ABSTRACT
The tumor microenvironment includes blood vessels， lymph， nerves， non-malignant cells， and their metabolites at and near the tumor lesion site， which interact with cancer cells and promote cancer progression. Rapid proliferation of cancer cells increases oxygen consumption， or abnormalities in the structure and function of blood vessels in solid tumors lead to a decrease in oxygen supply， forming a hypoxia microenvironment. The existence of a hypoxia microenvironment is a typical pathophysiological feature of locally advanced solid tumors， widely present in various types of human malignant tumors. Hypoxia microenvironment is a sign of tumor microenvironment and an important and complex system in the breast tumor microenvironment. Its formation and development are closely related to the growth of breast cancer， occupying an important position in the research and treatment of breast cancer. With its advantages of multiple pathways and multiple targets， the effective monomer and compound of traditional Chinese medicine can better regulate the hypoxia microenvironment of breast cancer， inhibit the proliferation， invasion， and metastasis of breast cancer cells in the hypoxia environment， induce apoptosis， reverse their drug resistance， intervene in the metabolic reprogramming of breast cancer cells in the hypoxia environment， and inhibit their angiogenesis， thereby improving the quality of life of patients to a certain extent and prolonging the survival cycle of patients. This paper first summarized and discussed the effects of hypoxia microenvironment on proliferation， invasion， metastasis， drug resistance， immune function， metabolic reprogramming， non-coding RNA， iron death， and autophagy of breast cancer cells， which affected the occurrence and development of breast cancer， and it elaborated the mechanism behind it. Then， the paper elucidated the regulatory effect and mechanism of targeting the hypoxia microenvironment based on the two modes of effective monomer and compound of traditional Chinese medicine， so as to analyze and extract the deficiencies and directions of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating the hypoxia microenvironment and provide a theoretical reference for the effective treatment of breast cancer.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To understand the content of fluorine in tea leachate in Shijiazhuang City.Methods:From 2017 to 2019, different varieties of tea (including 7 varieties of green tea, scented tea, dark tea, oolong tea, black tea, white tea, and yellow tea) with high sales volume were purchased at the Shijiazhuang Tea Market. The fluoride content in tea was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode method through different soaking time (5, 10, 15, 20 min) and soaking times (1, 2, 3 times).Results:A total of 82 tea samples were detected, including 25 kinds of green tea (30.49%), 5 kinds of scented tea (6.10%), 11 kinds of dark tea (13.41%), 17 kinds of oolong tea (20.73%), 15 kinds of black tea (18.29%), 7 kinds of white tea (8.54%) and 2 kinds of yellow tea (2.44%). After soaking for 20 min, the fluorine contents in tea leachate of green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and dark tea (40.63, 65.43, 26.39, 58.90 mg/kg) were significantly higher than those in 5 min(23.09, 32.24, 15.77, 32.00 mg/kg, P < 0.05). Taking the fluorine content of the tea leachate soaking for 20 min as the total fluorine content, oolong tea was the highest, with a median of 65.43 mg/kg; black tea was the lowest, with a median of 26.39 mg/kg; The fluorine contents of oolong tea, dark tea and scented tea were significantly higher than that of black tea( P < 0.05). With the increase of soaking times of green tea, oolong tea, black tea, dark tea and white tea, the fluorine contents in tea leachate decreased significantly ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:In this study, the content of fluorine in the oolong tea is the highest, and the lowest is black tea. It is suggested that local residents in Shijiazhuang should drink black tea.
ABSTRACT
Pancreatic encephalopathy (PE)is one of the severe complications of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Early diagnosis mostly depends on the history of disease as well as clinical symptoms and signs.PE progresses rapidly and is often complicated by multiple organ dysfunction,and it may finally develop into multiple organ failure with a high fatality rate if not treated in time.It is currently known that de-myelination is one of the important pathological features of this disease,with fat -soluble demyelination of cerebral gray matter and white matter,as well as inflammatory changes such as hemorrhage and edema.The target antigen of demyelinating lesions,however,is myelin basic protein (MBP).This paper reviews the changes in MBP levels in the demyelinating lesions of the central nervous system among PE pa-tients,with the purpose of providing clues for the early diagnosis and prognostic study of demyelinating lesions in PE.
ABSTRACT
Severe acute biliary pancreatitis can be treated by nonsurgical and surgical approaches,and choice of the surgical techniques as well as its timing are the keys points to the whole therapy.Early enteral nutrition via placing nasointestinal feeding tube plays an important role in the nutritional support for patients with severe acute pancreatitis.This paper intends to explore the experience in standardizing the therapy for all similar cases via reviewing and summarizing the treating process of a typical patient with severe acute biliary pancreatitis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the clinical manifestations,diagnosis and surgical treatment of tubular adenoma in the extrahepatic bile duct.Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with tubular adenoma in the extrahepatic bile duct who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from July 2010 to February 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The tumors were located at the middle and lower part of the common bile duct.All the 3 patients received resection of the common bile duct and Roux-en-Y cholangioenterostomy,and recovered well.The results of pathological examination showed that all the patients were with tubular adenoma,and 2 patients had moderate atypical hyperplasia.Conclusions Tubular adenoma in the extrahepatic bile duct could be diagnosed by pathological examination.Radical resection and rerouting of the bile duct can get a better outcome.