Rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-C coupling of 7-azaindoles with vinyl acetates and allyl acetates.

The behaviour of electron-rich alkenes with 7-azaindoles in rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H activation is investigated. Various substituted vinyl acetates and allyl acetates as coupling partners reacted smoothly providing a wide variety of 7-azaindole derivatives, and the selectivity of the coupling reaction is alkene-dependent. In addition, the approaches of rhodium(III)-catalyzed dehydrogenative Heck-type reaction (DHR) and carbonylation reaction were quite novel and simple.

Synthesis of Mesoionic Isoquinolines by Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation.

Hydroxyl-substituted benzaldimines underwent a Rh(III) -catalyzed C-H activation and annulation with alkynes to provide novel mesoionic isoquinoline derivatives in moderate to excellent yields using oxygen as an internal anion source. This simple and efficient approach has a broad substrate scope.

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of 7-Azaindoles and Alkynes via Double C-H Activation.

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed double C-H activation involving N-directed ortho C-H activation and subsequent roll-over C-H activation of the heterocycle ring has been developed to form complex 7-azaindole derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. A broad scope of 7-azaindoles and internal alkynes has been demonstrated in this oxidative annulation reaction.

[Fibular head composite flap for bone and skin defect at medial malleolus in children: a report of 4 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of fibular head composite flap for bone and skin defect at medial malleolus in children. METHODS: From Aug. 2005 to Apr. 2009, 4 children cases (2 male, 2 female, from 3 to 11 year) with bone and skin defect at medial malleolus were reconstructed with fibular head composite flaps pedicled with lateral inferior genicular vascular bundle. The skin defect was 3- 6 cm x 8-10 cm in size. RESULTS: All the 4 composite flaps survived completely. The patients were followed up for 4 months to 4 years with good bony healing. Both esthetic and functional results were satisfactory in ankle joint. CONCLUSIONS: The fibular head composite tissue flap has a good therapeutic effect for bone and skin defect at medial malleolus in children.

[Chinese herbs application combined with operation for treating post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis complicated with bone-skin defects].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the method and clinical effects of integration of Chinese herbs and operation for the treatment of post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis complication with bone-skin defect. METHODS: Among 28 patients with post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis complicated with bone-skin defects, 18 patients were male and 10 females, ranging in age from 18 to 68 years, with an average of 32.5 years. All the patients were treated with transplantation of free iliac flaps to one-stage repair the bone-skin defects after infection controlled with Chinese herbs dressing. The curative effects were analyzed. RESULTS: All the patients were followed up and ranged from 8 to 56 months, with an average of 30 months. All of the flap survived, and the wounds got primary healing in 26 patients and secondary healing in 2 patients. All the grafted bone united in 2 to 14 months,with a mean time of 4.6 months. The osteomyelitis recurred in 2 patients and got healed by focal debridement. CONCLUSION: Chinese herbs application combined with operation for treating post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis complicated with hone-skin defects is effective to control infection, one-stage repair the tissue defects, which is worthy popularizing.

[Repairing soft-tissue defection of ankle and foot by sural neurovascular pedicle fasciocutaneous reversed island flap].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical application of sural neurovascular pedicle fasciocutaneous reversed island flap to repair soft-tissue defection of the ankle and foot. METHODS: From Sep. 1994 to Oct. 2004,29 patients with soft-tissue defects in the ankle and foot were repaired by use of sural neurovascular fasciocutaneous reversed island flap, including 15 cases of traumatic defects, 11 cases of burns and 3 cases of chronic ulcer. The flap area ranged from 5 cm x 7 cm to 12 cm x 20 cm, and the length of pedicle from 5 cm to 12 cm. RESULTS: The flaps survived totally in 27 cases, the distal necrosed partially and secondary free-skin grafting were further conducted in 2 cases. Twenty-one cases were followed-up for 3 to 60 months,the circulation, color and texture of the flaps were excellent and 2-point discrimination was 10 - 15 mm. The appearance and function of ankle joints were good. CONCLUSION: This flap has sufficient blood supply and a high survival rate; It is convenient in design, dissection and without sacrifice of major arteries. So, it is an effective method for the reconstruction of soft-tissue defects in ankle and foot.

[Finger reconstruction with extended free second toe flap transfer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate an ideal method for finger reconstruction with extended the second toe flap transfer. METHODS: The second toe free flap was created, combined with an pedicled skin flap from the fibular side of the great toe inlaid in the ventral side of the second toe, a double-wing flap and the distal part of the metatarsal bone. The composite free flap was transferred by vascular anastomosis for finger reconstruction. RESULTS: The reconstructed finger exhibited nice looking and better function. The procedure had little influence to the appearance and function of the donor foot. CONCLUSION: This method is effective in ameliorating the appearance and function of the reconstructed finger with the second toe transfer.

[Application of pre-fabricated free flap in reconstruction and repair of skin defect of foot in weight-bearing area].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of pre-fabricated free skin flap in reconstruction and repair of skin defect of foot in weight-bearing area. METHODS: Eight cases of skin defect of foot in weight-bearing area, due to trauma, were repaired by such an approach; free skin flap was designed and pre-fabricated at the contralateral plantar center, and 3 weeks later the free skin flap, with sensory nerve was transplanted to the site of skin defect, fixed by stitches through drilled holes in the calcaneous bone. All of 8 cases were followed up for 15 to 23 months before clinical evaluation. RESULTS: The wound healed well with no ulcer or deformity. According to American AOFAS scoring standard, it was more than 80 in 5 cases, more than 75 in 2 cases and 70 in one case. CONCLUSION: The pre-fabricated free skin flap from the contralateral plantar center is a good option to reconstruct and repair the skin defect of foot in weight-bearing area, with low ulcer occurrence and good contour.