ABSTRACT
We present an enhanced method for synthesizing a novel compound, 1-(4-phenylquinolin-2-yl)propan-1-one (3), through the solvent-free Friedländer quinoline synthesis using poly(phosphoric acid) as an assisting agent. The crystal structure of compound 3 is analyzed using FT-IR, and the chemical shifts of its 1H- and 13C NMR spectra are measured and calculated using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p), CAM-B3LYP/6-311G(d,p), and M06-2X/6-311G(d,p) basis sets in the gas phase. Additionally, the optimized geometry of quinoline 3 is compared with experimental X-ray diffraction values. Through density functional theory calculations, we explore various aspects of the compound's properties, including noncovalent interactions, Hirshfeld surface analysis, nonlinear optical properties, thermodynamic properties, molecular electrostatic potential, and frontier molecular orbitals. These investigations reveal chemically active sites within this quinoline derivative that contribute to its chemical reactivity.
ABSTRACT
In many ways, cancer cells are different from healthy cells. A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells. Currently, nanotechnology-based delivery systems are the most promising tool to deliver DNA-based products to cancer cells. This review aims to highlight the latest development in the lipids and polymeric nanocarrier for siRNA delivery to the cancer cells. It also provides the necessary information about siRNA development and its mechanism of action. Overall, this review gives us a clear picture of lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems, which in the future could form the base to translate the basic siRNA biology into siRNA-based cancer therapies.
ABSTRACT
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, was developed originally for engineering applications. Since its early advancements, there has been a relentless development in enthusiasm for this innovation in biomedical research. It allows for the fabrication of structures with both complex geometries and heterogeneous material properties. Tissue engineering using 3D bio-printers can overcome the limitations of traditional tissue engineering methods. It can match the complexity and cellular microenvironment of human organs and tissues, which drives much of the interest in this technique. However, most of the preliminary evaluations of 3Dprinted tissues and organ engineering, including cardiac tissue, relies extensively on the lessons learned from traditional tissue engineering. In many early examples, the final printed structures were found to be no better than tissues developed using traditional tissue engineering methods. This highlights the fact that 3D bio-printing of human tissue is still very much in its infancy and more work needs to be done to realise its full potential. This can be achieved through interdisciplinary collaboration between engineers, biomaterial scientists and molecular cell biologists. This review highlights current advancements and future prospects for 3D bio-printing in engineering ex vivo cardiac tissue and associated vasculature, such as coronary arteries. In this context, the role of biomaterials for hydrogel matrices and choice of cells are discussed. 3D bio-printing has the potential to advance current research significantly and support the development of novel therapeutics which can improve the therapeutic outcomes of patients suffering fatal cardiovascular pathologies.