ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The training of medical school students at the University of Heidelberg seems to be improvable regarding prehospital trauma treatment compared to an established anaesthesiology-based training for medical emergencies. This study addresses the current situation and possibilities for advancing this training. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A baseline was set by interviews of the medical school students. Based on this the hypothesis was postulated that there is a deficit in the education of the medical school students concerning the training in prehospital trauma treatment. This was proved by questionnaires given to the students in the 7th and 8th semesters at the University of Heidelberg Medical School. The results were evaluated and a possible approach for improvement was developed. RESULTS: A total of 111 questionnaires could be evaluated. It could be shown that the existing education was not effectual and that there is a need for a praxis-orientated 1-day course in prehospital trauma treatment. CONCLUSION: Especially the treatment of multiply injured patients is a challenge for young medical professionals. However, there is a high motivation to learn and train in emergency medicine. The students long for a practical trauma course compared to the advanced medical CPR course provided by the Department of Anaesthesiology of the University of Heidelberg. Those algorithm-based trauma courses do exist with PHTLS® and ATLS®. Based on these courses we developed the PHTLS® TEAM course.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical/organization & administration , Educational Measurement/methods , Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration , Multiple Trauma/diagnosis , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Traumatology/education , Germany , Humans , Pilot ProjectsABSTRACT
Ultralight (<10 milligrams per cubic centimeter) cellular materials are desirable for thermal insulation; battery electrodes; catalyst supports; and acoustic, vibration, or shock energy damping. We present ultralight materials based on periodic hollow-tube microlattices. These materials are fabricated by starting with a template formed by self-propagating photopolymer waveguide prototyping, coating the template by electroless nickel plating, and subsequently etching away the template. The resulting metallic microlattices exhibit densities ρ ≥ 0.9 milligram per cubic centimeter, complete recovery after compression exceeding 50% strain, and energy absorption similar to elastomers. Young's modulus E scales with density as E ~ ρ(2), in contrast to the E ~ ρ(3) scaling observed for ultralight aerogels and carbon nanotube foams with stochastic architecture. We attribute these properties to structural hierarchy at the nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter scales.