Refractory Intestinal Behçet-Like Disease Associated with Trisomy 8 Myelodysplastic Syndrome Resolved by Parenteral Nutrition.

Intestinal Behçet disease (BD), associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), is often refractory to treatment. An 80-year-old man with trisomy 8 MDS (refractory anemia) developed intermittent fever. Despite investigations to exclude infectious disease, autoimmune disease, and malignancy as the cause of the fever, the etiology could not be determined. A colonoscopy revealed several shallow round ulcers in the ileocecal region and ascending colon, and the biopsy specimens showed nonspecific inflammation. Thereafter, the patient experienced abdominal pain and diarrhea. Other than an oral aphthous ulcer, the patient did not show symptoms to meet the diagnostic criteria for BD. The patient was diagnosed with intestinal ulcers (intestinal BD-like disease) with MDS and trisomy 8. After treatment failure with 5-aminosalicylic acid, steroid, colchicine, and azacitidine, cerebral infarction occurred. Eating was difficult because of the patient's impaired consciousness; hence, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was commenced. The fever and abdominal symptoms improved with bowel rest over approximately 1 month. Small amounts of food were orally administered to the patient following recovery from the after-effects of the cerebral infarction, but diarrhea and fever repeatedly flared up. Therefore, TPN was continued at home. The patient has not experienced any further intestinal BD symptoms for approximately 1 year with bowel rest. Nutritional therapy, including bowel rest, may be an effective treatment option for intestinal BD with MDS, and might be used as an induction therapy of remission or a supportive therapy for other treatments.

Demonstration of temperature-plateau superheated liquid by photothermal conversion of plasmonic titanium nitride nanostructures.

A liquid can be heated up above its boiling point, known as superheating. In this metastable state, the liquid temperature keeps increasing as the liquid is being heated. In contrast, we experimentally demonstrate that the temperature of superheated water can be kept constant even at elevated heating power. Water heating is done by the photothermal conversion of plasmonic titanium nitride nanostructures on a sapphire substrate under the illumination of continuous wave laser irradiation. The temperature-constant superheating is also observed for ethylene glycol and 2-acetoxy-1-methoxypropane, and is attributed to the high thermal conductivity of the substrate. This unique superheating yet achieved by a simple method can be useful in optical trapping and various optical heating applications.

Collective plasmonic modes excited in Al nanocylinder arrays in the UV spectral region.

A periodic array of plasmonic nanocylinders can sustain both surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and optical diffraction in the plane of the array. Thus the optical energy can be efficiently trapped in the plane of the array, providing a good platform for controlling light. Plasmonic arrays have been investigated in the visible range, while studies in the ultraviolet (UV) range have been limited due to material-related restrictions and higher precision required for optical diffraction in the UV compared to that in the visible range. In this study, we fabricated periodic arrays of Al nanocylinders with periods comparable to optical wavelengths in the UV for simultaneous excitation of both SPPs and optical diffraction in the UV spectral region. We deposited UV-absorbing and highly luminous dielectric films on the arrays, observed enhanced photoluminescence of the film under UV laser excitation, and demonstrated that such periodic arrays can trap the UV light energy. Our findings show that periodic arrays of Al nanocylinders are useful for controlling UV light.

Identification of a Novel C-Terminal Truncated WT1 Isoform with Antagonistic Effects against Major WT1 Isoforms.

The Wilms' tumor gene WT1 consists of 10 exons and encodes a zinc finger transcription factor. There are four major WT1 isoforms resulting from alternative splicing at two sites, exon 5 (17AA) and exon 9 (KTS). All major WT1 isoforms are overexpressed in leukemia and solid tumors and play oncogenic roles such as inhibition of apoptosis, and promotion of cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In the present study, a novel alternatively spliced WT1 isoform that had an extended exon 4 (designated as exon 4a) with an additional 153 bp (designated as 4a sequence) at the 3' end was identified and designated as an Ex4a(+)WT1 isoform. The insertion of exon 4a resulted in the introduction of premature translational stop codons in the reading frame in exon 4a and production of C-terminal truncated WT1 proteins lacking zinc finger DNA-binding domain. Overexpression of the truncated Ex4a(+)WT1 isoform inhibited the major WT1-mediated transcriptional activation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL gene promoter and induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Conversely, suppression of the Ex4a(+)WT1 isoform by Ex4a-specific siRNA attenuated apoptosis. These results indicated that the Ex4a(+)WT1 isoform exerted dominant negative effects on anti-apoptotic function of major WT1 isoforms. Ex4a(+)WT1 isoform was endogenously expressed as a minor isoform in myeloid leukemia and solid tumor cells and increased regardless of decrease in major WT1 isoforms during apoptosis, suggesting the dominant negative effects on anti-apoptotic function of major WT1 isoforms. These results indicated that Ex4a(+)WT1 isoform had an important physiological function that regulated oncogenic function of major WT1 isoforms.