[Eating behaviors and emotional symptoms in childhood obesity: a cross-sectional exploratory study using self-report questionnaires in 63 children and adolescents]. / Conduites alimentaires et symptômes émotionnels dans l'obésité infantile : étude exploratoire transversale à partir d'autoquestionnaires chez 63 enfants et adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: The main objective was to assess emotional symptoms (anxiety and depression) and to describe eating behaviours in a population of children and adolescents consulting for obesity. The second objective was to examine the interactions between these parameters. METHOD: A cross-sectional exploratory study in obese children and adolescents was conducted using self-report questionnaires for depression (Child Depression Inventory), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children), binge eating (Binge Eating Scale adapted for children), emotional, external, and restrained eating (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire adapted for children) in obese children and adolescents, from both sexes, aged 7-15 years old. RESULTS: Fourty-one children and 22 adolescents were assessed, two-third were female, the mean age was 11 years ± 2.3 and the mean BMI z-score was 4.2 ± 0.9. Nearly half had significant anxiety, nearly one-third had depressive symptoms, and 15% had severe binge eating symptoms. Girls reported more anxiety than boys. Emotional and external eating, binge eating, and emotional symptoms were strongly associated. Binge eating was independently associated with emotional eating, depression, and anxiety (r=0.86, P<0.001). DISCUSSION: Emotional eating and emotional symptoms were strongly associated in the child and adolescent overweight population in these out-patient pediatric departments. CONCLUSION: Emotional symptoms and eating behavior assessments are needed in overweight children and adolescents in order to implement multidisciplinary treatment.

Oroesophageal motor disorders in Pierre Robin syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Feeding disorders are one of the main clinical features in PRS, which combines a posterior U-shaped cleft palate, retrognathia, and glossoptosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral and esophageal motor function of children with PRS without additional neurologic symptoms. METHODS: All children hospitalized with Pierre Robin syndrome either isolated (n = 27) or associated with Stickler syndrome (n = 8) were included. Clinical evaluation of their oroesophageal disorders and systematic esophageal manometry were performed. RESULTS: Feeding disorders were always present, but type of disorder varied from one child to another. Esophageal disorders were frequent and seemed to be resistant to classic gastroesophageal reflux treatment. Eighty-six percent of the children required nasogastric tube feeding for a mean duration of 8.6 months. Esophageal manometric abnormalities were noted in 50% of the children: lower esophageal sphincter hypertonia, failure of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation at deglutition, and esophageal dyskinesia. These clinical and manometric disorders showed a trend to spontaneous regression after 12 months. CONCLUSION: In the current Pierre Robin syndrome series, clinical and manometric anomalies of oroesophageal motility were always present. The authors identified an unusual manometric pattern that has also been described in situations of neurovegetative instability. It could reflect dysregulation of the control of the central pattern generators of swallowing in the brain stem.

Manometrical evaluation in visceral neuropathies in children.

Manometrical recordings were made at three levels of the digestive tract in 20 children with chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIPO) defined clinically and histopathologically by deep biopsies showing a neuropathic process. Duodenal manometry showed severe abnormalities with hypomotility in all cases and absence of migrating motor complex in 13 of 20 cases. There was no relation between the histopathologic type and the motility pattern, but the most severe abnormalities were seen in the patients with extensive involvement of the digestive tract and the most severe clinical course. Esophageal manometry was abnormal in 18 of 19 patients, with altered peristalsis consisting of simultaneous, short-lasting, or low-amplitude waves. Rectoanal manometry showed the presence of the rectosphincteric inhibitory reflex in all patients. In conclusion, there is a high frequency of small bowel manometrical abnormalities in CIPO which seem to correlate with the extent of the pathological process and the prognosis of the disease. Esophageal manometry is useful for defining the extent of dysmotility and confirming the diagnosis of CIPO in some cases.

Duodenal and esophageal manometry in total colonic aganglionosis.

Eleven children with total colonic aganglionosis were studied by esophageal and duodenal manometry. They were separated into two groups: group 1, with ileal involvement, and group 2, without ileal involvement. The results of the digestive motility studies were compared with the extent of ileal involvement of the aganglionosis and with the amount of artificial nutritional support required. All children showed abnormalities on both esophageal and duodenal manometry, suggesting complete digestive tract motility involvement. Recent advances in understanding Hirschsprung's disease and manometrial abnormalities suggest a primary motility disorder in children with total colonic aganglionosis.

[Antipoliomyelitis vaccination of young children with a new inactivated vaccine. Serological results]. / Vaccination antipoliomyélitique de jeunes enfants par un nouveau vaccin inactivé. Résultats sérologiques.

An inactivated trivalent poliovirus vaccine, prepared on simian line-cells (Vero cells), has been injected in 3 doses one month apart in 36 infants, 2 to 11 months old (30 of whom were 2 to 6 months old) to determine its tolerance and antigenic efficacy. Each dose contained 40, 8 and 32 antigenic D units for the 3 types respectively. DPT vaccine was injected simultaneously in another part of the body. Before beginning the immunization program, 20 infants had significant titers of antibodies against the 3 types of poliovirus; Only 6 were triple negative. One month after the second dose of vaccine, all the infants had significant titers of antibodies against the 3 types; these titers have not been significantly enhanced one month after the third dose. Two doses of the inactivated vaccine one month apart induced a satisfactory serologic response in spite of the presence of serum maternally transmitted antibodies. There were no adverse reactions.

Seroimmunity following vaccination in infants by an inactivated poliovirus vaccine prepared on Vero cells.

An inactivated poliovirus vaccine prepared from cultures of Vero cells has been tested on 61 infants from two to 11 months of age (mean age, 4.3 months) for tolerance and serologic potency. Three doses of vaccine were given one month apart at the same time that diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine was injected at another body site. Poliovirus-neutralizing antibody titers were measured before the first and third injections and one month after each. The titer was considered positive when the dilution was greater than or equal to 1:4. The tolerance has been good. Thirty-one infants were assessable for serologic efficacy; all had significant serologic responses after two injections of polio vaccine, regardless of the titer of maternally transmitted antibodies before the immunizations. The third injection did not significantly increase the antibody titer observed after the first two doses.