ABSTRACT
The consumption of bovine milk and its derivatives is associated with inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders and the development of diseases in humans. Most studies related to milk effects are based on either clinal trials or experimental models such as mice and cell cultures. In this study we present the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an alternative model to evaluate the effects of milk on oxidative stress in other animal models. The toxicological effect of 20% milk exposure for 8 h on C. elegans was evaluated by progeny quantification, body size and pharyngeal pumping rate. Treating the worms with milk did not affect the worms brood size but interfered with their fecundity by delaying the average number of eggs in the first day of oviposition when compared to the control group. The size of worms treated with milk were significantly smaller compared to control. The pharyngeal pumping rate of milk-treated animals was not significantly different compared to untreated animals. Taking together, the results suggest that 20% milk treatment is not toxic for the worms but induces a minor delay achieving its adulthood and therefore its reproduction period. Milk exposure did not reduce the worms' survival under stress conditions and increase endogenous ROS levels. This study contributes to characterize the effects of milk exposure on the C. elegans nematode.
Subject(s)
Caenorhabditis elegans , Milk , Humans , Female , Animals , Mice , Adult , Body Size , Cell Culture Techniques , Oxidation-ReductionABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to develop fresh and matured cheeses with different bovine colostrum levels, aiming to promote the consumption of dairy products with the addition of colostrum. Four different cheese formulations were produced with a mixture of 0:100, 15:85, 20:80, and 25:75, bovine colostrum:milk (v:v), and aged for 0, 10, 20, and 40 days. Milk, colostrum, and fresh and matured cheeses were submitted to physicochemical characterization. Moreover, microbiological quality, yield, texture profile, color, and sensory acceptance of cheese samples were evaluated. Colostrum supplementation favored low acidity, high moisture, a pH range of 5.0-6.2, and water activity of 0.94-99. Sensory attributes and overall evaluation of all cheese formulations achieved an Acceptability Index above 70, indicating good acceptability. Since cheese with colostrum presented the potential to be used as human food, assessing the presence of colostrum bioactive components in those dairy products is a promising goal for further research.
ABSTRACT
The search for improvements in quality of life has increasingly involved changes in the diet, especially the consumption of foods which, in addition to having good nutritional value, are characterized by offering health benefits. Among the molecules that trigger several beneficial responses are peptides, which are specific fragments of proteins known to produce positive effects on the human body. This review aimed to discuss the bioactive potential of peptides from cheeses. Studies show that the protein composition of some cheese varieties exhibits a potential for the release of bioactive peptides. The production of these peptides can be promoted by some technological procedures that affect the milk structure and constituents. The cheese maturation process stands out for producing bioactive peptides due to the action of enzymes produced by lactic acid bacteria. Thus, in addition to being proteins with high biological value due to their excellent amino acid profile, peptides from some types of cheeses are endowed with functional properties such as anti-hypertensive, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, opioid, and zinc-binding activities.
ABSTRACT
Research was conducted in eight commercial herds located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Properties were classified according to the production system, the seasons were divided into four and the genetic groups into six. Milk samples from morning milking were collected monthly, directly from a cooling tank. Protein, fat, lactose, total solids, casein, urea nitrogen concentrations/levels, somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC) were determined. For milk composition, the detected results were satisfactory and met the requirements of Normative Ruling 62, but the averages for SCC and TBC were above the recommended limit. All variables, with the exception of casein from total protein were influenced (P 0.05) by the production system used in the production unit. A lower fat content was recorded in 2010 compared to 2011. For the seasons, all the constituents of milk had lower values in drier season (seasons 3 and 4), with the exception of casein; SCC and TBC had higher values in periods 1 and 2, which are considered rainy periods. There was variation in the chemical composition of milk according to the genotypes. Milk chemical composition met the legal and market requirements, with a positive emphasis on specialized production systems. The variations over the year and according to the genetic group of the herd are also significant and should be taken...(AU)
A pesquisa foi conduzida em oito rebanhos comerciais situados no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. As propriedades foram classificadas quanto ao sistema de produção, as estações do ano foram divididas em quatro e os grupamentos genéticos em seis. Foram coletadas, mensalmente, diretamente do tanque de resfriamento, amostras de leite na ordenha da manhã. Foram determinados os teores de proteína, gordura, lactose, sólidos totais, caseína, as concentrações de nitrogênio ureico, a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e a contagem bacteriana total (CBT). Para a composição do leite, os resultados detectados foram satisfatórios e atenderam às exigências previstas na Instrução Normativa 62, mas as médias obtidas para CCS e CBT estão acima do limite recomendado. Todas as variáveis analisadas, com exceção da caseína da proteína total, foram influenciadas (P 0,05) pelo sistema de produção utilizado na unidade produtiva. Verificou- se menor teor de gordura em 2010, quando comparado a 2011. Para as estações do ano, com exceção da caseína, todos os constituintes do leite apresentaram menores valores na época mais seca (estações 3 e 4), já a CCS e CBT apresentaram maiores valores nas épocas 1 e 2, que são considerados períodos de chuva. Verificou-se variação na composição química do leite de acordo com os genótipos estudados. A composição química do leite atende às exigências legais e...(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Infant , Milk , Mastitis , CattleABSTRACT
Research was conducted in eight commercial herds located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Properties were classified according to the production system, the seasons were divided into four and the genetic groups into six. Milk samples from morning milking were collected monthly, directly from a cooling tank. Protein, fat, lactose, total solids, casein, urea nitrogen concentrations/levels, somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC) were determined. For milk composition, the detected results were satisfactory and met the requirements of Normative Ruling 62, but the averages for SCC and TBC were above the recommended limit. All variables, with the exception of casein from total protein were influenced (P 0.05) by the production system used in the production unit. A lower fat content was recorded in 2010 compared to 2011. For the seasons, all the constituents of milk had lower values in drier season (seasons 3 and 4), with the exception of casein; SCC and TBC had higher values in periods 1 and 2, which are considered rainy periods. There was variation in the chemical composition of milk according to the genotypes. Milk chemical composition met the legal and market requirements, with a positive emphasis on specialized production systems. The variations over the year and according to the genetic group of the herd are also significant and should be taken...
A pesquisa foi conduzida em oito rebanhos comerciais situados no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. As propriedades foram classificadas quanto ao sistema de produção, as estações do ano foram divididas em quatro e os grupamentos genéticos em seis. Foram coletadas, mensalmente, diretamente do tanque de resfriamento, amostras de leite na ordenha da manhã. Foram determinados os teores de proteína, gordura, lactose, sólidos totais, caseína, as concentrações de nitrogênio ureico, a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e a contagem bacteriana total (CBT). Para a composição do leite, os resultados detectados foram satisfatórios e atenderam às exigências previstas na Instrução Normativa 62, mas as médias obtidas para CCS e CBT estão acima do limite recomendado. Todas as variáveis analisadas, com exceção da caseína da proteína total, foram influenciadas (P 0,05) pelo sistema de produção utilizado na unidade produtiva. Verificou- se menor teor de gordura em 2010, quando comparado a 2011. Para as estações do ano, com exceção da caseína, todos os constituintes do leite apresentaram menores valores na época mais seca (estações 3 e 4), já a CCS e CBT apresentaram maiores valores nas épocas 1 e 2, que são considerados períodos de chuva. Verificou-se variação na composição química do leite de acordo com os genótipos estudados. A composição química do leite atende às exigências legais e...
Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Infant , Cattle , Milk , MastitisABSTRACT
Adverse reactions to food intake have very diverse etiology and symptomatology. Regarding milk, its food allergy is presented as lactose intolerance, the sugar in milk, or allergy to milk protein. Despite having different symptomatology, confusions among allergic conditions to dairy and its mediators are common. Milk protein allergy originates from protein components present in milk, causing reactions to either the protein fractions in emulsion (caseins) or in whey (milk albumin). The allergic reaction is type IV mediated by T lymphocytes. The allergic reaction produces severe cellular damage and it triggers physical, mental and emotional symptomatology that may vary in time, intensity and severity. Lactose intolerance is originated by total or partial absence of the enzyme that digests this disaccharide. Lactose intolerance can be primary or congenital and secondary; the former being more rare and severe, the latter being more common. Lactase deficiency can be diagnosed by symptoms associated with cramping and diarrhea. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct a review of available literature on cow's milk protein allergy and lactose intolerance.(AU)