Imaging Findings and Management Strategy in Type II Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome: A Tale of Two Cases.

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is a frequently underdiagnosed condition that should be investigated in adults who experience exertional intermittent claudication in the lower limbs. If detected early, it is a surgically treatable cause of leg claudication in young individuals. PAES can be inherited or acquired through muscular hypertrophy, and the literature classifies it into six categories (I-VI) based on anatomical type. We intend to report the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of two cases with type II PAES and their management.

Vertebral Arteria Lusoria and Five Vessel Aortic Arch: A Rare Aortic Arch Branching Anomaly.

Vertebral artery (VA) lusoria is an unusual variation of the VA origin and course, characterised by the direct origin of the right VA (RVA) from the aortic arch (AoA) instead of the right subclavian artery (RSCA). Generally, this condition remains asymptomatic and is diagnosed during computed tomography angiography (CTA) or catheter angiography performed for evaluation of other cardiac or extracardiac pathology. The surgeon and physician must be aware of this VA-origin anomaly before undergoing surgery or angiography, as injury to this vessel can be catastrophic and lead to torrential haemorrhage or brain stem infarction. This anomaly can occur in association with other branching anomalies, like the left VA originating from the arch and the bovine arch. We are reporting an unusual case of aberrant RVA in a five-vessel aortic arch We aim to highlight the importance of CTA in detecting these anomalies of origin and course and their clinical implications.

Does Bronchial Artery Hypertrophies After Descending Thoracic Aorta Stenting in Takayasu Arteritis? - A Clinical Dilemma.

41-year-old lady, known case of Takayasu arteritis with pulmonary arterial involvement, presented with multiple episodes of haemoptysis (maximum 50 mL) in a week. She had undergone descending thoracic aorta angioplasty and stenting 3 years ago due to uncontrolled hypertension, left ventricular systolic dysfunction and approximately 70% stenosis of descending thoracic aorta. This lady was treated with embolization of hypertrophied bronchial artery as well as left internal mammary artery branch for management of haemoptysis. Embolization of hypertrophied bronchial artery in the setting of Takayasu arteritis with pulmonary arterial involvement presenting with haemoptysis is rare. Hypertrophied bronchial artery detected in post stenting computed tomography raises suspicion whether descending thoracic aorta stenting promotes the hypertrophy of bronchial artery. Literature of bronchial artery embolization in the setting of Takayasu with post DTA stenting is scarce.

Pictorial review of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of cardiovascular manifestations of IgG4-related disease.

This study includes a series of 5 cases demonstrating cardiovascular manifestations of findings of IgG4-related disease. Two cases demonstrate peri-aortic soft tissue thickening in the infrarenal abdominal aorta and bilateral ostio--proximal common iliac artery. In 2 cases there were circumferential soft tissue lesions around the arch of the aorta. One of the cases showed coexistent, biopsy-proven Riedel's thyroiditis and infiltrative soft tissue along the right atrial wall and interatrial septum. In one case there was a partly calcified mass in the left hemi-thorax consistent with a diagnosis of IgG4-related fibrosing mediastinitis.

An unusually long intra-atrial course of the right coronary artery detected on CT angiography.

We hereby present an unusually long intra-atrial course of the right coronary artery incidentally detected on computed tomography angiography. Although usually asymptomatic, an intra-atrial right coronary artery may be injured during iatrogenic procedures which require right heart catheterisation.

Postoperative intrapulmonary invagination of the left internal mammary artery-An anomalous course deciphered on CT angiography.

We hereby present a case of intrapulmonary invagination of the left internal mammary artery detected on CT angiography. We aim to highlight the role of CT angiography in identifying these course anomalies and their clinical implications.

Coexistence of carotid trunk and aberrant right subclavian artery originating close to left subclavian artery in tetralogy of fallot-A rare aortic arch branching anomaly.

We hereby present a patient with tetralogy of Fallot in whom a carotid trunk and aberrant right subclavian artery (arising just next to the origin of the left subclavian artery) were diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) angiography. We aim to highlight the role of CT angiography in identifying these rare aortic arch branching anomalies, which are crucial information for the operating surgeon.

Venous vascular ring-A rare congenital venous anomaly in a patient of tetralogy of Fallot.

We hereby present a case of tetralogy of Fallot with duplicated brachiocephalic vein having a preaortic and a subaortic component. We aim to highlight the role of computed tomography angiography in identifying these rare associations of tetralogy of Fallot.

Double aortic arch with partially atretic left arch detected on CT angiography in a case of double-chambered right ventricle: A rare association.

We report an 11-year-old child with double-chambered right ventricle detected on echocardiography in whom computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed a rare arch anomaly double aortic arch with atretic left arch. This case highlights the ability of CT angiography in identifying such cardiovascular anomalies which have clinical and surgical implications.

A rare case of tetralogy of Fallot-pulmonary atresia with absent right pulmonary artery and anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery from ascending aorta.

We report a case of a 5-year-old child with tetralogy of Fallot-pulmonary atresia with anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery from ascending aorta and right lung supplied by collateral arteries. This case highlights the role of preoperative CT angiography in differentiating this entity from a common arterial trunk with discontinuous pulmonary arteries.

Bicuspid aortic valve and anomalous origin of the right ventricular branch in a patient with congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries: A rare association.

We hereby present a case of congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries association of bicuspid aortic valve morphology and anomalous separate origin of the right ventricular branch of the right coronary artery. We aim to highlight the role of computed tomography angiography in identifying these rare associations.

Intrathymic course of left brachiocephalic vein: A hitherto undescribed anatomical variant in tetralogy of Fallot.

We hereby present a case of a unique intrathymic course of left brachiocephalic vein in a patient with Tetralogy of Fallot and aberrant right subclavian artery deciphered on computed tomography angiography.