ABSTRACT
Interfacial structure optimization is important to enhance the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) as well as the overall performance of thermal conductive composites. In this work, the effect of interfacial roughness on the TBC between copper and diamond is investigated with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) experiments. It is found from MD simulations that the thermal transport efficiency across a rough interface is higher, and the TBC can be improved 5.5 times to 133 MW/m2·K compared with that of the flat interface. Also, the TBC is only dominated by the actual contact area at the interface for larger roughness cases; thus, we conclude that the phonon scattering probability increases with the increase of roughness and becomes stable gradually. Finally, the TBC of the copper/diamond interface with different roughness is characterized by TDTR experiments, and the results also confirm the trend of MD simulations. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the roughness modification for interfacial thermal management from both theoretical analysis and experimental measurements and provides a new idea for enhancing the thermal conductivity of composites.
ABSTRACT
Targeted analysis of data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry data requires elegant software tools and strict statistical control. OpenSWATH-PyProphet-TRIC is a widely used DIA data analysis workflow. The OpenSWATH-PyProphet-TRIC workflow is typically executed by running command lines. Here, we present QuantPipe, which is a graphic interface software tool based on the OpenSWATH-PyProphet-TRIC workflow. In addition to OpenSWATH-PyProphet-TRIC functions, QuantPipe can convert the spectral library to the assay library and output peptides and protein intensities. We demonstrated that QuantPipe can be used to analyze SWATH-MS data from TripleTOF 5600 and TripleTOF 6600, phospho-SWATH-MS data, DIA data from Orbitrap instrument, and diaPASEF data from TimsTOF Pro instrument. The executable files, user manual, and source code of QuantPipe are freely available at https://github.com/tachengxmu/QuantPipe/releases.
Subject(s)
Data Analysis , Proteomics , Mass Spectrometry , Software , WorkflowABSTRACT
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage activation is a prototype of innate immune response. Although key effector proteins in LPS signaling pathway have been revealed, the map of dynamic protein interactions and phosphorylation as well as the stoichiometry of protein complexes are lacking. Here we present a dynamic map of protein interactions and phosphorylation in MyD88, TRAF6 and NEMO complexes obtained by SWATH-MS. The comprehensive MS measurement leads to quantification of up to about 3,000 proteins across about 21-40 IP samples. We detected and quantified almost all known interactors of MyD88, TRAF6 and NEMO. By analyzing these quantitative data, we uncovered differential recruitment of IRAK family proteins to LPS-induced signaling complexes and determined the stoichiometry of the Myddosome complex. In addition, quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis identified a number of unreported high-confidence phosphosites on the key proteins in LPS signaling pathway. Collectively, data of dynamic protein interactions and phosphorylation presented by this study could be a resource for further study of the LPS signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Signal Transduction , Animals , Databases, Protein , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism , Mice , Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism , Phosphorylation , Protein Binding , RAW 264.7 Cells , TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolismABSTRACT
Regulating the starch gastrointestinal digestion rate by control of its aggregation structure is an effective way, but the mechanism is still not clear. Multi-scale structure of waxy and normal wheat starches were studied by confocal laser scanning and scanning electron microscopes, as well as wide-angle and small-angle X-ray techniques in this study. In vitro digestion kinetics of those two starches and structure-digestion relationship were also discussed. Both waxy and normal starches show A-type diffraction pattern, but waxy variety shows a slightly higher crystallinity. Small-angle X-ray scattering results show that waxy wheat starch has higher scattering peak intensity (Imax) and a larger crystallinity lamellar repeat distance (Lp) compared with the normal wheat starch. We suggested that the higher digestion rate of waxy starch at initial stage is mainly due to more small-size particles, but the higher crystallinity and the larger crystalline lamellar size limit the digestion extent.