ON THE METHODOLOGY OF PASSPORT DOSES CALCULATION FOR UKRAINIAN SETTLEMENTS RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED DUE TO THE CHORNOBYL NPP ACCIDENT. / ЩОДО МЕТОДИКИ РОЗРАХУНКУ ПАСПОРТНИХ ДОЗ НАСЕЛЕНИХ ПУНКТІВ УКРАЇНИ, ЯКІ ЗАЗНАЛИ РАДІОАКТИВНОГО ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ В РЕЗУЛЬТАТІ АВАРІЇ НА ЧАЕС.

OBJECTIVE: scientific substantiation of the new methodology for estimation of passport doses of the settlementswhich belong to Zone of Unconditional (obligatory) Resettlement, or 2nd zone and Zone of Granted VoluntaryResettlement, or 3rd zone in the framework of dosimetric passportization in accordance with the legislation ofUkraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 37 years after the accident, radioactive contamination of the environment has significantly decreased. However, it is still necessary to carry out ecological and dosimetric monitoring and apply countermeasures in certain territories of Ukraine affected by the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant: restriction of the consumption of locally produced milk, forest products, etc. The methodology, which was since 1996 used to estimate the passport doses of Ukrainian settlements, no longer corresponds to the current level of scientific knowledge about radioactive contamination of environment. The new methods of passport doses calculating presented in the work involves the use of a model whose parameters are determined by the types, quality and completeness of radio-ecological and dosimetric monitoring carried out on the radioactively contaminated territories in 1986-2013. The methodology takes into account the specific of radioactive contamination of each settlement. The passport dose of external exposure is reconstructed only from 137Cs radionuclide, because the contributions of other Chornobyl radionuclides influence the radiation dose only in the first years after the accident. The passport dose of internal exposure is formed as a result of the consumption of 137Cs contaminated food products. It is calculated depending on the availability in the settlement in the current year of the results of measurements of the 137Cs radionuclide activity incorporated in the human body using a whole body counter (WBC) and the activity of 137Cs in the private milk. At the same time, priority is given precisely to the results of WBC measurements of 137Cs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A new methodology (Methodology-2023) for passport doses calculation of Ukrainian settlements was substantiated. A comparison of passport doses based on the results of radioecological and dosimetric monitoring in 2011 calculated by Methodology-2023 and passport doses calculated by Methodology-96 was made.Passport doses calculated by Methodology-2023 increased by 40 % on average compared to doses calculated by Methodology-96. At the same time, passport doses of internal radiation calculated by the new methodologyincreased by 1.5 times, and passport doses of external radiation increased by 1.7 times. The passport dose of 2011, calculated by Methodology-2023, exceeds the legally established limit of 1 mSv in 71 settlements, most of which are located in Korostenkyi raion of Zhytomyr Oblast.

COMPLEX RADIATION AND HYGIENIC MONITORING OF POPULATION ON RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES OF ZHYTOMYR OBLAST IN 2021. / KOMPLEKSNYI RADIATsIINO-GIGIIeNIChNYI MONITORYNG MEShKANTsIV RADIOAKTYVNO ZABRUDNENYKh TERYTORII ZhYTOMYRS'KOÏ OBLASTI U 2021 ROTsI.

OBJECTIVE: the key factors identification in radiation dose formation in population of radiologically contaminatedareas of Zhytomyr oblast in the current period of accident through complex radiation and hygienic monitoring in reference settlements in 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For complex radiationhygienic monitoring in Zhytomyr oblast, 10 settlements were chosen - Narodychi, Selets, Bazar, Rudnya Bazarska, Khrystynivka - zone 2, Motiyki, Zalissya, Davydky, Radcha, Nova Radcha - zone 3 of Narodychi district, in which the highest radiation doses were recorded after the accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The research was carried out in June 2021. In order to determine the doses of internal radiation, 645 measurements were performed on whole body counters (WBC) (478 adults and 167 children). The 44 samples of milk, 45 samples of potatoes and vegetables, and 38 samples of wild products were collected in local farms and measured for the 137Cs and 90Sr content. Residents of the studied settlements (n = 220, 175 adults, and 45 children) were interviewed about the levels of consumption of staple foodstuffs. External radiation doses were evaluated in all the studied settlements. Mathematical, dosimetry, and radiochemical methods were applied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Annual effective radiation doses of Zhytomyr oblast population in 2021 were formedmainly due to internal radiation ones that not exceeded 1.8 mSv * year-1 in adults and 0.5 mSv * year-1 in children against the radiologically contaminated territories (RCT) criterion of 1 mSv * year-1. Intake of 137Cs with milk and wild mushrooms, which traditionally occupy a significant part of diet in Zhytomyr oblast area and have consistently high levels of radioactive cesium contamination, remains a key factor of internal radiation dose forming in residents of the surveyed settlements of Zhytomyr oblast.

RETINA VESSELS CHANGES IN CHORNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT EMPLOYEES WHO EXPERIENCED LONG-TERM ABNORMAL RADIATION EXPOSURE AT THE WORKPLACE AS A RESULT OF THE OCCUPATION OF CHORNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN 2022. / ZMINY SUDYN SITKIVKY V SPIVROBITNYKIV ChORNOBYL'S'KOÏ ATOMNOÏ ELEKTROSTANTsIÏ, IaKI ZAZNALY TRYVALOGO NENORMOVANOGO RADIATsIINOGO VPLYVU NA ROBOChOMU MISTsI VNASLIDOK OKUPATsIÏ ChAES U 2022 ROTsI.

During the occupation of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) in 2022, a group of employees remained in the working town for a long time. These personnel were exposed to long-term radiation and non-radiation factors of the production environment, as well as stress and other factors. These factors could result in negative changes of health.It is known that radiation exposure causes changes in the course and caliber of retinal vessels. OBJECTIVE: to assess the condition of retinal arteries and veins and the level of incorporated 137Cs content in persons who were exposed to prolonged exposure to radiation and non-radiation factors of industrial environment, as they were at the workplace overtime during the occupation of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive ophthalmological examination was carried out. Which included the determination of the diameter of the retinal arteries and veins, the arteriovenous ratio, of 55 people from among the personnel of the ChNPP, who worked under the conditions of the occupation of the ChNPP. All those examined were examined on an expert human radiation counter. The results of the ophthalmological examination were compared with the results of earlier examinations of ChNPP employees of the same age groups. RESULTS: It was established that in the examined group, a decrease in the arterio-venous ratio was observed, mainly due to the expansion of retinal veins. Dilatation of the veins was asymmetric, mainly the branches of the central vein of the retina of the right eye were more dilated. Retinal arteries were narrowed in all examined subjects. When comparing the results with the data of previous examinations, it was established that the arterio-venous ratio in this group was probably lower than in previously examined employees of the ChNPP of the same age groups. At the same time, the maximum registered value of the content of incorporated 137Сs was 713 Bq/organism, none of the examined exceeded the control level of 1,000 Bq/organism. CONCLUSIONS: Violation of blood circulation in the retina was detected - a probable increase in the arteriovenous ratio due to the expansion of the retinal veins in the personnel of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant who worked under the conditions of the occupation of the ChNPP in 2022. Since the examined subjects did not exceed the control level of incorporated 137Сs content (1,000 Bq/organism), the observed effect may be a consequence of the influence of other, both radiation and non-radiation factors.

COMPREHENSIVE RADIATION AND HYGIENIC MONITORING IN POPULATION OF THE RIVNE OBLAST RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES. / KOMPLEKSNYI RADIATsIINO/GIGIIeNIChNYI MONITORYNG MEShKANTsIV RADIOAKTYVNO ZABRUDNENYKh TERYTORII RIVNENS'KOÏ OBLASTI U 2020 r.

OBJECTIVE: The key factors identification in radiation dose formation in population of radiologically contaminatedareas of Rivne oblast in the current period of accident through comprehensive radiation and hygienic monitoring inreference settlements in 2020 and estimation of their impact on dose formation were the study objectives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comprehensive radiation and hygienic monitoring of settlements in Rivne oblast(province) was provided in Stare Selo, Vezhytsia, Perekhodychi, and Drozdyn villages of Rokytne district, where thehighest radiation doses were registered after the ChNPP accident. Studies were conducted in September 2020.Measurements (n=696, 318 adults, and 378 children) were performed using the whole body counters (WBC) to deter-mine the internal radiation doses. The 48 samples of milk, 45 samples of potatoes and vegetables, and 35 samplesof wild products were collected in local farms and measured for the 137Cs and 90Sr content. Residents of the studiedsettlements (n=229, 140 adults, and 89 children) were interviewed about the levels of consumption of staple food-stuffs. External radiation doses were evaluated in all the studied settlements. Mathematical, dosimetric, and radio-chemical methods were applied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Annual effective radiation doses of the Rivne oblast population in 2020 were formedmainly due to internal radiation ones that not exceeded 1.24 mSv · year-1 in adults and 0.65 mSv · year-1 in childrenagainst the RCT criterion of 1 mSv · year-1. Further 1.2-1.9-fold decrease in the annual internal radiation doses vs.the results of WBC-monitoring in autumn of 2017 was registered in the surveyed settlements. The latter confirmeda time pattern of radiation levels gradual reduction at the current stage of Chornobyl accident since 2011. Intakeof 137Cs with milk and wild mushrooms, which traditionally occupy a significant part of diet in the Rivne Polissya areaand have consistently high levels of radioactive cesium contamination, remains a key factor of internal radiationdose forming in residents of the surveyed settlements of Rivne oblast.

RECONSTRUCTION, VERIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF WBC MEASUREMENTS DATED 1986 THAT WERE INPUTTED TO ELECTRONIC DATABASE IN 2019-2021. / VIDNOVLENNIa, VERYFIKATsIIa TA ANALIZ REZUL'TATIV LVL/VYMIRIuVAN' 1986 R., ShchO VNESENI DO ELEKTRONNOÏ BAZY U 2019­2021 rr.

Objective of research is to improve the electronic database of WBC measurements dated 1986 by inputting of newinformation from paper carriers, reconstruction of information gaps, verification and analysis of new entered data,revision of internal exposure doses that are based on results of WBC measurements dated 1986. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2013-2015 during a revision of databases (DB) of WBC measurements results dated1986-2014, it was discovered a great amount of paper carriers with information about WBC measurements, includ-ing the ones dated 1986, that were not inputted to the electronic DB. The paper carriers were systematized andordered by the following indicators: place of residence of a person and place of WBC measurement, institution andoperator that made the measurement, measurement device and date of measurement. For a comfortable inputtingof the information to the electronic DB, it was additionally created a form which exists as an option in existing program complex Silbody (Version 19.0.9). In the revised DB of WBC measurements dated 1986 internal exposure dosesfrom radio-cesium of Chornobyl origin were computed based on an ecological and dosimetric model for radio-cesiummigration in environment and a model for radio-cesium metabolism in human body. In the work, mathematical andstatistical methods of research were used. RESULTS: In 2019-2021 additionally 35,319 notes were inputted to the electronic DB of WBC measurement dated1986, and as a result its volume increased in 2.2 times. Mostly those are data on results concerning residents of Kyiv,Zhytomyr, Donetsk, Cherkasy, Odessa, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Rivne Oblasts. It was established the information onmeasurement devices and respectively on the minimal detected activity (MDA) for 27,119 notes (76.7 % of all newentered). Information is reconstructed about the body mass of all persons under investigation. Evaluation is madefor values of intake of incorporated radionuclides 137Cs and 134Cs for all new entered to DB. Quality of reconstructedinformation was analyzed. To group 1, «qualitative¼, it was classified 18,598 notes (53 % of all new entered), measurements in 1986 (including new entered). Dose not exceeding 1 mSv was obtained by 80 % of adults (older than20), as well as 73 % of persons younger than 20. CONCLUSION: To DB of WBC measurements, it was additionally inputted 35,319 notes on results of measurementsdated 1986. New entered information is verified and distributed by the quality groups. Individual exposure dosesevaluated based on those data can be used for further scientific research.

ASSESSMENT OF QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS IN CHILDREN - RESIDENTS OF RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES IN THE LATE PERIOD AFTER THE ChNPP ACCIDENT. / OTsINKA IaKISNYKh ZMIN V ELEMENTAKh PERYFERYChNOÏ KROVI U DITEI ­ MEShKANTsIV RADIOAKTYVNO ZABRUDNENYKh TERYTORII U VIDDALENYI PERIOD PISLIa AVARIÏ NA ChAES.

OBJECTIVE: to establish the relationship between quantitative and qualitative parameters of peripheral blood cells(lymphocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, platelets) depending on the type of somatic diseases andannual internal radiation doses from 137Cs in children - residents of radiologically contaminated territories in thelate period after the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) accident. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 175 children included in the study comprising residents of radiologically con-taminated territories (n = 79) aged from 4 to 18 years. Annual internal radiation doses in children from 137Cs rangedfrom 0.004 to 0.067 mSv. Certain blood parameters were assessed in a comparative mode in children having got theradiation doses up to 0.01 mSv and higher. The comparison group (n = 96) included children living in settlementsnot attributed to the radiologically contaminated ones. Incidence and type of somatic diseases and its impact onquantitative and qualitative changes in blood parameters (i.e. lymphocyte, neutrophilic granulocyte, monocyte, andplatelet count) were studied. The cell size, state of nucleus, membranes and cytoplasm, signs of proliferative anddegenerative processes were taken into account. RESULTS: Incidence and type of somatic diseases in children did not depend on the annual internal radiation dose.Number of cases of monocytosis was significantly higher among the children exposed to ionizing radiation than inthe comparison group (16.6 % vs. 7.3 %). There were, however, no correlation between these changes and radiationdoses. Number of activated blood monocytes with cytoplasmic basophilia and residues of nucleoli in nuclei washigher in individuals with internal radiation doses > 0.01 mSv. A direct correlation between the qualitative param-eters of monocytes and internal radiation doses was established (rs = 0.60; р < 0.001), as well as a direct correlationof different strength between qualitative parameters of blood cells, indicating their unidirectional pattern depend-ing on the somatic morbid conditions. Regardless of annual internal radiation dose, there was an increase in thenumber of degenerative and aberrant cells vs. the comparison group (р < 0.05), which could be due to the role ofnon-radiation factors. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the assessment of quantitative and qualitative parameters of peripheral blood cells reflect-ed the state of morbid conditions in children and are of a diagnostic value. The identified dose-dependent changesin monocyte lineage of hematopoiesis may be the markers of impact of long-term radionuclide incorporation withfood in children living in environmentally unfavorable conditions after the ChNPP accident.

RESULTS OF WBC-MONITORING OF FIREFIGHTERS PARTICIPATING IN RESPONSE TO CHORNOBYL FOREST FIRES IN APRIL-MAY 2020. / REZUL'TATY LVL-MONITORYNGU POZhEZhNYKh, ShchO BULY ZADIIaNI U GASINNI LISOVOÏ POZhEZhI V ZONI VIDChUZhENNIa ChAES U KVITNI­TRAVNI 2020 ROKU.

OBJECTIVE: of this study was to determine the levels of radionuclides in the rescuers' bodies of the SES during firefighting in the exclusion zone of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant and to assess the dose of internal radiation dueto this receipt. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 06.04.2020 to 19.05.2020 in the State Institution «National Research Center forRadiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine¼ (NRCRM) measurements of the contentof incorporated gamma radionuclides on whole body counters (WBC) operational class «Screener-3M¼ (Minimumdetected activity (MDA) is 300-500 Bq for 5 minutes of measurement at 137Cs) and expert high-sensitivity WBC (MDAis 20 Bq for 10 minutes of measurement at 137Cs). 470 people (523 measurements) in three groups of personnel ofthe SES of Ukraine who took part in the forest fire liquidation in the exclusion zone in the period from April 4 toMay 5, 2020 were examined. Mathematical and spectrometric methods are used in the work. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In the vast majority (95 %) of the personnel of the SES of Ukraine, examined at the WBCoperational class «Screener-3M¼ (more than 500 measurements), the assessment of the values of the individualeffective dose of internal radiation due to 137Cs in the body during firefighting, assuming that it receipt occurredduring operation in the exclusion zone, did not exceed the minimum dose detected by MDD (5-14 µSv). The average value of the effective dose of internal radiation in the group of personnel of the State Emergency Service ofUkraine in Kyiv, which participated in the elimination of forest fires in the exclusion zone from April 4 to May 5, 2020(26 people) studied at the expert WBC, is 2.5 ± 1.1 µSv, in the group of personnel of the SES of Ukraine in Cherkasyregion, which participated in the fire on April 19-24, 2020 (9 people) - 2.2 ± 0.6 µSv, in the group of personnel ofthe SES of Ukraine in the Kyiv region, which took part in the elimination of the forest fire in the exclusion zone onApril 4 - May 5, 2020 (42 people) - 4.4 ± 2.4 µSv. Maximum values of 5.1 µSv, 3.5 µSv, 11.8 µSv in the groups ofKyiv city, Cherkasy and Kyiv regions, respectively, which is much lower than the basic dose limit for the populationfrom man-made sources of 1000 µSv · year-1 according to the Law of Ukraine about protection of the person againstinfluence of ionizing radiation.

COMPREHENSIVE RADIOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC MONITORING OF PARTICULAR SETTLEMENTS OF KYIV REGION IN 2019. / KOMPLEKSNYI RADIATsIINO/GIGIIeNIChNYI MONITORYNG OKREMYKh NASELENYKh PUNKTIV KYÏVS'KOÏ OBLASTI U 2019 ROTsI.

OBJECTIVE: to identificate the main factors and assess their impact on the formation of radiation doses to the population of radioactively contaminated areas of Kyiv region at the current stage of the accident based on complexradiation and hygienic monitoring in the reference settlements in 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comprehensive radiological and hygienic monitoring was carried out in eight settlementsof Kyiv region - villages of Ragivka, Lygovyky, Mar'yanivka, Zelena Poliana of Polis'kyi district and villages ofHornostaipil, Dytiatky , Pisky, Karpylivka of Ivankiv district. The content of incorporated 137Cs was determined withdirect measurement on whole body counters (WBC) samples of basic foodstuffs were collected to determine the content of radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs, residents were interviewed about the levels of consumption of these products,and work was performed to estimate external radiation doses. Mathematical, dosimetric, radiochemical methods areused in the work. RESULTS: There was a further decrease in annual doses of internal radiation in the surveyed settlements in 1.3 times, bothin Polis'kyi district (0.041 mSv · year-1 in 2016, 0.030 mSv · year-1 in 2019) and in Ivankiv district (0.023 mSv · year-1in 2016, 0.018 mSv · year-1 in 2019). It is possible to state a slowdown in the reduction of radiation doses comparedto previous years: from 2010 to 2013, the annual doses of internal radiation in the surveyed settlements decreasedby 1.8-2.4 times, from 2013 to 2016 - by 2.3-3.6 times. The content of 137Cs and 90Sr in milk and potatoes in theinspected settlements is lower than the permissible level of the Hygienic Standard HS 6.6.1.1-130-2006 and the useof these foods can not significantly affect the formation of the internal radiation dose. The content of 90Sr in milksamples in the settlements of Ivankiv district is in the range of 2.1-9.9 Bq · kg-1 (in 2016: 1.3-7.4 Bq · kg-1), whichdoes not exceed the permissible level of 20 Bq · kg-1, but due to the dynamics needs further monitoring. The content of 137Cs in samples of dried mushrooms collected from residents of Kyiv region in 2019, as in previous years, issignificantly (up to 100 times) higher than permissible level, and has a high uncertainty - from 1.4 kBq · kg-1 to223.7 kBq · kg-1. CONCLUSIONS: It is established that the annual effective radiation doses of the population in the surveyed settlements in the current year are formed due to internal radiation doses that do not exceed 0.46 mSv · year-1 in Ivankivdistrict and 0.51 mSv · year-1 in Polis'kyi district, which below the RCT criterion 1 mSv · year-1. The main factor that forms the dose of internal radiation of the residents of the surveyed state of emergency of Kyiv region is the intake of 137Cs in the body with forest products, primarily mushrooms.

ENDOCRINE REGULATION OF ERYTHROID LINEAGE OF HEMATOPOIESIS IN CHILDREN LIVING UNDER A LOW-DOSE RADIATION EXPOSURE AFTER THE CHORNOBYL NPP ACCIDENT. / ENDOKRYNNA REGULIaTsIIa ERYTROTsYTARNOÏ LANKY GEMOPOEZU V DITEI, IaKI ZhYVUT' NA RADIOAKTYVNO ZABRUDNENYKh TERYTORIIaKh PISLIa AVARIÏ NA ChAES.

OBJECTIVE: Elucidation of relationship between the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free serum thyroxine, serum and urine cortisol and parameters of erythroid lineage of hematopoiesis to estimate the thyroid functionin children of prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal age permanently residing under a low-dose radiation exposureto determine the premorbid state of thyroid function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children aged 3 to 18 years old (n = 203) living in the most intensively radionuclide-contaminated regions of Kyiv, Zhytomyr and Chornihiv oblasts of Ukraine after the Chornobyl NPP accident wereenrolled. Complaints of ossalgia, arthralgia, fatigue, bone fractures in the history, bone dysembryogenetic stigmata,hypermobility syndrome degree, and types of somatic diseases were taken into account. Peripheral blood countparameters, biochemical indices of blood serum were studied, namely the levels of total protein, cholesterol, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase activity. Levels of the free thyroxine, pituitary TSH, serum and daily urine cortisol, anddoses of radiation exposure were determined. RESULTS: The radiation dose values in children ranged from (0.35 ± 0.09) mSv to (0.54 ± 0.12) mSv. There was nodifference between the parameters of erythroid lineage of hematopoiesis depending on radiation dose. At the levels of serum TSH up to 1.0 µIU/ml no correlation was found with cortisol levels; at TSH levels of 1.0-3.0 µIU/ml thecorrelation coefficient was r = 0.31; at TSH levels higher than 3.0 µIU/ml the correlation coefficient was r = 0.61probably indicating a compensatory role of adrenal cortex in children at risk of thyroid disease development. In children with joint hypermobility grade II there was a higher incidence of dentofacial anomalies (χ2 = 6.9), deformitiesof lower extremities (χ2 = 6.9), and dental caries (χ2 = 4.3) (p < 0.05). There was a direct correlation between theserum TSH level (over 3 µIU/ml) and micrognathia (brachygnathia) (r = 0.62) indicating the impact of thyroid disease on dentofacial development. The TSH at a level of upper limit of the reference range values may contribute toa decreased RBC count in peripheral blood, increased average volume and hemoglobin content in erythrocyte beingassociated with the initial manifestations of thyroid dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal endocrine regulation of hematopoiesis affects the connective tissue, stromal microenvironment of bone marrow, and accordingly the erythroid branch of hematopoiesis in children, which may be relevant inthe development and course of oncohematological diseases.

EVALUATION OF MAIN FOODSTUFFS CONSUMPTION BY RESIDENTS OF PARTICULAR SETTLEMENTS ON RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE. / OTsINKA SPOZhYVANNIa OSNOVNYKh KhARChOVYKh PRODUKTIV MEShKANTsIaMY OKREMYKh NASELENYKh PUNKTIV RADIOAKTYVNO ZABRUDNENYKh TERYTORIY̆ UKRAÏNY.

OBJECTIVE: evaluation of main foodstuffs consumption levels of residents in particular settlements on radiological- ly contaminated territories of Kyiv, Rivne and Zhytomyr regions and determination of the proportion of local house- holds products to goods purchased in the trade network in the daily ration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was conducted in 22 settlements of Kyiv, Rivne, Zhytomyr regions. For the study, the questionnaires were written for adults and children, which included 47 questions in 5 content blocks regarding the questionnaire data of the interviewed person; peculiarities of household management; levels of food consumption grown in local households and separately purchased in the trade network; levels of local wildlife products consumption; and the fifth - regarding the possession of information on radiation, received an individual dose of radiation from the «Chornobyl component¼, protective preventive measures. In total 539 people were inter- viewed, including 359 adults and 180 children aged 1 to 18 years. Information about children under 14 years of age was provided by their parents. Mathematical, statistical methods were used. RESULTS: According to the results of the survey, it can be stated that the main foodstuffs of residents of the sur- veyed settlements are milk and dairy products, potatoes and root crops of local cultivation, bread and bakery products purchased in the trade network. The analysis of the structure and dynamics of the diet of the popula- tion of the surveyed settlements showed a significant decrease in the consumption levels of basic food products, primarily purchased through the trade network, due to a decline in purchasing power of the population in recent years. CONCLUSIONS: The diet of the residents of the surveyed settlements consists mainly of products produced in private or local households. Fewer people use wildlife products - wildfowl, fish from local water bodies, fresh and canned wild berries, and fresh and dried mushrooms, but due to their significant 137Cs contamination, even small amounts of these products can result in a significant dose of radiation.

RESULTS OF WBC MEASUREMENTS WERE MADE AT RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE IN 1986-2014 (REVISION AND ANALYSIS). / REZUL'TATY LVL6VYMIRIuVAN', PROVEDENYKh NA RADIOAKTYVNO ZABRUDNENYKh TERYTORIIaKh UKRAÏNY U 1986-2014 rr. (REVIZIIa TA ANALIZ).

OBJECTIVE: revision, analysis, and significant improvement of quality of the database of WBC measurements made in1986-2014 at radioactively contaminated territories of Ukraine by the use of renewal of informational gaps andimprovement of the model for assessment of internal exposure doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Inthe periodfrom 1986 to 2014 experts of the Whole Body Counters Laboratory of NRCRMaccumulated about 1.5 million results of WBC measurementsof radio-cesium incorporated in the body of personsresiding at the territories which are radioactively contaminated due to Chornobyl accident. Most of measurements(~64 %) were made during the first 15 years after the accident. The most of measurements were made in Kyiv (~23 %),Zhytomyr (~36 %), Rivne (~20 %) and Chernihiv (~5 %) Oblasts. Works on revision of database of WBC measurementsincluded: transformation of data saved in paper format into electronic form, checking for correctness and correspon-dence of information, renewal of lacking information at the fields of database, improvement of the model for eval-uation of internal exposure doses by the data of WBC measurements. In the model for evaluation of revised doses,it is assumed uniform content of radio-cesium during a year. Reference values are used of metabolism parametersand anthropometric human parameters recommended in publications of ICRP. RESULTS: Revised doses have been reconstructed for 1,386,585 records of data base of WBC measurements that fitspecially elaborated criterions for estimation of quality of results. Among them 604,215 records are WBC measure-ments of children and adolescents younger than 18, and 782,370 records correspond to adult inhabitants of Ukraine,most of which reside in Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Rivne and Chenihiv Oblasts. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained results serve as a ground for further works on improvement of models for evaluation of pass-port doses and individualized exposure doses of subjects registered in Ukrainian State Register - of persons thataffected due to Chornobyl accident. Evaluated doses can be used for epidemiological, clinical and other research.

RESULTS OF COMPREHENSIVE RADIOLOGICAL - HYGIENIC MONITORING IN SOME SETTLEMENTS OF RADIOLOGICALLY CONTAMINATED AREAS IN RIVNE REGION IN 2017. / REZUL'TATY KOMPLEKSNOGO RADIATsIINO/GIGIIeNIChNOGO MONITORYNGU OKREMYKh NASELENYKh PUNKTIV RADIOAKTYVNO ZABRUDNENYKh TERYTORII RIVNENS'KOÏ OBLASTI U 2017 r.

OBJECTIVE: Identification of the main factors of radiation exposure formation in the residents of surveyed settle-ments of radiologically contaminated territories in Rivne region and estimation of radiation doses in population ata current stage of the accident. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comprehensive radiological and hygienic monitoring was conducted within 7 settlementsof the Rokytnivsky district of Rivne region, namely in the Stare Selo, Vezhytsya, Perehodychi, Drozdyn', Berezove,Zabolottya, and Hrabun' villages. Assay of the incorporated 137Cs was held using a whole-body counter in residentsof the villages twice a year, i.e. in May and October. Basic foodstuffs were sampled for the assay of 90Sr and 137Cs alongwith interview of residents about the foodstuff consumption. External radiation doses were estimated. Mathe-matical, dosimetric, and radiochemical methods were applied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The annual effective exposure doses of population in the surveyed settlements of Rivneregion in the year of study were formed at the expense of internal exposure doses ranging from 0.13 mSv · year-1 to0.32 mSv · year-1, which is below the criterion for radiologically contaminated territories. It has been establishedthat the incorporation of 137Cs by the inhabitants is a principal factor of the internal radiation dose formation. The 137Cs incorporation occurs through the consumption of such basic foodstuffs as milk and forest products, primarilymushrooms, which traditionally occupy a significant part of the diet in the Polissya area. The 137Cs content in thevast majority of milk and mushroom samples significantly exceeded the permissible levels (PL). The maximum con-tent of 137Cs in the collected milk samples was 384.7 Bq · L-1, which is 4 times higher than PL, and 36.9 kBq · kg-1 indried mushrooms being 15 times higher than PL. CONCLUSIONS: The existing radiation and ecological situation in the areas that were exposed to radioactive contam-ination as a result of the Chornobyl disaster requires the continuation of monitoring of levels of radioactive con-tamination of foodstuffs, especially collected in forests, and doses of radiation exposure of the population.

FEATURES OF NITRIC OXIDE METABOLISM AND RISK OF DEVELOPING ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN CHILDREN WITH e-NOS GENE 4a/4b POLYMORPHISM UNDER LONG-TERM ENTERING 137Cs TO BODY. / OSOBLYVOSTI METABOLIZMU OKSYDU AZOTU TA RYZYK ROZVYTKU ENDOTELIAL'NOÏ DYSFUNKTsIÏ U DITEI Z 4a/4b POLIMORFIZMOM GENA eNOS PRY TRYVALOMU NADKhODZhENNI 137Cs DO ORGANIZMU.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the features of the nitrogen oxide metabolism and risk of developing endothelial dysfunc-tion in children with e-NOS 4a/4b gene polymorphism, who live under prolonged enter 137Cs to the body. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were examined 117 children-residents of radioactively contaminated territories and50 children of control group. The level of stable metabolites was defined in blood serum (NO2- and NO3-). The ther-mographic method was used to register the endothelium dependent reaction of the vascular bed to changes in theblood supply. The ventilation capacity of the lungs was evaluated using this method of pneumotachography.Polymorphism in intron 4 of the gene e-NOS was studied by the method of polymerase chain reaction. The contentof 137Cs in the body of children was determined using a human radiation counter Skrynner M-3. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In children-residents of radioactively contaminated territories with genotype 4a/4b com-paring to children who had genotype 4b/4b, the decrease in the nitric content of in the blood serum, the increase inthe thermographic index of the recovery period of blood circulation to the baseline level after occlusion test werenoted, that is indicative of the decreased NO-synthase active of vascular endothelium in the carriers of the minorallele a in the 4th intron of gene eNOS (genotype 4a/4b), and is a risk factor for development of endothelial dysfunc-tion. It was proved a decrease in the index of lung tissue elasticity and stretchability - FVC / NFVC of the lungs com-paring to children with genotype 4b/4b, there was a reduction of integral index of respiratory tract permeability -FEV1/NFEV1. The inverse correlation dependence between the presence of allele a in the genotype and the values ofFVC/NFVC of the lungs (r = -0.259; p <0.05) and FEV1/NFEV1 (r = -0.2267; p <0.05) was found. Signs of bron-chospasm were found in the carriers of the allele a in 1.5 times more often than in children-carriers of homozy-gotes from allele b.

Reconstruction of individualized doses of subjects from the Ukrainian State Register - of Persons that Affected due to Chornobyl accident and reside in Korosten raion of Zhytomyr oblast. / REKONSTRUKTsIIa INDYVIDUALIZOVANYKh DOZ SUB'IeKTIV DERZhAVNOGO REIeSTRU UKRAÏNY OSIB, IaKI POSTRAZhDALY VNASLIDOK ChORNOBYL'S'KOÏ KATASTROFY, ShchO PROZhYVAIuT' V KOROSTENS'KOMU RAY̆ONI ZhYTOMYRS'KOÏ OBLASTI.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To elaborate an ecological dosimetric model of reconstruction individualized exposure doses of subjects from the State Register of Ukraine (SRU) - of persons, affected due to Chornobyl accident and reside at the radioactive contaminated territory of Korosten raion of Zhytomyr Oblast, and to calculate exposure doses for those persons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the paper, an ecological dosimetric model is presented which is elaborated in order to individualize exposure doses of people who reside in Korosten raion of Zhytomyr Oblast and are registered in SRU. The model is based on the results of radio ecological and dosimetric monitoring held in the period of 1986-2013 at the territory of northern oblasts of Ukraine. Annual dose over each post accidental year consists of the two compo nents: (a) annual effective dose of external gamma exposure (due to radioactive fallout on the ground), and (b) internal exposure of the whole body (due to consumption of meal contaminated by radioactive isotopes). For 1986, the dose of internal exposure is evaluated out of all main radionuclides of radioactive accidental fallout, and after 1987 only for radioisotopes of caesium (134Cs and 137Cs). The parameterization of the model is based on the pre vious experience in working out a complex of ecological dosimetric models for estimation of referent exposure doses of Ukrainian population. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Individualized doses of external and internal exposure (annual and accumulated) are estimated for the population of various age groups that resides in the settlements of Korosten raion (totally about 100 settlements). Separately the doses are presented for rural settlements of the raion and for the city of Korosten for each year of the post accidental period of 1986-2016. Estimates of doses are given that were accumulated: (a) during 15 years just after the accident, (b) for the period of 2000-2016, and (c) for 30 year period after the acci dent. Mean dose accumulated for 30 years after the Chornobyl accident by residents of rural settlements of Korosten raion is estimated as 19.8 mSv, and for inhabitants of the Korosten city as 20.9 mSv. On condition of permanent res idence in the raion, residents of about 66 % settlements of Korosten raion accumulated the doses in the interval 5 20 mSv during 30 years after the accident. For the residents of about 25 % settlements the accumulated dose is in the interval 20-50 mSv, and for 7 % of settlements it exceeds 50 mSv.

Main internal dose forming factors for inhabitants of contaminated regions at current phase of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident (Kyiv region as an example). / OSNOVNI ChYNNYKY FORMUVANNIa VNUTRIShN'OGO OPROMINENNIa NASELENNIa RADIOAKTYVNO ZABRUDNENYKh TERYTORIY NA POTOChNOMU ETAPI AVARII NA ChAES (NA PRYKLADI KYIVS'KOI OBLASTI).

UNLABELLED: Objective of this work is revealing of main dose forming factors of internal doses for inhabitants of contaminated regions of Kyiv region relying on the results of integral dosimetric monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three villages have been chosen for the investigation. They are: Raghivka, Zelena Poliana (Poliske district), Karpylivka (Ivankiv district). Twice a year, in May and in October those villages' residents were inspected for content of incorporated 137Cs. They were measured by direct method at the place of residence with the help of whole body counters (WBC). The principal food samples were collected for detection of 90Sr and 137Сs content. Those villages' inhabitants were interviewed about food consumption levels. Mathematical, dosimetric and radio chemical methods were used in this workResults and conclusions. The estimation of internal doses due to intake of 137Cs by ingestion of milk and potatoes are in the range 0.3-34% of doses estimated on the base of WBC data. The contribution to the dose of internal expo sure from intake of 137Cs with the milk consumption is no more than two times higher than the contribution of pota toes consumption in the case of equal consumption levels of these products. Contributions to the dose of internal exposure from intake of 90Sr with milk and potatoes consumptions are approximately similar. Consumption of mush rooms and other wild nature products by inhabitants from the inspected settlements is the main forming factor of internal dose due to 137Cs intake.

Changes in stable metabolites of nitric oxide in children-residents of radioactively contaminated territories. / Zminy stabil''nyh metabolitiv oksydu azotu u ditejmeshkanciv radioaktyvno zabrudnenyh terytorij.

Objective. An evaluation of the changes in nitric oxide system by the level of its stable metabolites in the blood serum and their comparison with content of 137Сs in the body of children-residents of radioactively contaminated territories. Materials and methods. The children of school age, the residents of radioactively contaminated territories were examined. The levels of nitrogen compounds (NO2- and NO3-) were determined by the standard method using Grissreagent. 137Сs content was determined in the children body by whole-radioactive body counter. Results. Studies of nitric oxide metabolite content in the blood serum revealed the decrease in nitrite level under an absence of the significant changes in nitrate content and sum of NO metabolites in the children-residents of radioactively contaminated territories. An increase in 137Cs content in the body was accompanied by a decrease of nitrite level in the blood serum of a significant part of children.

Way to improve the radiation hygenic monitoring on contaminated territories.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To provide an effective radiation hygienic inspection and population protection from ionizing radiation in the late period after the Chornobyl NPP (ChNPP) accident within reforming of the state sanitary & epidemiological supervision services. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The radiation hygienic monitoring (RHM) is performed in Ukraine within the scope of state sanitary & epidemiologic supervision by 158 radiological subdivisions of the sanitary & epidemiological station (SES). The structure of these subdivisions has been created taking into account the territorial regional bounds, a presence of radiological supervision services and ChNPP accident consequences. Nowadays it consists of regional, district, municipal subdivisions, central SESs of Crimea autonomous republic and transport subdivision. In 2012-2013 the State Sanitary & Epidemiological Service of Ukraine had been reformed and reorganized and then in several cases it wasn't optimal for RHM performance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The fulfilled analysis of radiation hygienic supervision and protection of population of contaminated regions and efficiency analysis of that supervision and protection allowed to find out and to propose some methods to improve the actual radiation hygienic supervision monitoring system on contaminated Ukrainian areas after the ChNPP accident. It is essential to restore the radiological subdivision (departments, units, labs or groups) work in the State sanitary & epidemiology service structure and to design coordinated and approved methodical recommendations to implement the RHM on contaminated areas to improve and optimize the RHM performance there.

Peculiarities of internal radiation doses due to ¹³7Cs and 9°Sr intake in population from Zhytomyr oblast in a late period after the Chornobyl NPP accident.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To reveal the peculiarities of internal radiation doses in the inhabitants of Zhytomyr oblast and to provide a scientific ground for arrangements on internal irradiation dose reducing in population from contaminated regions in long-term period after the ChNPP accident. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comprehensive radiation monitoring was carried out in 4 settlements in Narodychi region of Zhytomyr oblast. The radiochemical, dosimetric methods (instrumental and numerical) were used in the study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Significant (2-3.5 times) seasonal increase of incorporated ¹³7Cs level was revealed through a WBC-monitoring in residents (both for adults and children) of the supervised settlements of Narodytsky region, Zhytomyr oblast. The exceeding of 1.0 mSv x year⁻¹ dose was revealed in up to 5 % of inspected persons. The maximal registered in those settlements ¹³7Cs content of 350 kBq is the source of 10 mSv x year⁻¹ annual dose. ¹³7Cs content in milk samples from those settlements didn't change much during a year. Elevation of ¹³7Cs content exceeding the permissible level of 100 Bq x litre⁻¹ was found in ~30-50 % of milk samples from Narodychi and Selets villages, whereas in Motiyky and Khrystynivka villages the ¹³7Cs content didn't exceed permissible levels. 90Sr content both in potatoes and milk samples was much under the permissible level of 20 Bq x litre⁻¹. ¹³7Cs content in potato samples was under the permissible levels. It was found out that main part of internal irradiation doses in the settlements of concern is due to consumption of locally produced victuals i.e. milk and natural/forest-originated products like berries and mushrooms.