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1.
Exp Appl Acarol ; 77(4): 555-570, 2019 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31055676

ABSTRACT

The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard, is one of the main pests of the tomato crop in several countries, mainly in Africa, where it can reduce tomato yield by up to 90%. The biotic potential of this mite is high and its control is difficult because of low efficiency of chemicals used and the rapid development of resistance to acaricides. We used the two-sex life table to evaluate the effect of two wild tomato genotypes (PI134417 and PI134418) and five tomato varieties widely grown in Benin (Kekefo, Akikon, TLCV15, Tounvi, and TOML4) on demographic characteristics of T. evansi under laboratory conditions. Tetranychus evansi did not develop on the genotypes PI134417 and PI134418, indicating their resistance to this mite. Developmental time of immature stages and female longevity were significantly higher on TLCV15 and Kekefo. Fecundity, net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) of T. evansi on the African varieties were not statistically different among varieties. Generation time (T) was shorter on TOML4 than on TLCV15 and Tounvi. Thus, efforts should be made to prospect varieties with resistance characteristics or to develop other control means, to reduce the use of pesticides to control T. evansi in Africa.


Subject(s)
Solanum lycopersicum/genetics , Tetranychidae/physiology , Animals , Benin , Female , Fertility , Food Chain , Genotype , Larva/growth & development , Larva/physiology , Life Tables , Male , Nymph/growth & development , Nymph/physiology , Ovum/physiology , Reproduction , Tetranychidae/growth & development
2.
Ars vet ; 31(1): 12-18, 2015.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-33163

ABSTRACT

O desequilíbrio entre o sistema de defesa antioxidante e a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) ocasionam o estresse oxidativo, caracterizado por danos celulares prejudiciais na qualidade espermática. Os espermatozoides de ovinos possuem grande susceptibilidade ao estresse oxidativo e consequentemente à peroxidação lipídica, devido a maior quantidade de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados presentes em sua membrana plasmática e a presença de um citoplasma reduzido que mantêm baixas as concentrações de enzimas antioxidantes. Dessa forma, torna-se importante adicionar substâncias antioxidantes aos meios diluidores do sêmen, que são subdivididas em dois grupos os enzimáticos e não enzimáticos. Dentre os antioxidantes enzimáticos endógenos presentes no plasma seminal destacam-se a catalase (Cat), a glutationa peroxidase (GSH), o superóxido dismutase (SOD) e a cisteína. Já os não enzimáticos são: vitamina E (Tocoferol), vitamina C e resveratrol. A adição dos antioxidantes é vantajosa na criopreservação do sêmen ovino, entretanto em excesso se torna prejudicial, pois participam de importantes fases da aquisição do potencial fertilizante espermático, como a capacitação, hiperativação, reação acrossomal e sua interação com o oócito. Sendo assim a presente revisão visou agrupar os principais antioxidantes, seus malefícios e benefícios na criopreservação do sêmen ovino.

3.
Ars Vet. ; 31(1): 1812, 2015.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-304357

ABSTRACT

An imbalance between the antioxidant defense system and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative stress, characterized by cellular damage with detrimental effects on sperm quality. The sheep spermatozoa has high susceptibility to oxidative stress and consequently to lipid peroxidation due to higher amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids present in their plasma membrane and the presence of a reduced cytoplasm that maintain low concentrations of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, it is important to add antioxidants in semen extenders. Some of the endogenous antioxidants present in seminal plasma are catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The non-enzymatic are: Vitamin E (Tocopherol), Vitamin C and resveratrol. The addition of antioxidants is beneficial in ram semen cryopreservation, however in excess are detrimental as they participate in important stages of the acquisition of sperm fertilizing potential, as training, hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and their interaction with the oocyte(AU)


O desequilíbrio entre o sistema de defesa antioxidante e a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) ocasionam o estresse oxidativo, caracterizado por danos celulares prejudiciais na qualidade espermática. Os espermatozoides de ovinos possuem grande susceptibilidade ao estresse oxidativo e consequentemente à peroxidação lipídica, devido a maior quantidade de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados presentes em sua membrana plasmática e a presença de um citoplasma reduzido que mantêm baixas as concentrações de enzimas antioxidantes. Dessa forma, torna-se importante adicionar substâncias antioxidantes aos meios diluidores do sêmen, que são subdivididas em dois grupos os enzimáticos e não enzimáticos. Dentre os antioxidantes enzimáticos endógenos presentes no plasma seminal destacam-se a catalase (Cat), a glutationa peroxidase (GSH), o superóxido dismutase (SOD) e a cisteína. Já os não enzimáticos são: vitamina E (Tocoferol), vitamina C e resveratrol. A adição dos antioxidantes é vantajosa na criopreservação do sêmen ovino, entretanto em excesso se torna prejudicial, pois participam de importantes fases da aquisição do potencial fertilizante espermático, como a capacitação, hiperativação, reação acrossomal e sua interação com o oócito. Sendo assim a presente revisão visou agrupar os principais antioxidantes, seus malefícios e benefícios na criopreservação do sêmen ovino(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep , Antioxidants/analysis , Reactive Oxygen Species/analysis , Oxidative Stress , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Spermatozoa/physiology , Free Radicals/analysis
4.
Ars vet ; 31(1): 1812-18, 2015.
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1463246

ABSTRACT

An imbalance between the antioxidant defense system and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative stress, characterized by cellular damage with detrimental effects on sperm quality. The sheep spermatozoa has high susceptibility to oxidative stress and consequently to lipid peroxidation due to higher amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids present in their plasma membrane and the presence of a reduced cytoplasm that maintain low concentrations of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, it is important to add antioxidants in semen extenders. Some of the endogenous antioxidants present in seminal plasma are catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The non-enzymatic are: Vitamin E (Tocopherol), Vitamin C and resveratrol. The addition of antioxidants is beneficial in ram semen cryopreservation, however in excess are detrimental as they participate in important stages of the acquisition of sperm fertilizing potential, as training, hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and their interaction with the oocyte


O desequilíbrio entre o sistema de defesa antioxidante e a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) ocasionam o estresse oxidativo, caracterizado por danos celulares prejudiciais na qualidade espermática. Os espermatozoides de ovinos possuem grande susceptibilidade ao estresse oxidativo e consequentemente à peroxidação lipídica, devido a maior quantidade de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados presentes em sua membrana plasmática e a presença de um citoplasma reduzido que mantêm baixas as concentrações de enzimas antioxidantes. Dessa forma, torna-se importante adicionar substâncias antioxidantes aos meios diluidores do sêmen, que são subdivididas em dois grupos os enzimáticos e não enzimáticos. Dentre os antioxidantes enzimáticos endógenos presentes no plasma seminal destacam-se a catalase (Cat), a glutationa peroxidase (GSH), o superóxido dismutase (SOD) e a cisteína. Já os não enzimáticos são: vitamina E (Tocoferol), vitamina C e resveratrol. A adição dos antioxidantes é vantajosa na criopreservação do sêmen ovino, entretanto em excesso se torna prejudicial, pois participam de importantes fases da aquisição do potencial fertilizante espermático, como a capacitação, hiperativação, reação acrossomal e sua interação com o oócito. Sendo assim a presente revisão visou agrupar os principais antioxidantes, seus malefícios e benefícios na criopreservação do sêmen ovino


Subject(s)
Animals , Antioxidants/analysis , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Reactive Oxygen Species/analysis , Oxidative Stress , Sheep , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Spermatozoa/physiology , Free Radicals/analysis
5.
Ars vet ; 31(1): 12-18, 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1463252

ABSTRACT

O desequilíbrio entre o sistema de defesa antioxidante e a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) ocasionam o estresse oxidativo, caracterizado por danos celulares prejudiciais na qualidade espermática. Os espermatozoides de ovinos possuem grande susceptibilidade ao estresse oxidativo e consequentemente à peroxidação lipídica, devido a maior quantidade de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados presentes em sua membrana plasmática e a presença de um citoplasma reduzido que mantêm baixas as concentrações de enzimas antioxidantes. Dessa forma, torna-se importante adicionar substâncias antioxidantes aos meios diluidores do sêmen, que são subdivididas em dois grupos os enzimáticos e não enzimáticos. Dentre os antioxidantes enzimáticos endógenos presentes no plasma seminal destacam-se a catalase (Cat), a glutationa peroxidase (GSH), o superóxido dismutase (SOD) e a cisteína. Já os não enzimáticos são: vitamina E (Tocoferol), vitamina C e resveratrol. A adição dos antioxidantes é vantajosa na criopreservação do sêmen ovino, entretanto em excesso se torna prejudicial, pois participam de importantes fases da aquisição do potencial fertilizante espermático, como a capacitação, hiperativação, reação acrossomal e sua interação com o oócito. Sendo assim a presente revisão visou agrupar os principais antioxidantes, seus malefícios e benefícios na criopreservação do sêmen ovino.

6.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 49(2): 243-8, 2014 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24313350

ABSTRACT

The success of embryo production in vitro depends upon the use of an efficient oocyte retrieval technique, and the best results have been obtained by laparoscopic aspiration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of consecutive sessions of follicular aspiration on the quantity, quality and in vitro maturation competence of oocytes obtained from ewes subjected to hormonal stimulation. Six Santa Ines ewes underwent nine sessions of follicular aspiration by laparoscopy with a 7-day interval between sessions, totalling 56 aspirations. After 24 h of culture, oocytes were stained and classified according to the stage of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. Oocyte retrieval rate was 61.4 ± 2%, resulting in a total of 249 oocytes. No significant variation was observed between sessions (p > 0.05). The average number of oocytes retrieved from each ewe was 6.4 ± 2 per session and 42 ± 4 in total. No significant difference was observed between the frequencies of the different stages of nuclear maturation: 32.72% mature, 40.74% immature and 26.54% degenerated/indeterminate oocytes; however, a significant difference was observed between the frequencies of the different stages of cytoplasmic maturation: 10.7% mature, 73.25% immature and 16.05% degenerated/indeterminate oocytes. No significant difference was observed in nuclear or cytoplasmic maturation between the weeks of procedure. We conclude that after nine consecutive sessions of follicular aspiration, the quantity and quality of retrieved oocytes remained unchanged as well as the levels of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation obtained, demonstrating the viability of this technique for repetitive follicular aspirations on the same donor.


Subject(s)
In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques/veterinary , Oocyte Retrieval/veterinary , Oocytes/physiology , Ovarian Follicle/physiology , Sheep/physiology , Animals , Female , Oocyte Retrieval/methods , Oocytes/cytology
7.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 47 Suppl 6: 109-12, 2012 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23279477

ABSTRACT

Optimal conditions for in vitro culture of feline ovarian follicles have not yet been defined. Follicular development is regulated by intraovarian growth factors, as insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and during the different stages of the oestrous cycle, follicles are exposed to specific hormonal environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IGF-1 on in vitro growth and granulosa cell (GC) viability of preantral follicles collected from domestic cats at follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. Oestrus and ovulation were induced in 12 cats. A total of 39 and 32 follicles collected at the follicular and luteal phases, respectively, were individually cultured in vitro for 6 days in minimum essential medium media supplemented with or without IGF-1 (100 ng/ml). Follicles collected during the follicular phase and cultured without IGF-1 displayed a significant increase in size and higher GC viability (46.5 ± 22.1 µm, 66.7%, respectively) than that of follicles collected at the luteal phase and cultured without IGF-1 (26.7 ± 14.4 µm, 50%, respectively; p < 0.05). In contrast, when IGF-1 was added to the culture medium, no differences were observed in size or GC viability between follicles collected at the two phases of the cycle. Nonetheless, follicles collected at the luteal phase and cultured with IGF-1 had a significant increase in their diameter and GC viability (31.9 ± 15.9 µm, 63.6%, respectively) than that cultured without IGF-1 (26.7 ± 14.4 µm, 50%, respectively; p < 0.05). These data suggest that in vitro growth and GC survival of feline preantral follicles are affected by the oestrous cycle phase, and the IGF-1 exerts a positive effect on follicles collected at the luteal phase.


Subject(s)
Cats/physiology , Culture Media/chemistry , Estrous Cycle/physiology , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology , Ovarian Follicle/drug effects , Tissue Culture Techniques/veterinary , Animals , Female , Ovarian Follicle/physiology
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