The influence of neighborhood safety and built environment on childhood obesity: isolated and combined effect of contextual factors.

This study aims to analyze the isolated and combined effect of objective measures concerning neighborhood safety, food, and physical activity environments on students' obesity. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 9- and 10-year-old children enrolled in the municipal education network of a Brazilian metropolis. Environment objective measures comprised neighborhood unsafety (annual criminality and road traffic accident rates), availability of public parks and spaces for physical activity practicing, and index of establishments that predominantly sell ultra-processed food. Euclidean buffers of 1,000m around the children's house were used as eligible geographic units. This study adopted the Principal Component Analysis and Generalized Estimation Equation models. Stratified analyses were conducted based on neighborhood unsafety and on child's family income. In total, 717 students were assessed, 12.2% of them were children with obesity. The latent variable of the obesogenic environment (deduced by environment unsafety rates and the index of establishments that predominantly sell ultra-processed food) was a risk factor for obesity in children with lower socioeconomic levels (OR = 2.37; 95%CI: 1.06-5.19). Public parks and spaces for physical activity practicing were protective factors against childhood obesity only in locations recording the lowest environment unsafety rates (OR = 0.30; 95%CI: 0.09-0.94). Based on our findings, social conditions change the effect of the environment on childhood obesity, reinforcing the relevance of inter-sectoral policies and strategies against this condition.

Evaluation of Nutrient Consumption for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases in Health Promotion Services: A Controlled and Randomized Community Trial to Promote Fruits and Vegetables.

To evaluate the effectiveness of a collective intervention to encourage the consumption of fruits and vegetables on the nutrients intake for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), a randomized controlled community trial was conducted with a representative sample from the Health Academy Program. While the individuals in the control group (CG) participated in regular physical exercise, those in the intervention group (IG) also participated in a collective intervention. After 12 months, IG and CG showed a reduction in energy, omega 3 and sodium intake and an increase in the consumption of carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Individuals from the CG showed an increase in phosphorus consumption and, in the IG, a reduction in the consumption of total, saturated, and polyunsaturated fats as well as an increase in the consumption of monounsaturated fats was seen. In both groups, there was an increase in the prevalence of adequate nutrients. Participation in the nutritional intervention was associated with lower consumption of energy and protein in the diet. The results pointed to the importance of individuals' participation in the program, which, associated with nutritional intervention, promoted an improvement in the nutrient profile of the diet and the prevention and control of NCDs.

Effect of antenatal omega-3 supplementation on maternal depressive symptoms from pregnancy to 6 months postpartum: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted with sixty pregnant women to evaluate the effect of antenatal omega-3 supplementation on maternal depressive symptoms from pregnancy to 6 months postpartum. METHODS: Participants with gestational age between 22 and 24 weeks were randomized in placebo (olive oil; n = 30) or omega-3 (fish oil; n = 30) groups and supplemented until childbirth. Fish oil capsules provided 1440 mg/day of docosahexaenoic acid. Depressive symptoms were evaluated during the gestational period: (G1) 22-24 weeks; (G2) 26-28 weeks; (G3) 30-32 weeks; (G4) 34-36 weeks; and postpartum: (P1) second week; (P2) first month; (P3) fourth month; and (P4) sixth month, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). RESULTS: Comparison between groups showed no differences in the EPDS score at any time during pregnancy or postpartum, in both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis (p > 0.05). Both groups presented a reduction in the EPDS score over time. According to intention-to-treat analysis, when comparing to the baseline, the placebo group showed a reduction in the EPDS score at P1 and P4, while the omega-3 group showed a reduction at all times from G4 to P4. In per-protocol analysis, the placebo group showed a reduction in the EPDS score at P3, while the omega-3 group showed a reduction at all times from G2 to P4. CONCLUSIONS: The supplementation with omega-3 did not promote significant differences between groups. However, an earlier reduction in the EPDS score was observed in the omega-3 group, which may indicate a benefit of antenatal omega-3 supplementation.

Weight retention 12 months postpartum: association with sociodemographic, gestational and puerperal factors / Retenção de peso 12 meses pós-parto: associação com fatores sociodemográficos, gestacionais e puerperais

Abstract Objectives: to investigate the association between sociodemographic, gestational/puerperal factors and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) after 12 months in Brazilian women at a university hospital. Methods: prospective cohort with puerperal women recruited at the maternity ward of a university hospital in a Brazilian metropolis. At baseline (n=260), sociodemographic and anthropometric information on the mother-child binomial and data related to the gestational period were collected. Maternal dietary patterns were measured using a food frequency questionnaire and subsequently determined by Principal Component Analysis. Results: 75 women, with a mean age of 28.4 years (CI95%= 27.0-29.7), 25.3% with excessive PPPR, with an average of 3.6 kg (CI95%= 1.7) continued in the follow-up. -5.4). Higher gestational weight gain (GWG) (ß= 0.36; CI95%= 0.18-0.70) and lower maternal age (ß= -0.41; CI95%= -0.92--0.22) were PRPP predictors (p=0.001) (adjusted for per capita income, parity, type of delivery, number of prenatal visits, baby's birth weight, breastfeeding and physical activity). Conclusion: there was a high occurrence of excessive PPPR, favored by higher GPG and lower maternal age. This highlights the importance of monitoring women's health during the reproductive period, with guidance on ways of life (diet and physical activity), to favor better outcomes for mother-child.

Resumo Objetivos: investigar a associação entre fatores sociodemográficos, gestacionais/puerperais com a retenção de peso pós-parto (RPPP) após 12 meses em mulheres brasileiras em hospital universitário. Métodos: coorte prospectiva com puérperas recrutadas na maternidade do hospital universitário de uma metrópole brasileira. Na linha de base (n=260) foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas, antropométricas do binômio mãe-filho e dados relativos ao período gestacional. O padrão alimentar materno foi mensurado por meio do questionário de frequência alimentar e posteriormente determinado pela Análise de Componentes Principais. A RPPP foi classificada como risco para obesidade se ≥7,5Kg. Resultados: 75 mulheres continuaram no seguimento, com média de 28,4 anos de idade (IC95%= 27,0−29,7), 25,3% com RPPP excessiva, sendo em média 3,6 Kg (IC95%= 1,7−5,4). Maior ganho de peso gestacional (GPG) (β= 0,36; IC95%= 0,18-0,70) e menor idade materna (β= −0,41; IC95%= −0,92--0,22) foram preditores da RPPP (p≥0,001) (ajustado pela renda per capita, paridade, tipo de parto, número de consultas pré-natal, peso ao nascer do bebê, aleitamento materno e atividade física). Conclusão: evidenciou-se elevada ocorrência de RPPP excessiva, favorecida pelo maior GPG e menor idade materna. Aponta-se assim a importância do monitoramento da saúde da mulher durante o período reprodutivo, com orientações sobre modos de vida (alimentação e atividade física), para favorecer melhores desfechos para mãe-filho.

The influence of neighborhood safety and built environment on childhood obesity: isolated and combined effect of contextual factors / A influência da segurança da vizinhança e do ambiente construído sobre a obesidade infantil: efeitos isolado e combinado de fatores contextuais / La influencia de la seguridad del vecindario y el ambiente construido sobre la obesidad infantil: efectos aislados y combinados de los factores contextuales

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the isolated and combined effect of objective measures concerning neighborhood safety, food, and physical activity environments on students' obesity. This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 9- and 10-year-old children enrolled in the municipal education network of a Brazilian metropolis. Environment objective measures comprised neighborhood unsafety (annual criminality and road traffic accident rates), availability of public parks and spaces for physical activity practicing, and index of establishments that predominantly sell ultra-processed food. Euclidean buffers of 1,000m around the children's house were used as eligible geographic units. This study adopted the Principal Component Analysis and Generalized Estimation Equation models. Stratified analyses were conducted based on neighborhood unsafety and on child's family income. In total, 717 students were assessed, 12.2% of them were children with obesity. The latent variable of the obesogenic environment (deduced by environment unsafety rates and the index of establishments that predominantly sell ultra-processed food) was a risk factor for obesity in children with lower socioeconomic levels (OR = 2.37; 95%CI: 1.06-5.19). Public parks and spaces for physical activity practicing were protective factors against childhood obesity only in locations recording the lowest environment unsafety rates (OR = 0.30; 95%CI: 0.09-0.94). Based on our findings, social conditions change the effect of the environment on childhood obesity, reinforcing the relevance of inter-sectoral policies and strategies against this condition.

Resumo: Este artigo busca analisar os efeitos isolado e combinado de medidas objetivas relativas à segurança da vizinhança, alimentação e ambientes de atividade física sobre a obesidade de crianças em idade escolar. Este estudo transversal foi realizado com crianças de 9 e 10 anos de idade que estavam matriculadas na rede municipal de ensino de uma metrópole brasileira. As medidas objetivas ambientais incluíram a insegurança nos bairros (índices anuais de criminalidade e acidentes de trânsito), disponibilidade de logradouros e espaços públicos para a prática de atividade física e o índice de estabelecimentos que comercializam majoritariamente alimentos ultraprocessados. Um buffer euclidiano de 1.000m em torno da casa das crianças foi tomado como unidade geográfica elegível. Nossa análise englobou os modelos de Análise de Componentes Principais e de Estimação de Equação Generalizada. Análises estratificadas foram realizadas com base na insegurança da vizinhança e na renda familiar da família da criança. Avaliamos 717 estudantes, 12,2% dos quais eram obesos. A variável latente ambiente obesogênico (deduzida das taxas de insegurança ambiental e do índice de estabelecimentos que comercializam majoritariamente alimentos ultraprocessados) constituiu o fator de risco para obesidade em crianças em famílias de baixa renda (OR = 2,37; IC95%: 1,06-5,19). Parques e espaços públicos para a prática de atividade física foram fatores de proteção contra a obesidade infantil apenas nos locais que registraram as menores taxas de insegurança ambiental (OR = 0,30; IC95%: 0,09-0,94). Com base em nossos achados, a condição social modifica o efeito do ambiente sobre a obesidade infantil e reforça a relevância de políticas e estratégias intersetoriais para prevenir a obesidade infantil.

Resumen: Este artículo busca analizar los efectos aislados y combinados de medidas objetivas relacionadas con la seguridad del vecindario, la alimentación y los ambientes de actividad física sobre la obesidad de los niños en edad escolar. Este estudio transversal fue realizado con niños de 9 y 10 años de edad que estaban matriculados en la red municipal de enseñanza de una metrópoli brasileña. Las medidas objetivas ambientales incluyeron la inseguridad en los barrios (índices anuales de criminalidad y accidentes de tránsito), disponibilidad de espacios públicos para la práctica de actividad física y el índice de establecimientos que comercializan mayoritariamente alimentos ultraprocesados. Se tomó como unidad geográfica elegible un buffer euclidiano de 1.000 metros en torno a la casa de los niños. Nuestro análisis abarcó los modelos de Análisis de Componentes Principales y Estimación de Ecuaciones Generalizadas. Se realizaron análisis estratificados basados en la inseguridad del vecindario y en los ingresos de la familia del niño. Evaluamos a 717 estudiantes, de los cuales el 12,2% eran obesos. La variable latente ambiente obesogénico (deducida de las tasas de inseguridad ambiental y del índice de establecimientos que comercializan mayoritariamente alimentos ultraprocesados) constituyó el factor de riesgo de obesidad en niños de familias con bajos ingresos (OR = 2,37; IC95%: 1,06-5,19). Los parques y espacios públicos para la práctica de actividad física fueron factores de protección contra la obesidad infantil solo en los lugares que registraron las menores tasas de inseguridad ambiental (OR = 0,30; IC95%: 0,09-0,94). Sobre la base de nuestros hallazgos, la condición social modifica el efecto del ambiente sobre la obesidad infantil y refuerza la relevancia de las políticas y estrategias intersectoriales para prevenir la obesidad infantil.

Association between ultra-processed food consumption and nutrient intake among low-risk pregnant women / Associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e a ingestão de nutrientes em gestantes de risco habitual

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption in pregnant women's diets associated with nutrient intake. Methods: a cross-sectional study using socioeconomic, anthropometric and food consumption data from low-risk pregnant women. Consumption of energy, macro and micronutrient were obtained through two 24-hour recalls (R24h). The UPF were identified using the NOVA classification, and the percentage of energy from this food was classified in quartiles and associated with nutrient intake. So, the ANCOVA test adjusted for age and per capita income were adopted. Results: a total of 60 pregnant women with a mean of age of 28.44 (CI95%=27.20-29.69) years old were evaluated. The average percentage of UPF in the diet was 20.68 (CI95%=17.88-23.47). Pregnant women in the highest quartile of UPF consumption had lower protein intake (13.48g vs. 18.84g; p=0.031) and lower zinc intake (4.52mg vs. 6.18mg; p=0.045) when compared to those in the lowest quartile. Conclusions: the results showed a negative relationship between the participation of UPF in pregnant women's diets and the intake of protein and zinc, important nutrients for the gestational period. Such findings reinforce the importance of promoting healthy eating habits during pregnancy to ensure an adequate supply of nutrients in this phase.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) e sua associação com a ingestão de nutrientes entre gestantes de risco habitual. Métodos: estudo transversal com dados socioeconômicos, antropométricos e de consumo alimentar de gestantes de risco habitual. O consumo de energia, macro e micronutrientes foi obtido através de dois Recordatórios 24 horas (R24h). Os AUP foram identificados através da classificação NOVA, e o percentual de calorias proveniente destes alimentos foi classificado em quartis e associado à ingestão de nutrientes. Para tal, adotou-se o teste ANCOVA ajustado segundo a idade e a renda per capita. Resultados: foram avaliadas 60 gestantes com média de idade de 28,44 (IC95%=27,20-29,69) anos. O percentual médio de AUP na dieta foi de 20,68 (IC95%=17,88-23,47). Gestantes no maior quartil de consumo de AUP apresentaram menor ingestão de proteína (13,48g vs. 18,84g; p=0,031) e zinco (4,52mg vs. 6,18mg; p=0,045) quando comparadas ao menor quartil. Conclusão: os resultados evidenciaram uma relação desfavorável entre a participação de AUP na dieta e a ingestão de proteínas e zinco, nutrientes importantes para o período gestacional. Tais achados reforçam a importância da promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis durante a gestação para garantir o aporte adequado de nutrientes nessa fase.

Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy and Gestational Weight Gain: A Systematic Review / Padrões alimentares durante a gravidez e ganho de peso gestacional: Uma revisão sistemática

Abstract The present systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42020148630) hypothesizes the association of excessive weight gain during pregnancywith dietary patterns composed of ultraprocessed foods. Thus, the objective was to investigate the association between dietary patterns after analysis and weight gain during pregnancy. The search for articles was performed in nine databases. Two reviewers selected the articles in the databases and extracted from them the data used in the review. Two scales were used to evaluate the quality of the selected studies: New Castle-Ottawa Quality Assessment for cohort-based studies and Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) for cross-sectional-based studies. In total, 11 studies were identified with sample size variation (n=173-5,733). Women presenting more adherence to healthy and traditional patterns (fruits, vegetables, salads, nuts, and dairy) recorded less excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Higher intake ofmixed patterns and western patterns rich in ultraprocessed foods were associated with a higher prevalence of excessive GWG (24.48- 55.20%). Gestational dietary patterns a posteriori-derived that have presented ultraprocessed components rich in fat and sugars presented association with high GWG; healthy and traditional dietary patterns were related to better mother-child health conditions, such as adequate GWG.

Resumo A presente revisão sistemática (PROSPERO: CRD42020148630) tem como hipótese que o ganho de peso excessivo durante a gravidez está associado aos padrões alimentares compostos por alimentos ultraprocessados. Desta forma, objetivou-se investigar a associação entre o padrão alimentar a posteriori e o ganho de peso durante a gestação. A busca de artigos foi realizada em nove bases de dados. Dois revisores selecionaram os artigos nestas bases e extraíram as informações utilizadas na revisão. Duas escalas foram utilizadas para avaliar a qualidade dos estudos selecionados: Escala de Avaliação da Qualidade de New Castle-Ottawa para estudos baseados em coortes e a Ferramenta de Avaliação de Estudos Transversais (escala AXIS) para estudos transversais. No total, foram identificados 11 trabalhos com variação do tamanho amostral (n=173-5.733). As mulheres que apresentaram maior adesão aos padrões alimentares saudáveis e tradicionais (frutas, hortaliças e vegetais, nozes e laticínios) apresentarammenor ganho de peso gestacional (GPG). A maior ingestão de padrões alimentares mistos e ocidentais ricos em alimentos ultraprocessados foi associada a uma maior prevalência de GPG excessivo (24,48-55,20%). Os padrões alimentares gestacionais derivados a posteriori que apresentaram componentes ultraprocessados ricos em gordura e açúcares apresentaram associação como maior GPG; os padrões alimentares saudáveis e tradicionais foram relacionados a melhores condições de saúde maternoinfantil, como GPG adequado.

Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy and Gestational Weight Gain: A Systematic Review.

The present systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42020148630) hypothesizes the association of excessive weight gain during pregnancy with dietary patterns composed of ultraprocessed foods. Thus, the objective was to investigate the association between dietary patterns after analysis and weight gain during pregnancy. The search for articles was performed in nine databases. Two reviewers selected the articles in the databases and extracted from them the data used in the review. Two scales were used to evaluate the quality of the selected studies: New Castle-Ottawa Quality Assessment for cohort-based studies and Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) for cross-sectional-based studies. In total, 11 studies were identified with sample size variation (n = 173-5,733). Women presenting more adherence to healthy and traditional patterns (fruits, vegetables, salads, nuts, and dairy) recorded less excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Higher intake of mixed patterns and western patterns rich in ultraprocessed foods were associated with a higher prevalence of excessive GWG (24.48-55.20%). Gestational dietary patterns a posteriori-derived that have presented ultraprocessed components rich in fat and sugars presented association with high GWG; healthy and traditional dietary patterns were related to better mother-child health conditions, such as adequate GWG.

A presente revisão sistemática (PROSPERO: CRD42020148630) tem como hipótese que o ganho de peso excessivo durante a gravidez está associado aos padrões alimentares compostos por alimentos ultraprocessados. Desta forma, objetivou-se investigar a associação entre o padrão alimentar a posteriori e o ganho de peso durante a gestação. A busca de artigos foi realizada em nove bases de dados. Dois revisores selecionaram os artigos nestas bases e extraíram as informações utilizadas na revisão. Duas escalas foram utilizadas para avaliar a qualidade dos estudos selecionados: Escala de Avaliação da Qualidade de New Castle-Ottawa para estudos baseados em coortes e a Ferramenta de Avaliação de Estudos Transversais (escala AXIS) para estudos transversais. No total, foram identificados 11 trabalhos com variação do tamanho amostral (n = 173­5.733). As mulheres que apresentaram maior adesão aos padrões alimentares saudáveis e tradicionais (frutas, hortaliças e vegetais, nozes e laticínios) apresentaram menor ganho de peso gestacional (GPG). A maior ingestão de padrões alimentares mistos e ocidentais ricos em alimentos ultraprocessados foi associada a uma maior prevalência de GPG excessivo (24,48­55,20%). Os padrões alimentares gestacionais derivados a posteriori que apresentaram componentes ultraprocessados ricos em gordura e açúcares apresentaram associação com o maior GPG; os padrões alimentares saudáveis e tradicionais foram relacionados a melhores condições de saúde materno-infantil, como GPG adequado.

Dietary fatty acids, omega-6/omega-3 ratio and cholesterol intake associated with depressive symptoms in low-risk pregnancy.

ABSTRACTObjective: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association of dietary fatty acids, cholesterol and omega-6/omega-3 ratio to depressive symptoms in a sample of low-risk pregnant women.Methods: Pregnant women (n = 60) within 20-40 years of age and with 22-24 gestational weeks were evaluated. Food intake was assessed by two 24-h recalls and depressive symptoms according to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 18.3%. The Prevalence Ratio (PR) adjusted by per capita income, history of depression and pregnancy intention, showed a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms among pregnant women with excessive total fatty acid intake (PR: 5.80; CI95% 1.20-27.7) and omega-6/omega-3 ratio above 10:1 (PR: 3.63; CI95% 1.20-10.94).Discussion: Our results indicated a higher risk of depressive symptoms among pregnant women with total fatty acids intake and omega-6/omega-3 ratio above recommendation, but further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of dietary fatty acids in the onset of maternal depression.

Influence of ultra-processed foods consumption during pregnancy on baby's anthropometric measurements, from birth to the first year of life: a systematic review / Influência do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados durante a gestação nas medidas antropométricas do bebê, do nascimento ao primeiro ano de vida: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Objectives: to perform a systematic review of studies that investigated the influence of ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption during pregnancy on child's anthropometric parameters up to one year of life. Methods: cohort and cross-sectional studies were researched in BVS, Cinahl, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases until March 2020, and the main descriptors were: "Pregnant Women", "Ultra-processed foods", "Birth Weight", "Smallfor Gestational Age", "Infant", "Newborn". Results: seventeen articles were considered eligible and evaluated the associations between the exposures: ultra-processed dietary patterns; soft drinks, sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages; fast food, junk food, sweets, snacks and the outcomes: birth weight and its classifications; length and head circumference at birth; birth weight adjustments according to gestational age; weight/age, length/age, body mass index/age and weight/length indices. The results showed: 36 non-significant associations between the exposures and the outcomes; 13 direct associations (outcomes versus ultraprocessed dietary patterns, soft drinks, artificially sweetened beverages, sweets, junk food) and 5 inverse associations (outcomes versus ultra-processed dietary patterns, soft drinks). Conclusions: most of the evaluated literature did not demonstrate the influence of UPF consumption during pregnancy on the newborn's anthropometric measurements up to one year of life and denoted a smaller number of direct and inverse associations between the exposures and the outcomes.

Resumo Objetivos: realizar uma revisão sistemática de estudos que investigaram a influência do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) na gestação nas medidas antropométricas do recém-nascido até um ano de idade. Métodos: foram pesquisados estudos de coorte e transversais nas bases BVS, Cinahl, Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus e Web of Science até março de 2020, tendo como principais descritores: "Pregnant women", "Ultra-processed foods", "Birth weight", "Small for Gestational Age", "Infant", "Newborn". Resultados: dezessete artigos foram considerados elegíveis e avaliaram as associações entre as exposições: padrões alimentares ultraprocessados; refrigerantes, sugar-sweetened beverages ou artificially sweetened beverages; fastfood, junkfood, doces e snacks e os desfe-chos:peso ao nascer e suas classificações; comprimento e perímetro cefálico ao nascimento; adequações do peso ao nascer segundo idade gestacional; e índices peso/idade, compri-mento/idade, índice de massa corporal/idade e peso/comprimento. Foram encontradas: 36 associações nulas entre exposições e desfechos avaliados; 13 diretas (desfechos versus padrões alimentares ultraprocessados, refrigerantes, artificially sweetened beverages, doces e junkfood) e 5 inversas (desfechos versus padrões alimentares ultraprocessados e refrigerantes). Conclusões: a maioria da literatura avaliada não demonstrou influência do consumo de AUP na gestação nas medidas antropométricas do recém-nascido até um ano de vida e apontou um menor número de associações diretas e inversas entre as exposições e os desfechos analisados.

Maternal and child health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic: evidence, recommendations and challenges / A saúde materno-infantil no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19: evidências, recomendações e desafios

Abstract Objectives: to present the main evidence, recommendations and challenges for maternal and child health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: narrative review of national and international documents and reflections on the theme. Results: the coexistence ofpregnancy/puerperium and COVID-19 infection establishes many challenges. It is extremely important that the conduct should be individually adopted, covering all aspects of health in the mother-child binomial, estimating risks and benefits of each decision. Until now, it is recognized that natural childbirth should be encouraged and breastfeeding maintained, if adequate hygienic-sanitary care is ensured. Cesarean delivery and the isolation and separation of the mother-child contact without breastfeeding, will only be eligible when the clinical status of the mother or child is critical. The child must be included in all stages of health care, as this commonly asymptomatic group plays an important role in the family's transmissibility of the disease. Routine immunization should be provided, as well as clinical assistance when necessary, and families must be assisted in favor of their well-being. Conclusion: at the moment, it is not possible to measure the consequences of this new pandemic on maternal and child health, demanding attention to its evolution and new evidences about the implications in mother and child care.

Resumo Objetivos: apresentar as principais evidências, recomendações e desafios à saúde materno-infantil no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: revisão narrativa de documentos nacionais e internacionais e reflexões sobre a temática. Resultados: a coexistência da gestação/puerpério e infecção por COVID-19 impõe muitos desafios. A conduta adotada deve ser de caráter individual, abrangendo todos os aspectos de saúde do binômio mãe-filho, estimando os riscos e benefícios de cada decisão. Até o momento, reconhece-se que o parto natural deve ser incentivado e a amamentação mantida, desde que assegurados os cuidados higienicossanitários. O parto cirúrgico e o isolamento com separação do contato mãe-filho, sem amamentação, serão elegíveis para casos em que o quadro clínico da mãe ou da criança seja crítico. A criança deve ser incluída em todas as etapas do cuidado em saúde, pois esse grupo comumente assintomático desempenha papel importante na transmissibilidade familiar da doença. Deve-se propiciar a imunização de rotina, oportunizar a assistência clínica, quando necessária, e auxiliar as famílias em prol do bem-estar. Conclusão: o atual momento ainda não nos permite mensurar as consequências dessa nova pandemia no âmbito da saúde materno-infantil, demandando atenção à sua evolução e novas evidências acerca das implicações no cuidado ao binômio mãe-filho.

Perfil alimentar e percepção de escolares sobre alimentação servida em escolas municipais segundo a vulnerabilidade à saúde / Food pattern and perception of students about food served in municipal schools according to health vulnerability

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil alimentar e a percepção de escolares sobre a alimentação servida nas escolas, segundo a vulnerabilidade à saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado com uma amostra representativa de alunos do Ensino Fundamental da rede municipal de Belo Horizonte. A vulnerabilidade à saúde foi determinada pelo Índice de Vulnerabilidade à Saúde dos setores censitários das escolas. Foram coletadas informações referentes ao perfil alimentar e à percepção sobre a alimentação escolar. Foi utilizado o Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson para determinar diferenças segundo o Índice de Vulnerabilidade à Saúde. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 3.557 alunos. Os alunos das escolas com menor vulnerabilidade apresentaram o hábito de comprar alimentos em estabelecimentos próximos à escola (p=0,01); perceberam em menor proporção a alimentação escolar como variada (p<0,001), o tempo para comer como suficiente (p<0,001) e a importância da alimentação escolar (p=0,02). Conclusão: O perfil alimentar e a percepção da alimentação variaram segundo a vulnerabilidade das escolas. Nas escolas de menor vulnerabilidade, os alunos compraram mais alimentos no entorno e apresentaram menor aceitação e valorização da alimentação escolar. Sugere-se a investigação de fatores associados (socioeconômicos e ambientais) para compreensão das condições que influenciam o adequado fornecimento da alimentação escolar a todos os estudantes.

Objective: analyze the dietary profile and perception of students about the food served in schools, according to health vulnerability. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out with a representative sample of Elementary School students from the Municipal Network of Belo Horizonte. Health vulnerability was determined by the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI) of the census sectors of schools. Eating habits and perceptions of meals served in the school were collected. Pearson's Chi-squared test was used to determine differences according to the Health Vulnerability Index. Results: 3,557 students were interviewed. Students from schools with less vulnerability had the habit of buying food in stores close to the school (p = 0.01); a smaller proportion of the students perceived the school meals as varied (p <0.001), the eating time as sufficient (p<0.001), and the importance of food served in municipal schools (p=0.02). Conclusion: The food profile and perception of food varied according to the school's vulnerability. In schools with less vulnerability, students bought more food in the surroundings and showed less acceptance and appreciation of school food. The investigation of socio-economic and environmental factors is warranted to understand the conditions that may influence the adequate supply of school meals to all students.

Consumo alimentar segundo o recebimento de orientação nutricional em participantes do Programa Academia da Saúde / Food consumption according to the receipt of nutritional orientation in users of the Programa Academia da Saúde

Objetivou-se investigar o consumo alimentar dos participantes do Programa Academia da Saúde, segundo a classificação NOVA, e sua relação com o relato de recebimento de orientação nutricional. Realizou-se estudo transversal utilizando dados da linha de base de ensaio comunitário desenvolvido em amostra representativa do PAS de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Foram entrevistados usuários com 20 anos ou mais (n = 3.331) frequentes no serviço. Investigaram-se dados sociodemográficos; de saúde; consumo alimentar, obtido pela média de dois Recordatórios Alimentares de 24 Horas; e antropometria. O recebimento de orientação nutricional foi autorrelatado. O consumo de alimen-tos foi classificado segundo a NOVA (alimentos in natura/minimamente processados; ingredientes culinários processados; processados e ultraprocessados) e estimado em calorias totais e percentual de energia. A maioria dos participantes era de mulheres (88,5%), com até 9 anos de estudo (63,8%), e com hipertensão arterial (53,4%) e excesso de peso (62,7%). O recebimento de orientação nutricional prévia foi relatado por 59,6% dos respondentes. A maior contribuição energética da dieta derivou dos alimentos in natura/minimamente processados (56,6%), seguidos dos ultraprocessados (27,7%). Verificou-se menor percentual de energia oriunda dos ingredientes culinários entre aqueles que relataram recebimento de orientação nutricional (5,2%; IC95%: 4,9-5,5 vs. 4,5%; IC95%: 4,3-4.7; p < 0,01), sem diferenças significativas para os demais grupos alimentares. Foi elevado o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, entretanto, o recebimento de orientação nutricional foi associado apenas ao menor consumo de ingredientes culinários, denotando a necessidade de expandir as ações de aconselhamento. Espera-se assim, contribuir para ampliar a prática de promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável no âmbito do Programa Academia da Saúde

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between food consumption in users of the Academia da Saúde Program and reported nutritional orientation. This is a cross-sectional study, using data from the community trial baseline developed in a representative sample of the Academia da Saúde Program in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Individuals aged 20 years or older, frequent in the service (n = 3.331) were investigated. Information about health, reported nutritional orientation, food consumption, from the average of two 24-hour recalls and measured weight and height were also investigated. For the analysis, food consumption was classified according to NOVA (unprocessed or minimally processed, processed culinary ingredients, processed food and ultra-processed food) and estimated the total calories and energy percentage. The majority of participants were women (88.5%), with up to 9 years of schooling (63.8%), had hypertension (53,4%) and overweight (62.7%). Previous reception of nutritional orientation was reported by 59.6% of respondents. The greatest caloric contribution corresponded to the consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods (56,6%), followed by ultra-processed foods (27,7%). Only for processed culinary ingredients there was lower consumption upon reported nutritional orientation (5.2%, 95%CI: 4.9; 5.5 vs. 4.5%, 95%CI: 4.3; 4.7; p < 0.01). The consumption of ultra-processed foods was high, however, the receipt of nutritional orientation was associated only with the lower consumption of processed culinary ingredients, denoting the need to expand counseling actions. It is therefore expected this study to contribute to broadening the practice of promoting adequate and healthy nutrition under the Academia da Saúde Program

The habit of buying foods announced on television increases ultra-processed products intake among schoolchildren.

This study aimed to verify the effects of buying television advertised food in schoolchildren eating behaviors. We performed a cross-sectional study with fourth grade students of an elementary education in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. We analyzed anthropometric data, the habit of buying television advertised food/beverages, and food consumption (two 24-hour dietary recalls). Logistic regression models were conducted and adjusted for gender, age, caloric intake, nutritional status, and social deprivation of area of residence. In total, 797 children were evaluated, the mean age was 9.81 (0.59) years, 50.7% were female, and 32.4% overweight. The prevalence of the habit of buying television advertised food was 43.1%, among which 99.3% concerned ultra-processed foods, according to the classification proposed by Monteiro et al. (2016), mainly milk beverages (12.1%), industrialized biscuits (11.5%) and candies (9.5%). The habit of buying advertised food increased the chance of consuming ultra-processed foods (OR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.06-3.46). We found no correlation between this habit and the consumption of minimally processed and processed foods (p < 0.05). This study findings may corroborate the debate on food advertising policy and the development of effective nutrition interventions among schoolchildren, which should involve integrated education bringing together children and parents.

PARTICIPATION OF ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS IN BRAZILIAN SCHOOL CHILDREN'S DIET AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in the schoolchildren diet and associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with children from public schools in Southeast of Brazil, aged eight to 12 years old. A questionnaire was applied to the students to investigate anthropometric data, eating and lifestyle habits and food consumption. The consumption of UPF was evaluated by two 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR) of non-consecutive days, and the NOVA method was adopted for food classification. The sample was estimated considering the percentage of total caloric value from UPF identified by a similar study (n=260). The association between variables was evaluated by Simple and Multiple Logistic Regression. RESULTS: The average energy consumption was 1992 kcal/day, 25.2% from UPF. Schoolchildren had a mean of 9.8±0.5 years of age, 53.4% were female and 32.6% were overweight. The most consumed UPF were industrialized pastas, sweet biscuits, sausages, chocolate powder and soft drinks. In the multivariate model, schoolchildren who have the habit of TV watching during meals and those with obesity presented 1.87 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.03-3.39) and 2.05 (95%CI 1,01-4.20) times more chance of having higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of UPF was expressive in the feeding of the students and it was positively associated with the excess of weight and with the habit of eating while watching television. These findings indicate the importance of nutritional interventions to promote healthy habits, thus preventing overweight during childhood.

The habit of buying foods announced on television increases ultra-processed products intake among schoolchildren / O hábito de comprar produtos alimentícios anunciados na televisão aumenta o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por escolares / El hábito de comprar comidas anunciadas en anuncios de televisión incrementa la ingesta de productos ultraprocesados entre escolares

Abstract: This study aimed to verify the effects of buying television advertised food in schoolchildren eating behaviors. We performed a cross-sectional study with fourth grade students of an elementary education in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. We analyzed anthropometric data, the habit of buying television advertised food/beverages, and food consumption (two 24-hour dietary recalls). Logistic regression models were conducted and adjusted for gender, age, caloric intake, nutritional status, and social deprivation of area of residence. In total, 797 children were evaluated, the mean age was 9.81 (0.59) years, 50.7% were female, and 32.4% overweight. The prevalence of the habit of buying television advertised food was 43.1%, among which 99.3% concerned ultra-processed foods, according to the classification proposed by Monteiro et al. (2016), mainly milk beverages (12.1%), industrialized biscuits (11.5%) and candies (9.5%). The habit of buying advertised food increased the chance of consuming ultra-processed foods (OR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.06-3.46). We found no correlation between this habit and the consumption of minimally processed and processed foods (p < 0.05). This study findings may corroborate the debate on food advertising policy and the development of effective nutrition interventions among schoolchildren, which should involve integrated education bringing together children and parents.

Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a associação entre o hábito de comprar produtos alimentícios anunciados na televisão e o consumo de determinados alimentos, em uma amostra transversal de alunos do quarto ano do Ensino Fundamental na rede municipal de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram analisados dados antropométricos, o hábito de comprar alimentos e bebidas anunciados na televisão e o consumo de alimentos específicos (dois recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas). Foram construídos modelos de regressão logística ajustados para sexo, idade, calorias na dieta, estado nutricional e privação social da região de residência. O estudo avaliou 797 crianças, com média de idade de 9,81 (0,59) anos, 50,7% das quais do sexo feminino e 32,4% com sobrepeso. A prevalência do hábito de comprar alimentos anunciados na televisão foi de 43,1%. Entre estas crianças, 99,3% relatavam alimentos ultraprocessados de acordo com a classificação proposta por Monteiro et al. (2016), com destaque para as bebidas lácteas (12,1%), biscoitos industrializados (11,5%) e doces (9,5%). O hábito de comprar produtos alimentícios anunciados na TV aumentava o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (OR = 1,92; IC95%: 1,06-3,46). Não houve associação entre esse hábito e o consumo de alimentos minimamente processados ou processados (p < 0,05). Os achados podem contribuir para o debate sobre políticas regulatórias para a propaganda de produtos alimentícios, além de assistir no desenvolvimento de intervenções nutricionais efetivas entre escolares, o que deve envolver ações educacionais integradas, com a participação das crianças e seus pais.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la asociación del hábito de comprar comida anunciada en la televisión y el consumo de comida. Este estudio trasversal se desarrolló con estudiantes del cuarto año en la red municipal de escuelas primarias en Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brasil. Se investigaron datos antropométricos, el hábito de comprar comida/bebidas que aparecen en anuncios de televisión y consumo de comida (dos recordatorios de 24-horas). Se construyeron modelos de regresión logística, ajustados por sexo, edad, calorías de la dieta, estatus nutricional, y carestía social de la región de residencia. Se evaluaron a un total de 797 niños, con una media de 9,81 (0,59) años de edad, 50,7% mujeres y un 32,4% con sobrepeso. La prevalencia del hábito de comprar comida anunciada en televisión fue de un 43,1%. Entre estos, un 99,3% se refirió a comidas ultraprocesadas según la clasificación propuesta por Monteiro et al. (2016), con énfasis en bebidas lácteas (12.1%), galletas industrializadas (11.5%) y golosinas (9.5%). El hábito de comprar comida anunciada aumenta la oportunidad de consumir comida ultraprocesada (OR = 1,92; IC95%: 1,06-3,46). No hubo asociación entre este hábito y el consumo de comidas mínimamente procesadas y procesadas (p < 0,05). El hábito de comprar comida anunciada en televisión lleva a un consumo más alto de productos procesados. Tal vez los resultados de este estudio contribuyan al debate de la política regulatoria en la publicidad de comida, así como también al apoyo en el desarrollo de intervenciones efectivas nutricionales entre escolares, que implicarían acciones integradas educativas, involucrando a los niños y a sus respectivos progenitores.

Participation of ultra-processed foods in brazilian school childrens diet and associated factors / Participação de alimentos ultraprocessados na dieta de escolares brasileiros e seus fatores associados

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in the schoolchildren diet and associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study with children from public schools in Southeast of Brazil, aged eight to 12 years old. A questionnaire was applied to the students to investigate anthropometric data, eating and lifestyle habits and food consumption. The consumption of UPF was evaluated by two 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR) of non-consecutive days, and the NOVA method was adopted for food classification. The sample was estimated considering the percentage of total caloric value from UPF identified by a similar study (n=260). The association between variables was evaluated by Simple and Multiple Logistic Regression. Results: The average energy consumption was 1992 kcal/day, 25.2% from UPF. Schoolchildren had a mean of 9.8±0.5 years of age, 53.4% were female and 32.6% were overweight. The most consumed UPF were industrialized pastas, sweet biscuits, sausages, chocolate powder and soft drinks. In the multivariate model, schoolchildren who have the habit of TV watching during meals and those with obesity presented 1.87 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.03-3.39) and 2.05 (95%CI 1,01-4.20) times more chance of having higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, respectively. Conclusions: The contribution of UPF was expressive in the feeding of the students and it was positively associated with the excess of weight and with the habit of eating while watching television. These findings indicate the importance of nutritional interventions to promote healthy habits, thus preventing overweight during childhood.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a contribuição dos alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) na dieta de escolares e seus fatores associados. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com crianças entre oito e 12 anos de idade em escolas públicas de uma capital brasileira. Foram investigados dados antropométricos e hábitos alimentares e de estilo de vida. O consumo de AUP foi avaliado por meio de dois recordatórios alimentares de 24 h (R24h) de dias não consecutivos, e o método NOVA foi adotado para classificação dos alimentos. A amostra foi estimada considerando o percentual de valor calórico total proveniente de AUP em estudo semelhante (n=260). Avaliou-se a associação entre as variáveis por meio de modelos de regressão logística simples e múltipla. Resultados: O consumo médio de energia foi de 1.992 kcal/dia, sendo 25,2% provenientes dos AUP. Os escolares apresentavam média de 9,8±0,5 anos de idade, 53,4% eram do sexo feminino e 32,6% apresentavam excesso de peso. Os AUP mais consumidos foram massas industrializadas, biscoitos doces, embutidos, achocolatado em pó e refrigerantes. Escolares com hábito de comer em frente à televisão e com excesso de peso tiveram 1,87 (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] 1,03-3,39) e 2,05 (IC95% 1,01-4,20) vezes mais chances de apresentar maior participação de AUP na dieta, respectivamente. Conclusões: A contribuição dos AUP foi expressiva na alimentação dos escolares e associou-se positivamente com o excesso de peso e o hábito de comer assistindo à televisão. Esses achados denotam a importância de intervenções nutricionais para promoção de hábitos saudáveis, prevenindo assim o excesso de peso na infância.

Nutritional intervention may improve migraine severity: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Although some studies have investigated the role of nutritional intervention on migraine, they had focused on triggers or on weight change and, to the best of our knowledge, none studied diet quality. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether nutritional intervention focused on improving diet quality and healthy weight can promote improvement in clinical parameters of women with migraine. METHODS: Non-controlled and non-randomized intervention study conducted for 90 days. Women received an individualized diet meal plan and nutritional orientation according to their nutritional diagnosis. Anthropometric, clinical and nutritional data were measured once a month. Diet energy content and macronutrients were evaluated using 24-hour dietary recall. Diet quality was assessed through the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R). The Migraine Disability Assessment and Headache Impact Test version 6 were used to assess the severity of migraine, and the Beck Depression Inventory evaluated depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Fifty-two women aged 44.0 ± 13.0 years were enrolled. Anthropometric characteristics, energy, macronutrients and fiber intake did not change after intervention. However, the BHEI-R scores improved after 60 and 90 days of intervention. Concurrent to this, the Beck Depression Inventory scores and Headache Impact Test scores decreased after 60 and 90 days, respectively. The change in the BHEI-R score was negatively correlated with the migraine severity as assessed by the Headache Impact Test at the end of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the management of diet quality may be a good strategy for improving migraine severity, regardless of the nutritional status and weight change.

Nutritional intervention may improve migraine severity: a pilot study / Intervenção nutricional melhora a gravidade da migrânea: estudo piloto

ABSTRACT Although some studies have investigated the role of nutritional intervention on migraine, they had focused on triggers or on weight change and, to the best of our knowledge, none studied diet quality. Objective To investigate whether nutritional intervention focused on improving diet quality and healthy weight can promote improvement in clinical parameters of women with migraine. Methods Non-controlled and non-randomized intervention study conducted for 90 days. Women received an individualized diet meal plan and nutritional orientation according to their nutritional diagnosis. Anthropometric, clinical and nutritional data were measured once a month. Diet energy content and macronutrients were evaluated using 24-hour dietary recall. Diet quality was assessed through the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R). The Migraine Disability Assessment and Headache Impact Test version 6 were used to assess the severity of migraine, and the Beck Depression Inventory evaluated depressive symptoms. Results Fifty-two women aged 44.0 ± 13.0 years were enrolled. Anthropometric characteristics, energy, macronutrients and fiber intake did not change after intervention. However, the BHEI-R scores improved after 60 and 90 days of intervention. Concurrent to this, the Beck Depression Inventory scores and Headache Impact Test scores decreased after 60 and 90 days, respectively. The change in the BHEI-R score was negatively correlated with the migraine severity as assessed by the Headache Impact Test at the end of the intervention. Conclusions We concluded that the management of diet quality may be a good strategy for improving migraine severity, regardless of the nutritional status and weight change.

RESUMO Estudos investigaram o papel da intervenção nutricional, focada no consumo de alimentos "gatilhos" ou na alteração de peso, na melhora da migrânea. Porém, mudanças na qualidade da dieta ainda não foram abordadas. Objetivo Investigar se intervenção nutricional focada na qualidade da dieta e peso saudável pode melhorar parâmetros clínicos em mulheres com migrânea. Métodos Estudo de intervenção, não controlado e não randomizado. As mulheres receberam plano alimentar individualizado e orientações nutricionais, conforme o diagnóstico nutricional. Dados antropométricos, clínicos e alimentares foram medidos uma vez por mês durante três meses. Recordatório alimentar de 24 horas forneceu informações sobre o consumo alimentar. Qualidade da dieta foi avaliada pelo Índice Brasileiro de Alimentação Saudável (IQD-R). Os questionários Migraine Disability Test (MIDAS) e Headache Impact Test, versão 6 (HIT-6) avaliaram a incapacidade gerada pela enxaqueca e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) investigou sintomas depressivos. Resultados Cinquenta e duas mulheres com 44,0 ± 13,0 anos participaram da amostra. Características antropométricas e consumo de energia, macronutrientes e fibras não se alteraram depois da intervenção. No entanto, os escores do IQD-R melhoraram após 60 e 90 dias de intervenção. Os escores do BDI e do HIT-6 diminuíram após 60 e 90 dias, respectivamente. A mudança no escore do IQD-R correlacionou de maneira negativa com a gravidade da enxaqueca avaliada pelo HIT-6 ao final da intervenção. Conclusões O manejo da qualidade da dieta pode ser estratégia para melhorar a gravidade da migrânea, independente do estado nutricional e da mudança de peso dos pacientes.

Consuming school meals improves Brazilian children's diets according to their social vulnerability risk.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate usual diets among Brazilian children regarding the consumption of school meals and social vulnerability risks. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. School meal consumers were considered those children who reported consuming school meals ≥3 times/week. Social vulnerability risk was classified by an index. Dietary intake was evaluated by one 24 h dietary recall for the whole sample; a second 24 h dietary recall was administered in a sub-sample (38·6 %). The National Cancer Institute's method was used to estimate children's usual intake of nutrients and food groups. SETTING: Municipal public schools from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Children (n 1357) aged 8-12 years. RESULTS: Half of the sample lived in low/medium social vulnerability risk areas and 27·9 % were school meal non-consumers. School meal consumers more frequently lived in high/very high social vulnerability risk areas (76·2 v. 68·7 %). Children with low/medium social vulnerability risk had a higher mean intake of thiamin (1·13 v. 1·04 mg) and a lower mean intake of candy (1·35 v. 1·42 g). Consumption of school meals among children under high/very high social vulnerability risk was associated with higher mean consumption of vitamin C (31·9 v. 24·1 mg), unprocessed/minimally processed foods (956·3 v. 851·9 g), fruits (128·5 v. 90·9 g) and vegetables (58·2 v. 47·1 g). Ultra-processed food product consumption was lower among school meal consumers (136·2 v. 187·7 g), especially ultra-processed beverages (252·5 v. 305·7 g). CONCLUSIONS: Consuming school meals was associated with a better usual diet quality, particularly among those with higher social vulnerability risk.