ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a chronic and multifactorial disease characterized by increased adipose tissue. In females, obesity leads to reduced ovulation and lower chances of conception in diseases like polycystic ovary syndrome, making it important to characterize complementary medicine to attenuate such deleterious effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of a hydroethanolic extract from Syzigium cumini leaves in female reproductive impairments present in the obesity model of neonatal L-monosodium glutamate injection. METHODS: Newborn Wistar rats received saline (CTRL) or L-monosodium glutamate 4 mg/g BW (MSG). At 90 days of age, CTRL and some MSG rats received saline, while others received hydroethanolic extract of S. cumini leaves (HESc 500 mg/kg/day, MSG-Syz group) for 30 consecutive days. Estrous cycle was determined by daily vaginal washes. On days 26 and 28 of treatment, oral glucose tolerance test and blood collection were performed for biochemical assessment. At the end, animals were euthanized during estrous phase; blood was collected to measure sex hormones and organs collected for weighing and histological evaluation. RESULTS: MSG-Syz showed reduced Lee Index, retroperitoneal fat pads and restored gluco-insulin axis. Moreover, HESc treatment reduced serum cholesterol levels when compared to MSG. Treatment with HESc did not restore the oligociclicity observed in obese animals, though MSG-Syz reestablished ovarian follicle health back to CTRL levels, with proliferating primordial follicles - these effects were followed by a decrease on periovarian adipocyte area. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report to show the reversibility of the reproductive dysfunctions seen in MSG female rats through ethnopharmacological treatment. Moreover, it expands the use of HESc as a prominent tool to treat metabolic and reproductive disorders. Finally, we provide novel evidence that, without a functioning hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads axis, metabolic improvement is ineffective for estrous cyclicity, but critical for ovarian follicle health.
Subject(s)
Obesity/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/drug therapy , Syzygium , Adipose Tissue/drug effects , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Cholesterol/metabolism , Female , Hypothalamus , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Obesity/chemically induced , Obesity/metabolism , Ovary/drug effects , Ovary/metabolism , Pituitary Gland , Plant Leaves , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Sodium GlutamateABSTRACT
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a common sexually transmitted disease. Although often transitory, persistent oncogenic HPV infection may progress to a precursor lesion and, if not treated, can further increase the risk of cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between dietary intake and HPV persistent infection in men of a Brazilian cohort. The study population consisted of 1,248 men from the Brazilian cohort of the HIM (HPV in Men) Study, ages 18 to 70 years, who completed a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. U Mann-Whitney test was used to assess differences in median nutrient intake of selected nutrients. The association of dietary intake and persistent HPV infection was assessed in multivariate logistic models. The prevalence of any HPV infection at baseline was 66.6%. Of 1,248 participants analyzed, 1,211 (97.0%) were HPV positive at one or more times during the 4 years of follow-up and 781 (62.6%) were persistently HPV positive. Men with nonpersistent oncogenic HPV infections had higher median intake of retinol (p = 0.008), vitamin A (p < 0.001) and folate (DFE; p = 0.003) and lower median intake of energy (p = 0.005) and lycopene (p = 0.008) in comparison to men with persistent oncogenic infections. No significant association was found between selected nutrients and persistent oncogenic HPV infection. For nononcogenic persistent infections, only vitamin B12 intake was significantly associated (p = 0.003, test for trend). No association was observed between dietary intake and persistent oncogenic-type HPV infection; however, vitamin B12 intake was inversely associated with nononcogenic HPV persistence.
Subject(s)
Alphapapillomavirus/isolation & purification , Diet/classification , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Alphapapillomavirus/genetics , Brazil , Carotenoids , Feeding Behavior , Folic Acid , Humans , Logistic Models , Lycopene , Male , Middle Aged , Nutrition Surveys , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Prospective Studies , Vitamin A , Vitamin B 12 , Young AdultABSTRACT
Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. (Asteraceae), known as assa-peixe, has been used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, hemoptysis, persistent cough, internal abscesses, gastric and kidney stone pain. Moreover, some studies demonstrated that species of Genus Vernonia present antifungal activity. Due to the biological relevance of this species, the aim of this study was to investigate the toxic, genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antifungal potential of V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster or against Candida spp. The aqueous extract of the plant showed no toxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity in the experimental conditions tested using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART/wing). However, when the extract was associated with doxorubicin, used in this work as a positive control, the mutagenic potential of doxorubicin was enhanced, increasing the number of mutations in D. melanogaster somatic cells. In the other hand, no inhibitory activity against Candida spp. was observed for V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract using agar-well diffusion assay. More studies are necessary to reveal the components present in the V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract that could contribute to potentiate the doxorubicin genotoxicity.(AU)
Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. (Asteraceae), conhecida como assa-peixe, tem sido utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de várias doenças, como bronquite, pneumonia, hemoptise, tosse persistente, abcessos internos, afecções gástricas e cálculo renal. Além disso, alguns estudos já demonstraram que espécies do Gênero Vernonia apresentam atividade antifúngica. Devido à relevância biológica dessa espécie, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos citotóxico, genotóxico, antigenotóxico e antifúngico do extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes em células somáticas de Drosophila melanogaster ou contra Candida spp. O extrato aquoso da planta não apresentou atividade citotóxica, genotóxica e antigenotóxica nas condições experimentais testadas usando o teste de recombinação e mutação somática em asa (SMART-asa). No entanto, quando o extrato foi associado com a doxorrubicina, utilizada neste trabalho como controle positivo, o potencial mutagênico da doxorrubicina foi potencializado, aumentando o número de mutações em células somáticas de D. melanogaster. Por outro lado, nenhuma atividade inibitória contra Candida spp. foi observada utilizando o extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes por meio do método de difusão em ágar. Mais estudos são necessários para desvendar os componentes presentes no extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes que possam contribuir para potencializar a genotoxicidade da doxorrubicina.(AU)
Subject(s)
Vernonia/toxicity , Doxorubicin/toxicity , Drosophila melanogaster , Candida , Toxins, Biological/analysis , Genotoxicity/analysis , Cytotoxins/analysis , Antifungal Agents/analysis , Mutation/drug effectsABSTRACT
Abstract Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. (Asteraceae), known as “assa-peixe”, has been used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, hemoptysis, persistent cough, internal abscesses, gastric and kidney stone pain. Moreover, some studies demonstrated that species of Genus Vernonia present antifungal activity. Due to the biological relevance of this species, the aim of this study was to investigate the toxic, genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antifungal potential of V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster or against Candida spp. The aqueous extract of the plant showed no toxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity in the experimental conditions tested using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART/wing). However, when the extract was associated with doxorubicin, used in this work as a positive control, the mutagenic potential of doxorubicin was enhanced, increasing the number of mutations in D. melanogaster somatic cells. In the other hand, no inhibitory activity against Candida spp. was observed for V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract using agar-well diffusion assay. More studies are necessary to reveal the components present in the V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract that could contribute to potentiate the doxorubicin genotoxicity.
Resumo Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. (Asteraceae), conhecida como “assa-peixe”, tem sido utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de várias doenças, como bronquite, pneumonia, hemoptise, tosse persistente, abcessos internos, afecções gástricas e cálculo renal. Além disso, alguns estudos já demonstraram que espécies do Gênero Vernonia apresentam atividade antifúngica. Devido à relevância biológica dessa espécie, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos citotóxico, genotóxico, antigenotóxico e antifúngico do extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes em células somáticas de Drosophila melanogaster ou contra Candida spp. O extrato aquoso da planta não apresentou atividade citotóxica, genotóxica e antigenotóxica nas condições experimentais testadas usando o teste de recombinação e mutação somática em asa (SMART-asa). No entanto, quando o extrato foi associado com a doxorrubicina, utilizada neste trabalho como controle positivo, o potencial mutagênico da doxorrubicina foi potencializado, aumentando o número de mutações em células somáticas de D. melanogaster. Por outro lado, nenhuma atividade inibitória contra Candida spp. foi observada utilizando o extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes por meio do método de difusão em ágar. Mais estudos são necessários para desvendar os componentes presentes no extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes que possam contribuir para potencializar a genotoxicidade da doxorrubicina.
Subject(s)
Animals , Candida/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Vernonia , Drosophila melanogaster/drug effects , Mutation/drug effects , DNA Damage/drug effects , Plant Leaves , Cell Culture Techniques , Drosophila melanogaster/cytology , Hybrid Cells , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. (Asteraceae), known as "assa-peixe", has been used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, hemoptysis, persistent cough, internal abscesses, gastric and kidney stone pain. Moreover, some studies demonstrated that species of Genus Vernonia present antifungal activity. Due to the biological relevance of this species, the aim of this study was to investigate the toxic, genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antifungal potential of V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster or against Candida spp. The aqueous extract of the plant showed no toxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity in the experimental conditions tested using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART/wing). However, when the extract was associated with doxorubicin, used in this work as a positive control, the mutagenic potential of doxorubicin was enhanced, increasing the number of mutations in D. melanogaster somatic cells. In the other hand, no inhibitory activity against Candida spp. was observed for V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract using agar-well diffusion assay. More studies are necessary to reveal the components present in the V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract that could contribute to potentiate the doxorubicin genotoxicity.
Subject(s)
Candida/drug effects , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Drosophila melanogaster/drug effects , Mutation/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Vernonia , Animals , Cell Culture Techniques , DNA Damage/drug effects , Drosophila melanogaster/cytology , Hybrid Cells , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens/pharmacology , Plant LeavesABSTRACT
Hymenaea courbaril L., popularly known as jatobá, is a plant species that grows in the forests of South America. The species has been used for culinary purposes and in folk medicine to treat arthritis and inflammations. Due to the increasing use of this plant globally, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxic, genotoxic, recombinogenic, and antigenotoxic effects of H. courbaril sap (Hycs) using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. To evaluate the aneugenic and clastogenic activities revealed by the micronucleus test, the animals were treated with 3 doses of Hycs (5, 10, and 15 mL/kg body weight). To evaluate the antianeugenic and anticlastogenic activities, the animals were simultaneously treated with Hycs and mitomycin C (4 mg/kg body weight). To assess the mutagenic and recombinogenic activities using SMART, 3-day-old larvae derived from standard and high bioactivation crosses were treated with 3 doses of Hycs (3.0, 1.5, and 0.3 mL) for approximately 48 h. To evaluate antimutagenic and antirecombinogenic activities, larvae derived from both crosses were co-treated with 3 doses of Hycs (3.0, 1.5, and 0.3 mL) and doxorubicin (0.125 mg/ mL). The mouse bone marrow micronucleus test revealed that Hycs exhibited no cytotoxic, clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects, but did show anticytotoxic, anticlastogenic and/or antianeugenic activities. The SMART revealed no mutagenic or recombinogenic effects, but antimutagenic and antirecombinogenic activities were observed in somatic cells of D. melanogaster from both crosses.
Subject(s)
DNA Damage , Hymenaea/chemistry , Mutagenesis/drug effects , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Recombination, Genetic/drug effects , Animals , Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drosophila melanogaster , Larva/drug effects , Mice , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective/chemically induced , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of the medicinal plant Duguetia furfuracea were assessed using SMART/wing and ring-X-loss tests. For the ring-X-loss test, 2- to 3-day-old Drosophila melanogaster ring-X-lineage males and virgin ywsn³ females received D. furfuracea infusion at doses of 0.085, 0.042, or 0.014 g/mL for 24 h. We found that D. furfuracea did not produce any mutagenic effects in D. melanogaster germinative cells. The somatic cells of D. melanogaster were analyzed using the SMART/wing test involving three lineages - mwh, flr³, and ORR - and the same doses of D. furfuracea infusion employed in the ring-X-loss test, as well as 20 mM urethane. The results of both standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses showed absence of mutagenic activity of D. furfuracea. In contrast, in both ST and HB crosses, we observed a modulatory effect of D. furfuracea against the genotoxic activity of urethane.
Subject(s)
Annonaceae/chemistry , Drosophila melanogaster/drug effects , Drosophila melanogaster/genetics , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Drosophila melanogaster/cytology , Female , Genotype , Male , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens/pharmacology , Mutation , Phenotype , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Wings, Animal/drug effectsABSTRACT
Luehea divaricata is a native plant of the Brazilian Cerrado, known as "açoita-cavalo". It is used as a popular herbal medicine in the treatment of dysentery, bleeding, arthritis, tumors, ulcers, and gangrenous wounds. Considering that herbal medicines sometimes provoke tumors and/or may prevent mutational events, it is important to study the action of these natural drugs on DNA. Aqueous extract of the bark of L. divaricata was evaluated at three different concentrations (0.10, 0.30, 0.50 mg/mL), individually and in combination with the neoplastic drug doxorubicin (DXR), by the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART/wing) in Drosophila melanogaster. Distilled water was included as a negative control. The mutation frequency in the treatments with L. divaricata extract alone was not significantly higher than in the negative control for standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses. When L. divaricata extract was combined with DXR, there was a significant reduction in the frequency of spots when compared to DXR alone, in both crosses. Further studies with other experimental models would be useful to confirm that L. divaricata extract is not harmful and that it could be used in the prevention of cancer.
Subject(s)
Drosophila melanogaster/drug effects , Malvaceae/chemistry , Mutagens/toxicity , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Plants, Medicinal/toxicity , Animals , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Drosophila melanogaster/genetics , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutation/drug effects , Survival Analysis , Wings, Animal/drug effectsABSTRACT
Palicourea coriacea, popularly known as "douradinha", is a medicinal plant from the Brazilian Cerrado region used in folk medicine to treat kidney and urethral stones and kidney inflammation. We evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and possible antigenotoxic activities of an aqueous extract of P. coriacea on somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster, using the somatic mutation and recombination test. We used third-stage larvae of D. melanogaster from a standard cross and a high bioactivation cross and tested 10 different doses of P. coriacea aqueous extract (5, 15, 25, 35, 50, 65, 80, 95, 110, and 125 mg/mL). Doxorubicin (0.125 mg/mL) was used as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control. None of the doses was lethal to the larvae.There was no genotoxic effect at 5, 10, or 15 mg extract/mL. However, a significant decrease in the frequency of spots induced by doxorubicin was observed when administered with P. coriacea aqueous extract at these same doses. We conclude that P. coriacea aqueous extract is not cytotoxic or genotoxic at these doses, but it does protect against the genotoxic action of doxorubicin.
Subject(s)
Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Drosophila melanogaster/drug effects , Drosophila melanogaster/genetics , Rubiaceae/genetics , Rubiaceae/metabolism , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Genes, Plant , Genetic Techniques , Heterozygote , Larva/drug effects , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutation/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Recombination, Genetic/drug effects , Wings, Animal/drug effectsABSTRACT
In this study we investigated the influence of a ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) lesion with ibotenic acid on water and sodium intake and pressor responses induced by combined treatment of the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) with angiotensin II (ANG II) and adrenergic agonists (phenylephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol and clonidine). Male Holtzman rats with a stainless steel cannula implanted into the MnPO and bilateral sham (vehicle) or VMH lesions with ibotenic acid were used. The ingestion of water and sodium and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were determined in separate groups submitted to sodium depletion with the diuretic furosemide (20 mg/rat). ANG II (10 pmol) injection into the MnPO of sham-lesioned rats induced water and sodium intake and pressor responses. VMH-lesion reduced ANG II-induced water intake and increased saline intake. In sham rats phenylephrine (80 nmol) into MnPO increased, whereas norepinephrine (80 nmol) and clonidine (40 nmol) reduced ANG II-induced water intake while sodium intake was reduced only by clonidine into MnPO. In VMH-lesioned rats, phenylephrine reduced, noradrenaline increased and clonidine produced no effect on ANG II-induced water intake. In lesioned rats ANG II-induced sodium intake was reduced by phenylephrine and noradrenaline, whereas clonidine produced no change. ANG II-induced pressor response was reduced in VMH-lesioned rats, but the pressor response combining ANG II and phenylephrine or noradrenaline in VMH-lesioned rats was bigger than sham rats. These results show that the VMH is important for the changes in water and sodium intake and cardiovascular responses induced by angiotensinergic and adrenergic activation of the MnPO.
Subject(s)
Drinking/drug effects , Eating/drug effects , Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/toxicity , Ibotenic Acid/toxicity , Preoptic Area/physiology , Sodium/physiology , Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiology , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology , Angiotensin II/administration & dosage , Angiotensin II/pharmacology , Animals , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Male , Microinjections , Rats , Sodium/deficiency , Sodium Chloride, Dietary , Vasoconstrictor Agents/administration & dosage , Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
We investigated the influence of ibotenic acid lesions of the medial hypothalamus (MH) on salt appetite and arterial blood pressure responses induced by angiotensinergic and adrenergic stimulation of the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) of rats. Previous injection of the adrenergic agonists norepinephrine, clonidine, phenylephrine, and isoproterenol into the MnPO of sham MH-lesioned rats caused no change in the sodium intake induced by ANG II. ANG II injected into the MnPO of MH-lesioned rats increased sodium intake compared with sham-lesioned rats. Previous injection of clonidine and isoproterenol increased, whereas phenylephrine abolished the salt intake induced by ANG II into the MnPO of MH-lesioned rats. Previous injection of norepinephrine and clonidine into the MnPO of sham MH-lesioned rats caused no change in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) induced by ANG II. Under the same conditions, previous injection of phenylephrine increased, whereas isoproterenol reversed the increase in MAP induced by angiotensin II (ANG II). ANG II injected into the MnPO of MH-lesioned rats induce a decrease in MAP compared with sham-lesioned rats. Previous injection of phenylephrine or norepinephrine into the MnPO of MH-lesioned rats induced a negative MAP, whereas pretreatment with clonidine or isoproterenol increased the MAP produced by ANG II injected into the MnPO of sham- or MH-lesioned rats. These data show that ibotenic acid lesion of the MH increases the sodium intake and pressor responses induced by the concomitant angiotensinergic, alpha 2 and beta adrenergic activation of the MnPO, whereas alpha 1 activation may have opposite effects. MH involvement in excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms related to sodium intake and MAP control is suggested.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/drug effects , Eating/physiology , Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/toxicity , Hypothalamus, Middle/physiology , Ibotenic Acid/toxicity , Preoptic Area/physiology , Sodium, Dietary , Adrenergic Agonists/pharmacology , Angiotensin II/pharmacology , Animals , Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/administration & dosage , Hypothalamus, Middle/anatomy & histology , Hypothalamus, Middle/drug effects , Ibotenic Acid/administration & dosage , Injections , Male , Preoptic Area/anatomy & histology , Preoptic Area/drug effects , RatsABSTRACT
We determined the effects of two classical angiotensin II (ANG II) antagonists, [Sar1, Ala8]-ANG II and [Sar1, Thr8]-ANG II, and losartan (a nonpeptide and selective antagonist for the AT1 angiotensin receptors) on diuresis, natriuresis, kaliuresis and arterial blood pressure induced by ANG II administration into the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) of male Holtzman rats weighing 250-300 g. Urine was collected in rats submitted to a water load (5% body weight) 1 h later. The volume of the drug solutions injected was 0.5 microliters over 10-15 s. Pre-treatment with [Sar1, Ala8]-ANG II (12 rats) and [Sar1, Thr8]-ANG II (9 rats), at the dose of 60 ng reduced (13.7 +/- 1.0 vs 11.0 +/0 1.0 and 10.7 +/0 1.2, respectively), whereas losartan (14 rats) at the dose of 160 ng totally blocked (13.7 +/- 1.0 vs 7.6 +/- 1.5) the urine excretion induced by injection o 12 ng of ANG II (14 rats). [Sar1, Ala8]-ANG II impaired Na+ excretion (193 +/- 16 vs 120 +/- 19), whereas [Sar1, Thr8]-ANG II and losartan block Na+ excretion (193 +/- 16 vs 77 +/- 15 and 100 +/- 12, respectively) induced by ANG II. Similar effects induced by ANG II on K+ excretion were observed with [Sar1, Ala8]-ANG II, [Sar1, Thr8]- ANG II, and losartan pretreatment (133 +/- 18 vs 108 +/- 11, 80 +/- 12, and 82 +/- 15, respectively). The same doses as above of [Sar1, Ala8]-ANG II (8 rats), [Sar1, Thr8]-ANG II (8 rats), and losartan (9 rats) blocked the increase in the arterial blood pressure induced by 12 ng of ANG II (12 rats) (32 +/- 4 vs 4 +/- 2, 3.5 +/- 1, and 2 +/- 1, respectively. The results indicate that the AT1 receptor subtype participates in the increases of diuresis, natriuresis, kaliuresis and arterial blood pressure induced by the administration of ANG II into the MnPO.
Subject(s)
Angiotensin II/pharmacology , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Diuresis/drug effects , Natriuresis/drug effects , Potassium/urine , Preoptic Area/drug effects , Receptors, Angiotensin/drug effects , Angiotensin II/antagonists & inhibitors , Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists , Animals , Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology , Imidazoles/pharmacology , Losartan , Male , Preoptic Area/physiology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Angiotensin/physiology , Tetrazoles/pharmacologyABSTRACT
We determined the effects of two classical angiotensin II (ANG II) antagonists, [Sar1, Ala8]-ANG II and [Sar1, Thr8]-ANG II, and losartan (a nonpeptide and selective antagonist for the AT1 angiotensin receptors) on diuresis, natriuresis, kaliuresis and arterial blood pressure induced by ANG II administration into the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) of male Holtzman rats weighing 250-300 g. Urine was colected in rats submitted to a water load (5 percent body weight) by gastric gavage, followed by a second water load (5 percent body weight) 1 h later. The volume of the drug solutions injected was 0.5 µl over 10-15 s. Pre-treatment with [Sar1, Ala8]-ANG II (12 rats) and [Sar1, Thr8]-ANG II (9 rats), at the dose of 60 ng reduced (13.7 +/- 1.0 vs 11.0 +/- 1.0 +/- 1.2, respectively), whereas losartam (14 rats) at the dose of 160 ng totally blocked (13.7 +/- 1.0 vs.7.6 +/- 1.5) the urine excretion induced by injection of 12 ng of ANG II (14 rats)...
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Angiotensin II/pharmacology , Diuresis/drug effects , Natriuresis/drug effects , Arterial Pressure , Saralasin/pharmacology , Angiotensin II/administration & dosage , Angiotensin II/antagonists & inhibitors , Preoptic Area , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
We tested the effects of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone on water and salt intake induced by angiotensin II (ANG II) injected into the third ventricle of female Holtzman rats weighing 250-300 g. The water and salt ingestion observed after 120 min in the control experiments (injection of 0.5 microliter of 0.15 M NaCl into the third ventricle) was 1.6 +/- 0.3 ml (N = 10) and 0.3 +/- 0.1 ml (N = 8) in intact rats, respectively, and 1.4 +/- 0.3 ml (N = 10) and 0.2 +/- 0.1 (N = 8) in ovariectomized rats, respectively. ANG II injected in intact rats (4, 6, 12, 25, and 50 ng, icv, in 0.5 microliter saline) induced an increase in water intake (4.3 +/- 0.6, 5.4 +/- 0.7, 7.8 +/- 0.8, 10.4 +/- 1.2, 11.2 +/- 1.4 ml/120 min, respectively) (N = 43). The same doses of icv ANG II in intact rats increased the 3% NaCl intake (0.9 +/- 0.2, 1.4 +/- 0.3, 2.3 +/- 0.4, 2.2 +/- 0.3, and 2.5 +/- 0.4 ml/120 min, respectively) (N = 42). When administered to ovariectomized rats ANG II induced comparable amounts of water intake (4.0 +/- 0.5, 4.8 +/- 0.6, 6.9 +/- 0.7, 9.6 +/- 0.8, and 10.9 +/- 1.2 ml/120 min, respectively) (N = 43) but there was a significant decrease of 3% NaCl solution ingestion (0.3 +/- 0.1, 0.4 +/- 0.1, 0.8 +/- 0.2, 0.7 +/- 0.2, and 0.6 +/- 0.2 ml/120 min, respectively) (N = 44). Estrogen (50 micrograms), progesterone (25 ng), and testosterone (300 micrograms) were injected daily into ovariectomized rats for 21 days. Treatment with estrogen decreased the water intake and abolished the saline ingestion induced by icv injection of ANG II (12 ng) (2.8 +/- 1.2 and 0.3 +/- 0.1 ml/120 min, respectively) (N = 8). Treatment with progesterone also reduced the water intake (3.3 +/- 0.6 ml/120 min) (N = 8) and abolished the ANG II-induced saline ingestion (0.4 +/- 0.1 ml/120 min) (N = 8), but these effects were not observed with testosterone (6.4 +/- 0.8 and 2.2 +/- 0.3 ml/120 min, respectively) (N = 8). These results indicate that ANG II induces a greater increase in sodium intake in intact female rats than in ovariectomized rats and that estrogen and progesterone impair water and sodium intake in ovariectomized rats.
Subject(s)
Angiotensin II/administration & dosage , Drinking/drug effects , Estradiol/administration & dosage , Ovariectomy , Progesterone/administration & dosage , Sodium/administration & dosage , Testosterone/administration & dosage , Animals , Female , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/blood , Injections, Intraventricular , Luteinizing Hormone/blood , Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
We tested the effects of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone on water and salt intake induced by angiotensin II (ANG II) injected into the third ventricle of female Holtzman rats weighing 250-300 g. The water and salt ingestion observed after 120 min in the control experiments (injection of 0.5µl of 0.15 M NaCl into the third ventricle) was 1.6 ñ 0.3 ml (N = 10) and 0,3 ñ 0.1 ml (N = 8) in intact rats, respectively, and 1.4 ñ 0.3 ml (N = 10) and 0.2 ñ 0.1 (N = 8) in ovariectomized rats, respectively. ANG II injected in intact rats (4, 6, 12, 25, and 50 ng, icv, in 0,5 µl saline) induced an increase in water intake (4.3 ñ 0.6, 5.4 ñ 0.7, 7.8 ñ 0.8, 10.4 ñ 1.2, 11.2 ñ 1.4 ml/120 min, respectively) ( N = 43). The same doses of icv ANG II in intact increased the 3 per cent NaCl intake (0.9 ñ 0,2, 1.4 ñ 0,3, 2,3 ñ 0.4, 2,2 ñ 0,3, and 2.5 ñ 0.4 ml/120 min, respectively) (N = 42). When administered to ovariectomized rats ANG II induced comparable amounts of water intake (4.0 ñ 0.5, 4.8 ñ 0.6 ñ 0.7, 9.6 ñ 0.8, and 10.9 ñ 1.2 ml/120 min, respectively (
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Angiotensin II/administration & dosage , Estradiol/administration & dosage , Drinking , Progesterone/administration & dosage , Sodium/administration & dosage , Testosterone/administration & dosage , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/blood , Injections, Intraventricular , Luteinizing Hormone/blood , Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism , Ovariectomy , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Os autores relatam sua experiencia com o uso de transfusoes de concentrados de leucocitos polimorfonucleares (TPMN) em 21 casos de sepse neonatal (SNN) admitidos no bercario do Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (HBDF), no perido de junho de 1982 a maio de 1983. Tentam fazer correlacao da incidencia da SNN com fatores perinatais e usam como indicadores laboratoriais de infeccao a bacteriologia, presenca de leucocitose ou leucopenia, morfologia dos leucocitos, relacao bastao (e formas imaturas)/neutrofilos totais e a proteina C reativa positiva. Mostram ainda os achados clinicos mais frequentes bem como os agentes bacterianos isolados no Servico.Terminam por admitir a real validade dessa nova terapia na reducao da taxa de mortalidade por SNN no bercario do HBDF, visto ter havido apenas um obito no grupo estudado