ABSTRACT
As part of our investigation into the development of orally bioavailable beta(3) adrenergic receptor agonists, we have identified a series of pyridylethanolamine analogues possessing a substituted thiazole benzenesulfonamide pharmacophore that are potent human beta(3) agonists with excellent selectivity against other human beta receptor subtypes. Several of these compounds also exhibited an improved pharmacokinetic profile in dogs. For example, thiazole sulfonamide 2e (R = 4-F(3)C-C(6)H(4)) is a potent full beta(3) agonist (EC(50) = 3.6 nM, 94% activation) with >600-fold selectivity over the human beta(1) and beta(2) receptors, which also displays good oral bioavailability in several mammalian species, as well as an extended duration of action.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/chemical synthesis , Sulfonamides/chemical synthesis , Thiazoles/chemical synthesis , Administration, Oral , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/chemistry , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacokinetics , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology , Animals , Biological Availability , CHO Cells , Cloning, Molecular , Cricetinae , Dogs , Glycerol/blood , Humans , Macaca mulatta , Male , Radioligand Assay , Rats , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism , Structure-Activity Relationship , Sulfonamides/chemistry , Sulfonamides/pharmacokinetics , Sulfonamides/pharmacology , Thiazoles/chemistry , Thiazoles/pharmacokinetics , Thiazoles/pharmacologyABSTRACT
A series of thiazole benzenesulfonamide-substituted 3-pyridylethanolamines was prepared and evaluated for their human beta3 adrenergic receptor agonist activity. Incorporation of aryl and heteroaryl substitution in the 4-position of the thiazole ring resulted in a number of highly potent and selective beta3 agonists. Results of preliminary in vivo evaluation of several of these compounds is described.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/chemical synthesis , Ethanolamines/chemical synthesis , Sulfonamides/chemical synthesis , Thiazoles/chemical synthesis , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology , Animals , CHO Cells , Cricetinae , Humans , Structure-Activity Relationship , BenzenesulfonamidesABSTRACT
Synaptosomes were incubated in the presence of FeSO4 to test the hypothesis that iron-catalyzed oxidative damage causes an increase in the ubiquitination of synaptosomal proteins. Incubation with 10 or 50 microM FeSO4 caused concentration-dependent increases in carbonyl groups (an indication of protein oxidation) and ubiquitinated proteins (determined by probing Western blots with a monoclonal antibody to ubiquitin). Differences in protein ubiquitination occurred within 5 min of incubation, indicating a rapid response to oxidative stress. Results of experiments with MG-132, an inhibitor of the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins, suggested that oxidative damage stimulated ubiquitination rather than inhibited degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that synaptic terminals utilize the ubiquitin/proteasome proteolytic pathway to degrade oxidatively damaged proteins.
