Zoom & WhatsApp Digital Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) Enhance Community Engaged Research with Women Immigrants from Mexico.

This article demonstrates how digital information and communication technologies (ICTs) (Zoom/WhatsApp) unexpectedly and counterintuitively proved to be valuable tools for community-engaged health research when, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, they were integrated into a research study testing a peer support group intervention with female immigrants from Mexico. Because of pandemic restrictions, we changed the study protocol to hold meetings remotely via Zoom rather than in person as originally planned. Because we recognized that this would lack some opportunities for participants to interact and develop relationships, we created a WhatsApp chat for each group. Despite challenges for participants to use ICTs and participant-stated preference for in-person meetings, the results demonstrated that participants overwhelmingly endorsed these technologies as promoting access, participation, engagement, and satisfaction. Zoom/WhatsApp created a valuable environment both as a method for conducting research with this population, but also as part of the intervention for immigrant women to support and learn from each other. ICT adaptations have now permanently changed the way we conduct community-engaged health research.

Equipos de protección personal en odontología antes y después de la COVID-19

El uso de equipamientos de protección personal durante los tratamientos odontológicos garantiza la salud de profesionales y pacientes. Este trabajo tiene como propósito analizar, en la literatura científica, el conocimiento de estudiantes y profesionales de odontología sobre el uso de equipos de protección personal, antes y después de la pandemia COVID-19. Para ello se realizó una revisión integrativa en las bases de datos: Scielo, Pubmed, BVS y Web of Science, incluyendo artículos publicados entre agosto del 2010 y agosto del 2022. Fueron seleccionados 14 artículos, disponibles íntegramente en las bases de datos seleccionadas. Se excluyeron tesis, artículos de revisión, duplicados y aquellos donde la metodología no respondía al objetivo propuesto. En los 14 artículos seleccionados, el método para obtención de datos fue el cuestionario. Los estudios fueron realizados en Brasil, Yemen, Cuba, México, Líbano, Turquía, India, Londres, y Colombia. Seis estudios se realizaron antes de la pandemia y 8 de ellos después de su inicio. Todas las investigaciones evaluaban conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas y factores relacionados con el uso de equipos de protección personal. Se concluye que el uso de equipos de protección personal antes de la pandemia ya era una práctica esencial para garantizar la seguridad de profesionales, estudiantes y pacientes durante los procedimientos odontológicos; con la pandemia de COVID-19 nuevos protocolos fueron establecidos y con ellos nuevos equipamientos como el uso del protector facial y la mascarilla N95.

The use of personal protective equipment during dental treatments guarantees the professionals and patients' health. This researcher's purpose is to analyze in scientific literature the dental students and professionals' knowledge regarding the use of personal protective equipment, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. An integrative review was carried out in the databases: Scielo, Pubmed, BVS and Web of Science, including articles published between August 2010 and August 2022. 14 articles were selected, available in full in the selected databases. Theses, review articles, duplicates and those where the methodology did not respond to the proposed objective were excluded. In the 14 selected articles, the method for obtaining data was the questionnaire. The studies were carried out in Brazil, Yemen, Cuba, Mexico, Lebanon, Turkey, India, London, and Colombia. Six studies were carried out before the pandemic and 8 of them after its start. All researches evaluated knowledge, attitudes, practices and factors related to the use of personal protective equipment. It is concluded that the use of personal protective equipment before the pandemic was already an essential practice to guarantee the safety of professionals, students and patients during dental procedures; with the COVID-19 pandemic, new protocols were established and with them new equipment such as the use of the face shield and the N95 mask.

Icteric syndrome secondary to polycystic liver disease.

We present the case of a male patient in the sixth decade of life who attended due to the presence of progressive increase in abdominal circumference, accompanied by early satiety, to which generalized jaundice was later added, finding Gigot III polycystic liver disease by imaging methods.

Our voices, our lives: Unforeseen stories after the violence and opening the door to becoming whole again.

We are a group of 11 women in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Nine of us are immigrants from Mexico. One of us is from an immigrant household. One of us is neither. We have been working collaboratively on a research study called Tertulias (Spanish for "a social gathering"), which is an innovative women's peer support group approach we created to reduce social isolation, depression, and stress among women immigrants from Mexico, and to increase their resilience and sense of empowerment. In the process of implementing the Tertulias study, we are revealing the profound power of peer support, friendship, and small, quotidian kindnesses. But we are also exposing the immensity and scope of trauma, fear, loneliness, depression, and self-blame that exist in the Mexican immigrant community because of domestic violence. Our experience with domestic violence and with the consciousness-raising and support we found in Tertulias has made us want to be involved in a positive manner to do something about this issue in our community. We want our experience to mean something-to be used to make a difference. We are opening our hearts and sharing our stories and ideas. We wanted to be included as co-authors of this article because we want our stories to be received and heard by other women. We want to plant seeds to help other women find their inner strength to be able to escape from their chains. We have to return for others. It is a commitment-to understand how we were able to do it and share that with others. Through our experience participating in Tertulias, we learned that we could overcome what felt overwhelming and impenetrable. We could leave the violence and rediscover and recreate ourselves and our lives.

Impacto en la salud integral de profesionales del área de tecnología de la información que teletrabajan durante la COVID-19 / Impact in the integral health of the workers the area technology of the information who make home office during Covid -19

Resumen Introducción: con el aislamiento social impuesto a raíz de la pandemia COVID-19, la modalidad de teletrabajo desde casa ha sido una alternativa utilizada por algunas empresas. Objetivo:determinar el impacto del trabajo a distancia sobre la salud integral de personal del área de tecnología de la información. Metodología: se realizó un estudio transversal. Por medio de la plataforma Google Forms, se envió un cuestionario semiestructurado a 150 trabajadores de tecnología de la información de un municipio de mediano porte del estado de São Paulo, para obtener información sobre las variables edad, sexo, condiciones de trabajo, salud bucal y sistémica, hábitos de higiene bucal, dolor musculoesquelético, realización de ejercicios físicos y estado emocional. Resultados: de las 116 respuestas recibidas, el 87,07 % correspondió al sexo masculino, el 100 % refirió preocupación por su salud bucal y general, un 56,03 % relató cambios en sus hábitos alimentarios, un 44,83 % incrementó el consumo de alimentos y un 77,58 % reportó preocupación y ansiedad. La prevalencia de sintomatología musculoesquelética dolorosa se manifestó en el 100 % de los encuestados, sobre todo en la región cervical (53,44 %). De forma general, se corroboró baja frecuencia de actividad física y condiciones inadecuadas para el desempeño de tareas en casa. Conclusiones: el cambio de la rutina laboral presencial por la modalidad de teletrabajo impactó significativamente en la salud de profesionales de tecnología de la información. Ante la posibilidad de mantener dicha medida a fin de disminuir la exposición y el contagio del virus, se hace necesario adoptar estrategias para preservar su bienestar integral.

Abstract Introduction: With the social isolation imposed by the Covid 19 pandemic, teleworking in the home office modality has been an alternative used by some companies. Objective: To determine the impact of this remote work on the integral health of workers. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out, through the "Google Forms" platform, a semi-structured questionnaire was elaborated that was sent to 150 information technology workers from a medium-sized municipality in the state of São Paulo, to obtain information on the variables: age, sex, working conditions, oral and systemic health, oral hygiene habits, musculoskeletal pain, physical exercises and emotional state. Results: Of the total of 116 responses received, 87.07% belonged to the male sex, 100% reported concern with their oral and general health, 56.03% reported changes in their eating habits, 44.83% increased food consumption and 77.58% reported feeling concerned and anxious. The prevalence of painful musculoskeletal symptomatology manifested in 100% of workers predominantly found in the cervical region (53.44%). In general, low frequency of physical activity and inadequate conditions for home work performance were corroborated. Conclusions: The change from the usual work routine to the home office modality (teleworking) significantly impacted the health of information technology workers. Given the possibility of maintaining this modality of remote work to reduce the exposure and spread of the virus, it is necessary to adopt strategies to preserve the integral health of these professionals.

A Study of a Culturally and Contextually Situated Multimedia Approach to Recruit a Hard-to-Reach Spanish-Speaking Population for a Randomized Control Trial (RCT).

Study designs involving randomization can be difficult to communicate to participants, especially those with low literacy. The literature on strategies to explain research concepts is limited, especially for non-English speakers. We measured the effectiveness of a culturally and contextually situated multimedia approach to recruit a cohort of 60 female Mexican immigrants (FMI) to a randomized control trial (RCT) to reduce social isolation and depression. This strategy was designed to explain the concept of randomization, explain what participating in the research study entailed, and ensure informed consent. Potential participants viewed a presentation explaining the study and a video including animation with voice-over explaining the concept of randomization. We administered a pre/post survey. Respondents (N = 59) reported an increase in their understanding of randomization, intention to enroll, and attitude towards participating in research. We conclude that a culturally and contextually situated multimedia approach is an effective model when recruiting underrepresented populations with low literacy for RCTs.

Percepción de los inmigrantes: consentimiento informado y acceso a servicios de salud / Perception of immigrants: free consent and access to health services / Percepção dos imigrantes: consentimento livre e acesso aos serviços de saúde

Resumen En este estudio se propone conocer la percepción de los inmigrantes cubanos sobre el formulario de consentimiento informado y el acceso a tratamientos médicos y odontológicos. Este es un estudio descriptivo transversal, tipo encuesta. La muestra se compuso de inmigrantes de un municipio de mediano porte del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Los participantes respondieron a un formulario con preguntas relacionadas al conocimiento del formulario de consentimiento informado y la accesibilidad a tratamientos médicos y odontológicos en Brasil y en su país de origen, instrumento que también recogía información sociodemográfica sobre los encuestados. Los participantes tenían accesibilidad a la atención médica y odontológica, pero poco conocimiento sobre ese formulario durante los tratamientos. Los médicos y los odontólogos deben adoptar medidas para una práctica profesional segura, pues un formulario de consentimiento informado bien preparado y de conocimiento del paciente favorece la realización exitosa de los procedimientos.

Abstract This study aims to identify the perception of Cuban immigrants about the free and informed consent form and access to dental and medical care. This is a cross-sectional descriptive survey conducted with a sample of immigrants from a medium-sized municipality in the state of São Paulo. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire addressing the form and the access to dental and medical care both in Brazil and in their country of origin, as well as sociodemographic aspects. The results indicate that immigrants have access to medical and dental care, but little knowledge about the consent form during treatment. Considering that a well-designed consent term and patient knowledge promotes the successful performance of procedures, physicians and dentists need to adopt measures for a safe professional practice.

Resumo Este estudo visa conhecer a percepção dos imigrantes cubanos sobre o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido e o acesso a tratamentos médicos e odontológicos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal, tipo inquérito. A amostra foi composta por imigrantes de um município de médio porte do estado de São Paulo. Os participantes responderam a um formulário com questões relacionadas ao conhecimento desse termo e ao acesso a tratamentos médicos e odontológicos no Brasil e no país de origem, instrumento que também coletou dados sociodemográficos. Os participantes tinham acesso à assistência médica e odontológica, mas pouco conhecimento sobre o termo de consentimento durante os tratamentos. Os médicos e odontólogos devem tomar medidas para uma prática profissional segura, pois um termo de consentimento bem elaborado e de conhecimento do paciente promove a realização bem-sucedida dos procedimentos.

Evaluation of HIV-1 derived lentiviral vectors as transductors of Mucopolysaccharidosis type IV a fibroblasts.

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA) is a lysosomal storage disease produced by the deficiency of the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) enzyme, leading to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) accumulation. Since currently available treatments remain limited and unspecific, novel therapeutic approaches are essential for the disease treatment. In an attempt to reduce treatment limitations, gene therapy rises as a more effective and specific alternative. We present in this study the delivery assessment of GALNS and sulfatase-modifying factor 1 (SUMF1) genes via HIV-1 derived lentiviral vectors into fibroblasts from MPS IVA patients. After transduction, we determined GALNS enzymatic activity, lysosomal mass change, and autophagy pathway impairment. Additionally, we computationally assessed the effect of mutations over the enzyme-substrate interaction and phenotypic effects. The results showed that the co-transduction of MPS IVA fibroblasts with GALNS and SUMF1 cDNAs led to a significant increase in GALNS enzyme activity and a reduction of lysosomal mass. We show that patient-specific differences in cellular response are directly associated with the set of mutations on each patient. Lastly, we present new evidence supporting autophagy impairment in MPS IVA due to the presence and changes in autophagy proteins in treated MPS IVA fibroblasts. Our results offer new evidence that demonstrate the potential of lentiviral vectors as a strategy to correct GALNS deficiency.

Publisher Correction: Neck circumference is associated with adipose tissue content in thigh skeletal muscle in overweight and obese premenopausal women.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Neck circumference is associated with adipose tissue content in thigh skeletal muscle in overweight and obese premenopausal women.

Neck circumference (NC) has been proposed as a simple and practical tool, independently associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the association of NC with inter-muscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is still to be determined. We aimed to examine the association of NC with thigh IMAT, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured with computed tomography (CT) in overweight/obese women. 142 premenopausal overweight and obese Caucasian women participated in this cross-sectional study. NC was measured with an inextensible metallic tape above the thyroid cartilage according to International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol. Thigh IMAT and VAT volumes were measured with a single cross-sectional CT. Regarding the covariates, fat mass (FM) was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and physical activity was objectively measured with accelerometry. NC was positively associated with thigh IMAT and VAT volumes (standardized ß coefficient: ß = 0.45, P-value = ≤0.001, ß = 0.60, P = ≤ 0.001; respectively), which persisted after adjusting for age, height, overall FM or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Our findings show that NC is associated with thigh IMAT volume in overweight and obese premenopausal Caucasian women, regardless of the amount of lower-body fatness. These results suggest underscoring the relevance of NC as a marker of adipose tissue content in thigh skeletal muscle.

A perspective on research, diagnosis, and management of lysosomal storage disorders in Colombia.

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of about 50 inborn errors of metabolism characterized by the lysosomal accumulation of partially or non-degraded molecules due to mutations in proteins involved in the degradation of macromolecules, transport, lysosomal biogenesis or modulators of lysosomal environment. Significant advances have been achieved in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of LSDs patients. In terms of approved therapies, these include enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), substrate reduction therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and pharmacological chaperone therapy. In this review, we summarize the Colombian experience in LSDs thorough the evidence published. We identified 113 articles published between 1995 and 2019 that included Colombian researchers or physicians, and which were mainly focused in Mucopolysaccharidoses, Pompe disease, Gaucher disease, Fabry disease, and Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases. Most of these articles focused on basic research, clinical cases, and mutation reports. Noteworthy, implementation of the enzyme assay in dried blood samples, led to a 5-fold increase in the identification of LSD patients, suggesting that these disorders still remain undiagnosed in the country. We consider that the information presented in this review will contribute to the knowledge of a broad spectrum of LSDs in Colombia and will also contribute to the development of public policies and the identification of research opportunities.

Association of Neck Circumference with Anthropometric Indicators and Body Composition Measured by DXA in Young Spanish Adults.

BACKGROUND: Due to a clinical and public health interest of neck circumference (NC), a better understanding of this simple anthropometric measurement, as a valid marker of body composition is necessary. METHODS: A total of 119 young healthy adults participated in this study. NC was measured over the thyroid cartilage and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the neck. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were measured. A Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was used to determine fat mass, lean mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Additionally, body mass index (BMI) and triponderal mass index (TMI), the waist to hip and waist to height ratios, and the fat mass and lean mass indexes (FMI and LMI, respectively) were calculated. RESULTS: NC was positively associated in women (W) and men (M), with BMI (rW = 0.70 and rM = 0.84, respectively), TMI (rW = 0.63 and rM = 0.80, respectively), WC (rW = 0.75 and rM = 0.86, respectively), VAT (rW = 0.74 and rM = 0.82, respectively), Waist/hip (rW = 0.51 and rM = 0.67, respectively), Waist/height (rW = 0.68 and rM = 0.83, respectively) and FMI (rW = 0.61 and rM = 0.81, respectively). The association between NC and indicators of body composition was however weaker than that observed by BMI, TMI, WC and Waist/height in both women and men. It is of note that in women, NC was associated with FMI, VAT and LMI independently of BMI. In men, adding NC to anthropometric variables did not improve the prediction of body composition, while slight improvements were observed in women. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the present study provides no indication for NC as a useful proxy of body composition parameters in young adults, yet future studies should explore its usefulness as a measure to use in combination with BMI, especially in women.

A comparison of body composition assessment methods in climbers: Which is better?

OBJECTIVE: To compare body composition estimations of field estimation methods: Durnin & Womersley anthropometry (DW-ANT), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and Deborah-Kerr anthropometry (DK-ANT) against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a male Chilean sport climbing sample. METHODS: 30 adult male climbers of different performance levels participated in the study. A DXA scan (Lunar Prodigy®) was used to determine fat mass, lean mass and total bone mineral content (BMC). Total muscle mass (MM, kg) was estimated through a validated prediction model. DW-ANT and BIA ("non-athletes" and "athletes" equations) were used to determinate fat mass percentage (FM %), while DK-ANT was utilized to estimate MM and BMC. RESULTS: A significant (p<0.01) inter-method difference was observed for all methods analyzed. When compared to DXA, DW-ANT and BIA underestimated FM% and DK-ANT overestimated MM and BMC (All p<0.01). The inter-method differences was lower for DW-ANT. DISCUSSION: We found that body composition estimation in climbers is highly method dependent. If DXA is not available, DW-ANT for FM% has a lower bias of estimation than BIA in young male Chilean climbers. For MM and BMC, further studies are needed to compare and estimate the DK-ANT bias level. For both methods, correction equations for specific climbing population should be considered.

Alteraciones auditivas, percepción y conocimientos de estudiantes sobre ruido en una clínica de enseñanza odontológica / Auditory alterations and student knowledge and perception on noise at a dental teaching clinic

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar alteraciones auditivas en estudiantes de odontología y evaluar el nivel de conocimiento con relación a la pérdida auditiva inducida por ruido. Metodología Estudio transversal, se realizaron encuestas a estudiantes del tercer año curso diurno y cuarto año del curso nocturno de estomatología. Las variables estudiadas: trastornos auditivos y conocimiento sobre PAIR (pérdida auditiva inducida por ruido). Resultados Muestran la presencia de trastornos auditivos en 14,8% de los estudiantes, de los que 7,4% recibieron tratamiento. El 28,4% había realizado exámenes audio métricos. De los estudiantes, 24,6% tenían familiares con problemas de audición; 11,1% enfermedades preexistentes;49,3% necesitan repetición durante una conver-sación;34,4% estaba irritado en el ambiente de clases prácticas y consideraban las piezas de mano de alta rotación el instrumento más ruidoso; el 75,3% refirió usar audífonos y un 72,1% por más de 5 años. En relación a los resultados sobre conocimientos 93,8% afirmaron que el dentista es un profesional con riesgo de pérdida auditiva por ruido, pero el 83,9% no había recibido orientación sobre el PAIR. Respecto al protector auricular 77,7% lo conocía, pero sólo 3,7% lo había usado. Conclusión Los estudiantes de estomatología presentaron alteraciones auditivas inducidas por el ruido, y consideraban el local de las clases prácticas un ambiente ruidoso; es necesario un mayor conocimiento en los alumnos de las consecuencias negativas del ruido en la salud y la utilización de medidas de prevención para evitar la pérdida de la audición a largo plazo.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To identify auditory alterations in dentistry students and evaluate the level of knowledge in relation to noise-induced hearing loss. Materials and Methods Cross-sectional study. Surveys applied to third-year students of the day school, and fourth-year students of the night stomatology school. The variables studied were auditory disorders and knowledge about NIHL (noise-induced hearing loss). Results Hearing disorders were found in 14.8% of the students, of whom 7.4% were receiving treatment. Audiometric examinations were performed in 28.4% of the students. It was also found that 24.6% of the students had relatives with hearing problems; 11.1% had pre-existing conditions; 49.3% needed repetition during a conversation; 34.4% felt irritated during practical classes and considered high rotation hand pieces to be the noisiest instrument; and 75.3% reported using hearing aids (72.1% for more than 5 years). With regard to knowledge, 93.8% said that dentists are professionals at risk of hearing loss due to noise, but 83.9% had not received guidance on NIHL. Regarding the hearing protector, 77.7% knew about it, but only 3.7% had used it. Conclusion Stomatology students have noise-induced hearing loss, and also considered that the places where practical classes are given are a noisy environment. More knowledge is needed in students about the negative consequences of noise in health and the use of preventive measures to avoid hearing loss in the long term.(AU)

[Auditory alterations and student knowledge and perception on noise at a dental teaching clinic]. / Alteraciones auditivas, percepción y conocimientos de estudiantes sobre ruido en una clínica de enseñanza odontológica.

OBJECTIVE: To identify auditory alterations in dentistry students and evaluate the level of knowledge in relation to noise-induced hearing loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Surveys applied to third-year students of the day school, and fourth-year students of the night stomatology school. The variables studied were auditory disorders and knowledge about NIHL (noise-induced hearing loss). RESULTS: Hearing disorders were found in 14.8% of the students, of whom 7.4% were receiving treatment. Audiometric examinations were performed in 28.4% of the students. It was also found that 24.6% of the students had relatives with hearing problems; 11.1% had pre-existing conditions; 49.3% needed repetition during a conversation; 34.4% felt irritated during practical classes and considered high rotation hand pieces to be the noisiest instrument; and 75.3% reported using hearing aids (72.1% for more than 5 years). With regard to knowledge, 93.8% said that dentists are professionals at risk of hearing loss due to noise, but 83.9% had not received guidance on NIHL. Regarding the hearing protector, 77.7% knew about it, but only 3.7% had used it. CONCLUSION: Stomatology students have noise-induced hearing loss, and also considered that the places where practical classes are given are a noisy environment. More knowledge is needed in students about the negative consequences of noise in health and the use of preventive measures to avoid hearing loss in the long term.

OBJETIVO: Identificar alteraciones auditivas en estudiantes de odontología y evaluar el nivel de conocimiento con relación a la pérdida auditiva inducida por ruido. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio transversal, se realizaron encuestas a estudiantes del tercer año curso diurno y cuarto año del curso nocturno de estomatología. Las variables estudiadas: trastornos auditivos y conocimiento sobre PAIR (pérdida auditiva inducida por ruido). RESULTADOS: Muestran la presencia de trastornos auditivos en 14,8% de los estudiantes, de los que 7,4% recibieron tratamiento. El 28,4% había realizado exámenes audio métricos. De los estudiantes, 24,6% tenían familiares con problemas de audición; 11,1% enfermedades preexistentes;49,3% necesitan repetición durante una conver-sación;34,4% estaba irritado en el ambiente de clases prácticas y consideraban las piezas de mano de alta rotación el instrumento más ruidoso; el 75,3% refirió usar audífonos y un 72,1% por más de 5 años. En relación a los resultados sobre conocimientos 93,8% afirmaron que el dentista es un profesional con riesgo de pérdida auditiva por ruido, pero el 83,9% no había recibido orientación sobre el PAIR. Respecto al protector auricular 77,7% lo conocía, pero sólo 3,7% lo había usado. CONCLUSIÓN: Los estudiantes de estomatología presentaron alteraciones auditivas inducidas por el ruido, y consideraban el local de las clases prácticas un ambiente ruidoso; es necesario un mayor conocimiento en los alumnos de las consecuencias negativas del ruido en la salud y la utilización de medidas de prevención para evitar la pérdida de la audición a largo plazo.

Tendencias actuales de la investigación en dislexia y necesidad de formación docente / Current trends in dyslexia research and the need for teacher training

Introducción: La dislexia como necesidad educativa requiere una atención especializada. Cuando esta no se logra por parte del docente y de los que ejercen una influencia formativa en los niños, puede traer consecuencias educativas y emocionales. Objetivo: Describir las tendencias actuales del abordaje de la dislexia, según los estudios actuales relacionados con el tema. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, de 68 fuentes documentales, en Google académico, Academic Search Complete, Lilacs y Scielo; se usaron como palabras clave: dislexia, dificultad de aprendizaje, bases neurológicas, y consecuencias emocionales y educativas de la dislexia; en español e inglés; con énfasis en publicaciones de los últimos cinco años. La selección incluyó artículos de revistas científicas, informes de investigación y libros, aunque se citaron en el texto 31 fuentes. El análisis de los contenidos identificados se realizó desde una perspectiva de reflexión, con el empleo de métodos analítico-sintético, histórico-lógico y dialéctico. Conclusiones: Las investigaciones sobre dislexia se han concentrado más en las redes neuronales y sus implicaciones para las funciones cognitivas; la influencia de la conciencia fonológica en la competencia lectora; y la posibilidad de que la activación del hemisferio derecho sea pertinente en el caso de la dislexia. Se pudo comprobar, además, que no abundan los estudios referidos a sus consecuencias educativas y emocionales, sus implicaciones en el aprendizaje, y menos aún, a la formación docente para atender esta necesidad desde una concepción integradora de lo educativo, emocional y neurocognitivo(AU)

Introduction: Dyslexia as an educational need requires specialized attention. When this is not achieved by the teacher and those who exert a formative influence on children, it can bring educational and emotional consequences. Objective: To describe the current trends in the approach to dyslexia, according to current studies related to the topic. Methods: A literature review of 68 documentary sources was carried out in Google scholar, Academic Search Complete, Lilacs and Scielo; using as key words: dyslexia, learning difficulty, neurological basis, and emotional and educational consequences of dyslexia; in Spanish and English; with emphasis on publications of the last five years. The selection included articles from scientific journals, research reports and books, although 31 sources were cited in the text. The analysis of the identified contents was made from a perspective of reflection, using analytical-synthetic, historical-logical and dialectical methods. Conclusions: Dyslexia research has focused more on neural networks and their implications for cognitive functions; the influence of phonological awareness on reading competence; and the possibility that activation of the right hemisphere is relevant in the case of dyslexia. It was also found that there are not many studies related to their educational and emotional consequences, their implications for learning, and even less, to teacher training to meet this need from an integrative conception of education, emotional and neurocognitive(AU)

Evolución del sillón dental con la incorporación de elementos ergonómicos / Dentals Chair's evolution with the incorporation of ergonomics elements

Introducción: El desarrollo de la ciencia ha posibilitado la producción de equipamientos que benefician la salud de los seres humanos. A través del tiempo, la fabricación de los sillones dentales ha seguido protocolos a fin de garantizar la comodidad del paciente y del profesional. Objetivo: Describir la evolución del sillón dental y la aplicación de normas internacionales para su diseño y fabricación. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, de serie histórica. Los datos fueron obtenidos de la documentación histórica existente e imágenes fotográficas en la literatura científica. Se consultaron artículos en sitios web, BBO, Lilacs y Medline; todos relacionados con el tema de investigación. Resultados: Los sillones dentales mostraron una tendencia evolutiva significativa en los últimos años: en el inicio de la práctica odontológica, permitían el trabajo con el paciente sentado, luego aparecieron con diferentes posiciones en el espaldar y con el pasar del tiempo hubo un aumento de los dispositivos y control de los movimientos de cabezal, brazos, asiento y espaldar, lo cual posibilitó la realización de actividades con el paciente acostado. En el proceso de la evolución de los sillones, en relación con su diseño y construcción se siguen normas internacionales que garantizan la calidad y confort de estos, lo que ha sido satisfactorio en la disminución de afectaciones musculoesqueléticas de los profesionales dentistas. Conclusiones: A pesar de la existencia de las nuevas tecnologías establecidas, es preciso continuar incorporando elementos ergonómicos que produzcan el máximo de confort al profesional/paciente a fin de optimizar el trabajo odontológico(AU)

Introduction: The development of science has enabled the production of equipment that benefits the health of human beings. Over the course of time, the manufacturing of dental chairs has followed protocols in order to ensure the comfort of the patient and the professional. Objective: To describe the evolution of the dental chair and the application of international standards for its design and manufacture. Method: This is a descriptive study, of historical series. The data was obtained from the existing historical documentation and photographic images in the scientific literature, articles were consulted on websites, BBO, Lilacs and Medline, all related to the research topic. Results: Dental chairs showed a significant evolutionary tendency in the last years: at the beginning of the dental practice, they allowed the work with the patient sitting, then they appeared with different positions in the back and with the passage of time there was an increase of the devices and control of movements of head, arms, seat and back, making possible activities with the patient lying down. In the process of the evolution of the chairs, in relation to their design and construction, international standards are followed to guarantee the quality and comfort of these, which has been satisfactory in the reduction of musculoskeletal affectations of the dentist professionals. Conclusions: Despite of the existence of the new established technologies, it is necessary to continue incorporating ergonomic elements that produce maximum comfort to the professional and the patient in order to optimize the dental work(AU)

Autopercepción del peso a través de figuras corporales en niños en edad escolar de Piedras Negras, Coahuila, México / Self-perception of weight in school-age children from Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico

Resumen: Introducción: Ante la tendencia mundial en el incremento del índice de masa corporal (IMC) en todos los grupos de edad, se han buscado estrategias de control. La baja percepción en el exceso de peso en niños escolares es un tema pendiente de explorar en la frontera norte de México. Métodos: Se obtuvo el IMC de alumnos de tercero a sexto grado de educación básica. Se compararon los IMC, percibido e ideal, con el IMC medido, evaluando subestimaciones y sobrestimaciones con respecto a este último. Se calcularon las prevalencias de la exactitud en el IMC percibido y la discrepancia de la imagen ideal respecto al IMC. Resultados: Se estudiaron 155 niños (43.8% del sexo femenino) con una edad promedio de 10.2 años. La prevalencia de la exactitud del IMC percibido respecto al medido fue del 59.4%. La prevalencia de discrepancia entre el IMC ideal y el medido fue del 44.4%. La comparación del IMC percibido con el medido mostró una sobrestimación en la categoría de peso bajo (33%) y subestimaciones en las categorías de peso normal (12.4%), sobrepeso (85%) y obesidad (81.6%). Al comparar el IMC ideal con el medido, se mostró una sobrestimación absoluta en la categoría de peso bajo y subestimaciones en las categorías de peso normal, sobrepeso y obesidad, del 5.6%, 100% y 97.4%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: El presente trabajo muestra en forma consistente la subestimación que los escolares hacen de su peso, particularmente los clasificados en las categorías de sobrepeso y obesidad. en un contexto demográfico donde la prevalencia de ambas categorías en este estudio fue alta, del 38%.

Abstract: Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased worldwide. In this context, the lack of awareness of excess weight among overweight and obese children is a public health concern that needs to be explored in the Northern border of Mexico. Methods: Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from children from third to sixth grades of basic education. The Children's Body Image Scale was applied to evaluate perceived and ideal BMI comparing against calculated BMI. We also analyzed the frequency of accurate perceivers of actual weight and discrepancy of ideal weight against calculated BMI. Results: We studied 155 children (43.8% were female) with a mean age of 10.2 years. Accuracy prevalence of BMI perceived respect to calculated BMI was 59.4%. Discrepancy prevalence of ideal BMI respect to calculated BMI was 44.4%. Comparison of perceived BMI respect to calculated BMI showed an overestimation on low weight category (33%) and subestimations in categories of normal weight (12.4%), overweight (85%) and obesity (81.6%). Comparison of ideal BMI respect to calculated BMI showed an absolute overestimation of low weight and underestimations in categories of normal weight, overweight and obesity of 5.6%, 100%, and 97.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this work showed a consistent underestimation of children's body weight, particularly among those classified in categories of overweight and obesity in a demographic context in which the prevalence of both categories was of 38% in this study.

[Autopercepción del peso a través de figuras corporales en niños en edad escolar de Piedras Negras, Coahuila, México]. / Self-perception of weight in school-age children from Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico.

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased worldwide. In this context, the lack of awareness of excess weight among overweight and obese children is a public health concern that needs to be explored in the Northern border of Mexico. Methods: Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from children from third to sixth grades of basic education. The Children's Body Image Scale was applied to evaluate perceived and ideal BMI comparing against calculated BMI. We also analyzed the frequency of accurate perceivers of actual weight and discrepancy of ideal weight against calculated BMI. Results: We studied 155 children (43.8% were female) with a mean age of 10.2 years. Accuracy prevalence of BMI perceived respect to calculated BMI was 59.4%. Discrepancy prevalence of ideal BMI respect to calculated BMI was 44.4%. Comparison of perceived BMI respect to calculated BMI showed an overestimation on low weight category (33%) and subestimations in categories of normal weight (12.4%), overweight (85%) and obesity (81.6%). Comparison of ideal BMI respect to calculated BMI showed an absolute overestimation of low weight and underestimations in categories of normal weight, overweight and obesity of 5.6%, 100%, and 97.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this work showed a consistent underestimation of children's body weight, particularly among those classified in categories of overweight and obesity in a demographic context in which the prevalence of both categories was of 38% in this study.

Introducción: Ante la tendencia mundial en el incremento del índice de masa corporal (IMC) en todos los grupos de edad, se han buscado estrategias de control. La baja percepción en el exceso de peso en niños escolares es un tema pendiente de explorar en la frontera norte de México. Métodos: Se obtuvo el IMC de alumnos de tercero a sexto grado de educación básica. Se compararon los IMC, percibido e ideal, con el IMC medido, evaluando subestimaciones y sobrestimaciones con respecto a este último. Se calcularon las prevalencias de la exactitud en el IMC percibido y la discrepancia de la imagen ideal respecto al IMC. Resultados: Se estudiaron 155 niños (43.8% del sexo femenino) con una edad promedio de 10.2 años. La prevalencia de la exactitud del IMC percibido respecto al medido fue del 59.4%. La prevalencia de discrepancia entre el IMC ideal y el medido fue del 44.4%. La comparación del IMC percibido con el medido mostró una sobrestimación en la categoría de peso bajo (33%) y subestimaciones en las categorías de peso normal (12.4%), sobrepeso (85%) y obesidad (81.6%). Al comparar el IMC ideal con el medido, se mostró una sobrestimación absoluta en la categoría de peso bajo y subestimaciones en las categorías de peso normal, sobrepeso y obesidad, del 5.6%, 100% y 97.4%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: El presente trabajo muestra en forma consistente la subestimación que los escolares hacen de su peso, particularmente los clasificados en las categorías de sobrepeso y obesidad. en un contexto demográfico donde la prevalencia de ambas categorías en este estudio fue alta, del 38%.

Physical fitness, cardiometabolic risk and heart rate recovery in Chilean children.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of physical fitness (PF) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) with heart rate recovery time (ΔHRR) in Chilean school aged children. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 478 6-9 years old children participants. We measured weight, height and abdominal circumference. Fitness was measured using the 6MWT, grip strength and leap forward without impulse tests; PF z-scores were calculated. Heart rate (HR) was monitored and recorded during the 6MWT. ΔHRR was calculated as the difference between HR before and one minute after test; blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol were measured. Waist circumference, CMR-z and HOMA were calculated. RESULTS: Absolute ΔHRR and CMR-z measures in normal weight children were lower than in obese children (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). In obese children, ΔHRR was also associated with grip strength/weight (r = -0.6, p < 0.01) and PF-z (r = -0.6, p = 0.04). Insulin and HOMA were significantly related to ΔHRR (r = 0.3, p < 0.001), especially in overweight and obese children. ΔHRR values were not associated with CMR-z. CONCLUSIONS: A significant relationship between ΔHRR with fitness and insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese school children was found. We consider that these results support the need to measure these variables in overweight and obese children, in order to strengthen the need for early prevention.