regression. RESULTS: The detection rate of new cases and the rate of children under 15 years showed a decreasing trend. The rate of new cases with grade 2 of disability and the proportion of cases with grade 2 showed oscillation. The proportions of multibacillary remained constant. CONCLUSION: The epidemiological indicators analyzed suggest active transmission and late diagnosis, signaling a possible hidden endemic disease.

Trend of epidemiological indicators of leprosy in an endemic state of the Amazon region / Tendencia de indicadores epidemiológicos de la lepra em el estado endémico de la región amazónica / Tendência dos indicadores epidemiológicos da hanseníase em um estado endêmico da região amazônica

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the temporal trend of epidemiological indicators of leprosy in the State of Amapá. Method Time series study, carried out in the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The indicators analyzed were: annual detection rate of new cases, detection rate of new cases in the population from 0 to 14 years old, rate of new cases with grade 2 of disability, proportion of new cases with grade 2 and proportion of new multibacillary cases, between 2005 and 2018. The analysis of the temporal evolution was made by linear regression. Results The detection rate of new cases and the rate of children under 15 years showed a decreasing trend. The rate of new cases with grade 2 of disability and the proportion of cases with grade 2 showed oscillation. The proportions of multibacillary remained constant. Conclusion The epidemiological indicators analyzed suggest active transmission and late diagnosis, signaling a possible hidden endemic disease.

RESUMEN Objetivo Caracterizar la tendencia temporal de los indicadores epidemiológicos de la lepra en el Estado de Amapá. Métodos Estudio de series temporales realizado en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación. Los indicadores analizados fueron: tasa de detección anual de nuevos casos, tasa de detección de nuevos casos en la población de 0 a 14 años, tasa de nuevos casos com grado 2 de discapacidad, proporción de nuevos casos con grado 2 y proporción de nuevos casos multibacilares, entre 2005 y 2018. El análisis de la evolución temporal se realizó mediante regresión lineal. Resultados La tasa de detección de nuevos casos y la tasa de niños menores de 15 años mostraron una tendencia decreciente. La tasa de casos nuevos con discapacidad de grado 2 y la proporción de casos con grado 2 mostraron oscilación. Las proporciones de multibacilares se mantuvieron constantes. Conclusión Los indicadores epidemiológicos analizados sugieren transmisión activa y diagnóstico tardío, lo que indica una posible lepra oculta.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar a tendência temporal dos indicadores epidemiológicos da hanseníase no Estado do Amapá. Método Estudo de série temporal, realizado no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Os indicadores analisados foram: taxa de detecção anual de casos novos, taxa de detecção de casos novos na população de 0 a 14 anos, taxa de casos novos com grau 2 de incapacidade, proporção de casos novos com grau 2 e proporção de casos novos multibacilares, entre 2005 e 2018. A análise da evolução temporal foi feita por meio de regressão linear. Resultados A taxa de detecção de casos novos e a taxa em menores de 15 anos apresentaram tendência decrescente. A taxa de casos novos com grau 2 de incapacidade e a proporção de casos com grau 2 apresentaram oscilação. As proporções de multibacilares mantiveram-se constantes. Conclusão Os indicadores epidemiológicos analisados sugerem transmissão ativa e diagnóstico tardio, sinalizando uma possível endemia oculta.

Variação do ângulo da câmera nas avaliações de amplitude articular por fotogrametria computadorizada / Variación del ángulo de la cámara en evaluaciones del rango articular mediante la fotogrametría computarizada / Camera angle variation in the range of motion's assessing by computerized photogrammetry

RESUMO A fotogrametria computadorizada tem se destacado como um recurso avaliativo não invasivo e de boa reprodutibilidade de resultados, contudo ainda carece de padronizações quanto aos parâmetros de sua aplicação. Este estudo comparou os resultados de análises fotogramétricas de amplitude articular obtidos a partir de imagens com diferentes inclinações da câmera fotográfica, em relação ao objeto (totalmente frontal ou 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20º, 25º e 30º). As imagens foram analisadas pela técnica da fotogrametria computadorizada e por seis examinadores que realizaram a quantificação de uma medida angular presente nas imagens. Os resultados demostraram que mesmo com uma variação de 5° de inclinação de câmera, observou-se a presença de resultados significativamente diferentes entre as avaliações, com a margem de erro aumentando, conforme se acentuou a inclinação da câmera.

RESUMEN La fotogrametría computarizada se ha destacado como un recurso evaluativo no invasivo y con buena reproducibilidad de resultados; sin embargo, aún carece de estándares en cuanto a los parámetros de su aplicación. Este estudio comparó los resultados de los análisis fotogramétricos del rango articular, obtenidos a partir de imágenes con distintas inclinaciones de la cámara fotográfica en relación al objeto (totalmente frontal o 0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25° y 30°). Las imágenes fueron analizadas por la técnica de fotogrametría computarizada y por seis examinadores que realizaron la cuantificación de una medida angular presente en ellas. Los resultados mostraron que incluso con una variación de 5° de inclinación de la cámara se observó resultados significativamente distintos entre las evaluaciones, aumentando el margen de error, mientras se acentuaba la inclinación de la cámara.

ABSTRACT The computerized photogrammetry has been highlighted as a non-invasive resource for evaluation, with good reproducibility of results, but its application parameters are still lacking standardization. This study compared outcomes of range of motion obtained with photogrammetric assessments from images photographed in different camera inclinations in relation to the object (0°, 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30°). The images were analyzed with computerized photogrammetry by six raters who assessed the joint range present in the images. The outcomes showed that even with 5° in camera inclination, there was significantly different results between assessments, and the margin of error increased as the camera inclination was intensifying.

Plasma estradiol and progesterone concentrations during the female reproductive cycle in a highly placentotrophic viviparous lizard, Mabuya sp.

The neotropical genus Mabuya are obligate placentotrophic viviparous lizards, which have a short vitellogenesis that produces microlecithal oocytes and a prolonged time of gestation (9 to 10 months). The hormonal control of female reproductive activity during follicular growth and pregnancy has not been studied, although it is known that the corpus luteum can produce progesterone, but regresses early in pregnancy, being replaced in this function by the placenta. Through enzyme immunoassay (EIA) we measured the plasma concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in females of a population of Mabuya sp at different stages of their reproductive cycle. Previously, we confirmed the presence of P4 in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography methods with diode-array detector ultraviolet (HPLC-DAD-UV). The average concentration values of E2 and P4 were compared among reproductive stages and their dynamics were related to what is known in other oviparous and viviparous amniotes. The plasma E2 concentrations of Mabuya sp. are below the levels found in other viviparous reptiles, probably related to the substantial reduction of its follicular growth phase. Its highest concentration was detected during vitellogenesis, related to its function in the growth and maturation of the ovarian follicles and oviduct preparation for pregnancy; lower levels were observed during pregnancy, but they increase at the end when a new vitellogenesis event begins and massive placental maternal-fetal nutrient transfer occurs. High concentrations of P4 were found during pregnancy, related to its function in the maintenance of the developing embryos within the oviduct. The highest levels of P4 were found at early gestation, then they descend from mid-gestation to the end of gestation. Although some characteristics of hormonal control related to the high level of placentotrophy were observed in this species, the changes in plasma sex steroid concentrations during the reproductive cycle in females of Mabuya sp. follow patterns seen in other viviparous amniotes.

Comparação entre as técnicas de estimulação sensorial em diferentes texturas e banho de contraste na melhora da sensibilidade plantar em indivíduos portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Comparison between sensory stimulation techniques at different textures and contrast bath on improving plantar sensitivity in patients with diabetes type 2

Introdução: O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é considerado um dos principais problemas da saúde pública. Assim, uma das complicações a longo prazo está relacionada as alterações de sensibilidade principalmente na região podal. Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos entre as técnicas de estimulação sensorial em diferentes texturas e o banho de contraste para melhora da sensibilidade plantar de indivíduos diabéticos tipo 2. Métodos: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado, no qual os indivíduos foram inclusos por ordem de adesão através de sorteio, sendo 6 participantes do circuito com estações em diferentes texturas (GDT) e 6 participantes do revezamento em banho de contraste (GBC) com idade média de 63 ± 12 e 56 ± 11 anos. A avaliação sensitiva foi realizada em 9 pontos dos pés, antes e após 24 intervenções fisioterapêuticas, sendo aplicadas 5 dias por semana. Resultados: Tanto a técnica GDT quanto a GBC apresentaram melhora significativa, com o valor de p < 0,0001 comparando o antes e depois. A variável entre os grupos obteve o resultado de 0,0258. Conclusão: Foi possível identificar que as duas técnicas promoveram a melhora da sensibilidade plantar de forma significativa, evidenciando que a técnica do banho de contraste mostrou-se mais eficaz comparada a variável do protocolo de diferentes texturas. (AU)

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) is considered one of the major public health problems. Thus, one of the long-term complications is related to changes in sensitivity, especially in the foot region. Objective: To compare the effects between sensory stimulation techniques in different textures and the contrast bath to improve plantar sensitivity of type 2 diabetic individuals. Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial, in which the individuals were included by order of adherence by lottery, being 6 participants in the circuit with stations in different textures (GDT) and 6 participants in the contrast bath relay (GBC) with mean age of 63 ± 12 and 56 ± 11 years. The sensory evaluation was performed in 9 points of the feet before and after 24 physiotherapeutic interventions, being applied 5 days a week. Results: Both the GDT and GBC techniques showed significant improvement, with the value of p < 0.0001 comparing the before and after. The variable between the groups obtained the result of p < 0.0258. Conclusion: It was possible to identify that both techniques promoted the return of plantar sensitivity significantly, showing that the contrast bath technique was more effective compared to the protocol variable of different textures. (AU)

Apontamentos sobre a dimensão territorial da pandemia da Covid-19 e os fatores que contribuem para aumentar a vulnerabilidade socioespacial nas unidades de desenvolvimento humano de áreas metropolitanas brasileiras / Nota Técnica n. 15 (Dirur): Apontamentos sobre a dimensão territorial da pandemia da Covid-19 e os fatores que contribuem para aumentar a vulnerabilidade socioespacial nas unidades de desenvolvimento humano de áreas metropolitanas brasileira / Português

A nota explora a associação entre as características socioeconômicas, demográficas e as condições de infraestrutura urbana dos espaços urbanos e a vulnerabilidade à contaminação pela Covid-19, propondo a identificação e o mapeamento do grau de vulnerabilidade socioespacial à contaminação pela Covid-19.

Inspiratory muscle training improves performance of a repeated sprints ability test in professional soccer players.

BACKGROUND: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is an important method of attenuating both respiratory and peripheral effort perceptions, consequently improving neuromuscular performance and resulting in greater improvements in exercise capacity than exercise training alone. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IMT on exercise tolerance, repeated sprint ability (RSA) performance, maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) in a cohort of professional male soccer players. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy male professional soccer players (18.3 ±â€¯1.4 years; 174.5 ±â€¯6.1 cm; 70.5 kg ±â€¯4.6 kg; body fat 10.1 ±â€¯4.2%) from a club in the Brazilian first division soccer league participated in this study. IMT consisted of 15 and 30 self-paced inspiratory breaths (each to 50% maximal static inspiratory pressure [P0]) in the 1-and 2-week intervention period, respectively. IMT was performed prior to soccer training (1 sets.d-1; 6 d.wk-1) with repeated sprint ability (RSA) assessed pre- and post- the 2-week period of IMT. RESULTS: Statistical analyses identified a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in sprint time post-IMT. Additionally, RSAbest, RSAmean, total sprint time and percentage of RSA performance decrement (RSA % dec) also showed significant decreases (p < 0.0001) post-IMT. Additional measures including MIP and PIF were also significantly elevated (p < 0.0002) following the 2-week period of IMT. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results raise two important issues. Firstly, IMT demonstrated enhanced inspiratory muscle strength in professional soccer players. Secondly, this increase in inspiratory muscle efficiency led to a decrease in sprint time and improved exercise tolerance. We recommend that a standard training protocol be developed and tested in an experimental and control group with a large representative sample.

Influência da altura da câmera em fotogrametria computadorizada: amplitude articular / Influence of the photographic camera height by computerized photogrammetry: joint amplitude

O movimento humano, e suas disfunções, constituem o principal objeto de estudos da fisioterapia. Nesse sentido, compreender e analisar de forma objetiva e precisa a complexidade dos gestos motores do ser humano, trata-se de uma questão essencial que demanda o desenvolvimento de ferramentas que possibilitem alcançar um diagnóstico funcional preciso. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho verificar se a mudança de posição da altura da câmera fotográfica promove variação do resultado da análise de amplitude articular do cotovelo, por meio da fotogrametria computadorizada e se altura influência na análise fotogramétrica. Foram selecionados entre os acadêmicos do 4° e 5° ano do curso de Fisioterapia da UEPA, 6 examinadores. Esses examinadores se dedicaram a obter os valores angulares de ADM da articulação do cotovelo. De vários ângulos, apenas um ângulo foi levado em consideração para a análise estatística, chamado ângulo-chave, posteriormente os dados foram analisados no programa BioEstat 5.0 e SPSS 18. Através dos resultados encontrados, observou-se distribuição normal para os dados obtidos em todas as diferentes alturas da câmera fotográfica, exceto para a altura de 50 cm. Notouse também, o mesmo padrão de variância em todas as alturas testadas, demonstrando variação não significante entre os resultados da amostra. Conclui-se, que as variações na altura da câmera fotográfica, não foram capazes de alterar significativamente o resultado final da análise por fotogrametria computadorizada. Identificou-se que a altura de 50 cm influencia no resultado final, pois a mesma demonstrou nesta investigação um risco de apresentar resultados inconsistentes estatisticamente (p=0.01). Desse modo, não se recomenda a utilização dessa altura de câmera fotográfica, evitando erros na interpretação das análises fotogramétricas....(AU)

Human movement, and its dysfunctions, are the main object of physical therapy studies. In this sense, to understand and analyze in an objective and precise way the complexity of the human motor gestures, it is an essential question that demands the development of tools that allow to reach a precise functional diagnosis. The objective of this study was to verify if the change of position of the photographic camera height promotes variation of the results of the joint amplitude analysis of the elbow, through computerized photogrammetry and if height influence in the photogrammetric analysis. Six examiners were selected among the academics of the 4th and 5th year of the UEPA Physiotherapy course. These examiners were dedicated to obtaining the angular values of ADM from the elbow joint. From several angles, only one angle was taken into account for the statistical analysis, called the key angle, later the data were analyzed in the program BioEstat 5.0 and SPSS 18. Through the results found, it was observed a normal distribution for the data obtained in all the different heights of the camera, except for the height of 50cm. The same pattern of variance was also observed in all the tested heights, demonstrating nonsignificant variation among the results of the sample. It was concluded that the variations in the height of the photographic camera were not able to significantly alter the final result of the analysis by computerized photogrammetry. It was identified that the height of 50cm influenced the final result, since it showed in this investigation a risk of presenting inconsistent results statistically (p = 0.01). Therefore, the use of this camera height is not recommended, avoiding errors in the interpretation of photogrammetric analyzes....(AU)

Genome sequencing of Burkholderia contaminans LTEB11 reveals a lipolytic arsenal of biotechnological interest.

Burkholderia contaminans LTEB11 is a Gram-negative betaproteobacterium isolated as a contaminant of a culture in mineral medium supplemented with vegetable oil. Here, we report the genome sequence of B. contaminans LTEB11, identifying and analyzing the genes involved in its lipolytic machinery and in the production of other biotechnological products.

Modos de ser e trabalhar de caminhoneira: estratégia de viver a vida / Ways of being and work of womantruck drive: strategy of living the life / Modos de ser y trabajar de camionera: estrategia de vivir la vida / Modes d'être et de travailler comme conductrice de camion: stratégie pour vivre la vie

O estudo destaca a estratégia de viver a vida de caminhoneira, suportado nas noções de trabalho imaterial e vida líquida. Caminhoneiras atuantes no transporte rodoviário de cargas de longo percurso e duração participaram da pesquisa exploratória por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise do conteúdo apontou que a caminhoneira desempenha atividades que se aproximam da noção de trabalho imaterial e possibilitou estender a noção de estratégia tomada de Bauman à vida cotidiana. Seu dia a dia remete à vida líquida; remete à indistinção entre tempo/espaço de trabalho e vida; ao percurso e cenário que extrapolam a boleia; aos elementos culturais associados à estrada. Entre truques e traquejos, a estratégia de viver a vida concentra-se em reinícios indolores que demandam manter o jogo curto e o itinerário minimamente reconhecível. Para prosseguir na profissão, em perspectiva gradiente, a caminhoneira contempla facetas do turista, andarilho e jogador, conforme metáforas apresentadas por Bauman.

The study highlights the strategy of living the life of a female truck driver, based on the notions of immaterial labor and liquid life. Female truck driver engaged in long-distance and long-haul freight transportation participated in the exploratory research through semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the content indicated that the female truck driver performs activities that approach the notion of immaterial work and made possible to extend the notion of strategy taken from Bauman to daily life. Her daily life refers to liquid life; refers to the indistinction between time / space of work and life; the route and scenario that extrapolate the truck; cultural elements associated with the road. Between tricks and great experience, the strategy of living the life concentrates in painless restarts that demand to keep the game short and the itinerary minimally recognizable. To continue in the profession, in gradient perspective, the female trucker driver contemplates facets of the tourist, wanderer and player, according to metaphors presented by Bauman.

Este trabajo enfoca la estrategia de vivir la vida como camionera, basada en las nociones de trabajo inmaterial y vida líquida. Camioneras actuantes en el transporte de cargas en carretera de largo trayecto y tiempo participaron de la investigación de exploración por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis del contenido indicó que la camionera cumple actividades que se acercan a la noción de trabajo inmaterial y posibilitó la extensión de la noción de estrategia de Bauman a la vida cotidiana. Su jornada remete a la vida líquida; remete a la indistinción entre tiempo/espacio de trabajo y vida; al trayecto y escenario que extrapolan la cabina; a los elementos culturales relacionados a la carretera. Entre trucos y experiencias, la estrategia de vivir la vida está centrada en nuevos comienzos indoloros que demandan mantener el corto juego y la ruta mínimamente reconocible. Para seguir adelante en la profesión, en perspectiva gradiente, la camionera contempla facetas del turista, andador y jugador, según metáforas presentadas por Bauman.

L'étude met en évidence la stratégie de vivre la vie d'un conductrice de camion. Pour cela, on s'appuie sur les notions de travail immatériel et de vie liquide. Les conductrices de camions engagées dans le transport de marchandises sur des longues distances ont participé à la recherche exploratoire au moyen d'entretiens semi-structurés. L'analyse du contenu indique que le conductrice de camion exerce des activités qui abordent la notion de travail immatériel et a permit d'étendre la notion de stratégie prise de Bauman à la vie quotidienne. Sa vie quotidienne fait référence à la vie liquide; fait référence à la distinction entre temps / espace de travail et de vie; à la route et au scénario qui extrapole la cabine du camion; aux éléments culturels associés à la route. Entre astuces et compétences, la stratégie de vivre la vie se concentre sur des redémarrages sans douleur qui exigent de garder le jeu court et l'itinéraire minimalement reconnaissable. Pour exercer son métier, dans une perspective gradient, la conductrice de camion contemple les facettes du touriste, du voyageur et du joueur, selon les métaphores présentées par Bauman.

Vulnerabilidade social no Brasil: conceitos, métodos e primeiros resultados para municípios e regiões metropolitanas brasileiras

l nas diversas escalas do território brasileiro. Tais condições podem estar presentes a partir de diversos fatores envoltos na temática social, como os contextos de trabalho e renda, educação e saúde, condições de transporte, habitação e saneamento. O IVS é um índice sintético construído com base em indicadores que expressam fragilidades sociais a partir desses fatores. Este texto apresenta o processo de criação do IVS ao considerar seus aspectos e limitações conceituais, metodológicas e estatísticas. Após essa apresentação, o trabalho traz uma análise dos resultados do IVS, suas dimensões e indicadores para 2000 e 2010, de modo a traçar as condições de vulnerabilidade social no território brasileiro e exemplificar formas de análise dos dados disponíveis no AVS.

Hanseníase e Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma avaliação de estrutura do programa / Leprosy and Primary Health Care: program structure assessment

RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a estrutura do programa municipal de controle da hanseníase, em Canaã dos Carajás (Pará), no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Trata-se de um estudo de avaliação de programas de saúde, com foco na hanseníase, tendo como público-alvo os gestores do programa de hanseníase e os gerentes das unidades de saúde da atenção primária. Foram utilizados dois questionários diferentes, elaborados especificamente para esse fim. Concluiu-se que o município em questão possui uma estrutura classificada entre insatisfatória e regular, demonstrando várias fragilidades no programa avaliado, para o atendimento em hanseníase.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the structure of the municipal program of leprosy control in Canaã dos Carajás (Pará), in the context of Primary Health Care. Methods: this is an assessment of health programs, focusing on leprosy, targeting managers of the leprosy program and managers of health facilities of primary care. Two different questionnaires, developed specifically for this purpose, were used. Conclusion: the municipality in question has a structure classified between poor and regular, showing several weaknesses in the assessed program for the care of leprosy.

Atributos da atenção primária em saúde no controle da hanseníase: ótica do enfermeiro / Atributos de la atención primaria de salud en control de la lepra: óptica del enfermero / Attributes of primary health care in leprosy control: nurse's perspective

Objetivo avaliar a presença e a extensão dos atributos essenciais e derivados da atenção primária em saúde no programa de controle da hanseníase sob a ótica do enfermeiro. Método estudo avaliativo de programas de saúde, realizado entre agosto de 2015 e fevereiro de 2016, com 11 enfermeiros de unidades de saúde da atenção primária. Na coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário para medir a presença e a extensão dos atributos da atenção primária em saúde no controle da doença. Foi realizada análise estatística e descritiva. Resultados o município apresentou, pela média dos escores gerais e dos atributos essenciais e derivados, alta orientação para as ações de controle da hanseníase, com exceção do atributo acesso, que recebeu média abaixo do ponto de corte. Conclusão mesmo com as fragilidades identificadas, o município apresenta alta orientação para o desenvolvimento das ações de controle da hanseníase na atenção primária em saúde.

Objetivo evaluar la presencia y la extensión de los atributos esenciales y derivados de la atención primaria de salud en el programa de control de la lepra en la óptica del enfermero. Método estudio evaluativo de programas de salud, realizado entre agosto de 2015 y febrero de 2016, con 11 enfermeros de unidades de salud de atención primaria. Datos recolectados mediante cuestionario para medir presencia y extensión de los atributos de la atención primaria de salud para control de la enfermedad. Se realizó análisis estadístico y descriptivo. Resultados el municipio presentó, por promedio de puntajes generales y de atributos esenciales y derivados, alta orientación hacia acciones de control de la lepra, exceptuando el atributo acceso, con promedio inferior al punto de corte. Conclusión incluso con las debilidades identificadas, el municipio muestra alta orientación al desarrollo de acciones de control de la lepra en atención primaria de salud.

Objective to evaluate the presence and extension of the essential and derivative attributes of primary health care in a leprosy control program from the perspective of nurses. Method an assessment study of health programs was developed between August 2015 and February 2016, with 11 nurses from primary health care units. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire that measured the presence and extension of attributes of primary health care in leprosy control. Statistical and descriptive analyses were conducted. Results mean general scores and scores on the essential and derivative attributes showed high orientation to leprosy control actions, except for the attribute of access, which showed lower means than the cutoff score. Conclusion despite the weaknesses identified, primary health care in the city presents high orientation to the development of leprosy control actions in primary health care.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes acometidos pela hanseníase atendidos em uma unidade de referência / Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients affected by Leprosy seen in a reference unit

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes acometidos pela hanseníase. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal-observacional realizado em uma unidade de referência com 52 indivíduos afetados pela hanseníase, de ambos os sexos,maiores de 18 anos. Para a coleta de dados, utilizaram-se um questionário socioeconômico e clínico, e a Avaliação Neurológica Simplificada para a determinação do grau de incapacidade física preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde. RESULTADOS: Observou-se o predomínio do sexo masculino (76,92%), com faixa etária entre 41 e 50 anos (30,76%), solteiros (46,15%), com Ensino Fundamental incompleto (51,92%), residindo no município de Santarém (84,61%), lavradores (36,53%), sem exercer nenhuma atividade laboral (73,08%), sem receber benefício da previdência social (73,08%), com renda mensal entre um e dois salários mínimos (55,76%), com classificação operacional multibacilar (96,15%), forma clínica dimorfa (32,69%), com alta da poliquimioterapia (65,38%) e que não realizavam tratamento medicamentoso para quadros reacionais (63,43%). O grau I de incapacidade física foi o mais frequente (50%), seguido do grau II (40,39%). CONCLUSÃO: Mais pesquisas regionais devem ser realizadas para a compreensão dos fatores que contribuem para a manutenção da endemia na região estudada. Ações de vigilância epidemiológica devem ser intensificadas para a realização do diagnóstico e do tratamento precoce da hanseníase na região.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients affected by leprosy. METHODS: Crosssectional, observational study conducted in a Reference Unit with 52 individuals of both genders, over 18 years, affected by leprosy. For data collection a socioeconomic and clinical questionnaire, and the Simplified Neurological Assessment was used for determining the degree of physical disability recommended by the Ministry of Health. RESULTS: The predominance of males (76.92%) was observed. They were between 41 and 50 years (30.76%), single (46.15%), with incomplete primary education (51.92%), residing in the city of Santarém (84.61%), farmers (36.53%), who have no work activity (73.08%) and do not receive the social security benefit (73.08%), with monthly income between one and two minimum wages (55.76%), multibacillary operational classification (96.15%), clinical dimorphic form (32.69%), with high multidrug therapy (65.38%), and who were not under drug treatment for drug reaction cases (63.43%). Grade I physical disability was the most frequent (50%), followed by grade II (40.39%). CONCLUSION: More regional researches should be performed to understand the factors contributing to the endemic continuation in the studied region. Epidemiological surveillance actions must be intensified for the diagnosis and early treatment of leprosy in the region.

Profile of pediatric eye trauma at Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (HBDF), Brasília, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological profile of ocular trauma in children at the HBDF emergency department. METHOD: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. We evaluated 103 cases of ocular trauma in children less than 15 years between July 2012 and January 2013. The factors evaluated through semi-structured questionnaire available online were: age, gender, adult supervision, mechanism, type of trauma, time and place, site and nature of injury, visual acuity, need for hospitalization and/or surgery, type of surgery, mother's level of education, and family income. RESULTS: The average age of patients studied was 7.5 years. Boys (68%) predominate in all age groups. Blunt trauma prevailed (55.3%), followed by open (20%). Most of the cases occurred at home, 14 to 20 hours before seeking hospital care. The most common causes were: wood, stone, bicycle, broken glass, and falls. The cornea was affected in 54%. Visual acuity was ≥20/40 in 68.9%. Primary repair of the eye wall was indicated in 70.37% (p-value=0.022). Open traumas were more severe (p-value=0.005) and had more need for intervention (p-value=0.000). The injuries occurred despite the presence of adult supervision in 54% (p-value=0.002). The most severe injuries predominated in the age range 7-15 years (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Ocular trauma was more frequent among boys. The mechanisms of injury are the most diverse, and prevail at home. Blunt trauma prevails, but the visual impact is due to open trauma. Programs of prevention and education on child ocular trauma are needed.

Biofertilizer in the nutritional quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) / Biofertilizante na qualidade nutricional da alfafa (Medicago sativa L)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the nutritional composition to the application of biofertilizers. The experiment was conducted with increasing doses of biofertilizers in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / UNESP, Araçatuba - Sao Paulo, Brazil, from April to October 2010. The experimental design was completely randomized with six biofertilizer doses from cattle manure (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 m3 ha-1) and five replications. Cuts were performed, on average, every 27 days, 10 cm above the ground when 10% of the plants were flowering. Biofertilization had a positive significant impact on foliar nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and shoot iron concentrations. The values of crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber did not differ between doses of biofertilizers. Biofertilization is a viable alternative for nutrition of this species, showing positive results in the nutritional composition of alfalfa. However, but long-term studies are necessary to assess the environmental impact of these fertilizers.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta da alfafa (Medicago sativa L.) na composição nutricional à aplicação de biofertilizante. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação na Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária/UNESP, Campus de Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil, de abril a outubro de 2010 com doses crescentes de biofertilizante. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, sendo seis doses de biofertilizante oriundo de esterco bovino (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 e 400 m3 ha-1) e cinco repetições. Os cortes foram realizados, em média, a cada 27 dias, quando as plantas estavam com 10% de florescimento a 10 cm de altura do solo. Os teores foliares nitrogênio, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, enxofre e ferro da parte aérea tiveram melhora significativa. Os valores de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente ácido e fibra em detergente neutro não diferiram entre as doses de biofertilizante. O biofertilizante é uma alternativa viável para ser utilizado na nutrição desse vegetal, mostrando resultado positivo na composição nutricional da alfafa, mas estudos de longo prazo devem ser realizados para avaliar melhor o impacto ambiental.(AU)