ABSTRACT
An unknown number of asylum seekers arriving in Denmark have been exposed to torture. Amnesty International's Danish Medical Group examined 142 asylum seekers, of whom 45% had been exposed to torture. Physical and psychological symptoms were 2-3 times as frequent among torture survivors as among non-tortured asylum seekers. Among the torture survivors, 63% fulfilled the criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder, 58% had objective psychological findings, and 42% had torture-related scars. Identification of torture survivors is important in order to initiate the necessary medical treatment.
Subject(s)
Health Status , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Refugees/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Denmark/epidemiology , Denmark/ethnology , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , International Cooperation , Male , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Torture/psychology , Torture/statistics & numerical data , Violence/psychology , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Wounds and Injuries/diagnosis , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: An unknown number of asylum seekers arriving in Denmark have been exposed to torture or have experienced other traumatising events in their country of origin. The health of traumatised asylum seekers, both physically and mentally, is affected upon arrival to Denmark, and time in asylum centres leads to further deterioration in health. METHODS: One hundred forty-two (N=142) newly arrived asylum seekers were examined at Center Sandholm by Amnesty International Danish Medical Group from the 1st of September until the 31st of December 2007. FINDINGS: The asylum seekers came from 33 different countries, primarily representing Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Chechnya. Of the asylum seekers, 45 percent had been exposed to torture--approximately one-third within the year of arrival to Denmark. Unsystematic blows, personal threats or threats to family, degrading treatment, isolation, and witnessing torture of others were the main torture methods reported. The majority of the asylum seekers had witnessed armed conflict, persecution, and imprisonment. The study showed that physical symptoms were approximately twice as frequent and psychological symptoms were approximately two to three times as frequent among torture survivors as among non-tortured asylum seekers. However, even the health of non-tortured asylum seekers was affected. Among the torture survivors, 63 percent fulfilled the criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder, and 30-40 percent of the torture survivors were depressed, in anguish, anxious, and tearful in comparison to 5-10 percent of the non-tortured asylum seekers. Further, 42 percent of torture survivors had torture-related scars. INTERPRETATION: Torture survivors amid newly arrived asylum seekers are an extremely vulnerable group, hence examination and inquiry about the torture history is extremely important in order to identify this population to initiate the necessary medical treatment and social assistance. Amnesty International Danish Medical group is currently planning a follow-up study of the present population which will focus on changes in health status during their time in Denmark.
Subject(s)
Refugees/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Torture/psychology , Wounds and Injuries/classification , Anxiety , Cicatrix/etiology , Cicatrix/psychology , Denmark , Depression/etiology , Depression/rehabilitation , Health Status , Humans , International Cooperation , Prisoners/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Torture/statistics & numerical data , Violence/psychologyABSTRACT
This article outlines the background for performing medical documentation in the context of a rehabilitation centre by reviewing literature and current practices. The article moreover delineates 6 ways of using medico-legal documentation in torture prevention: National legal proceedings; international legal proceedings; asylum cases; research, lobbying and advocacy activities. This article forms the basis for a Pilot Study performed at the Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims in Copenhagen, which is described elsewhere.
Subject(s)
Crime Victims/legislation & jurisprudence , Documentation/standards , Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Torture/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , International CooperationABSTRACT
A Pilot Study was performed at the Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims (RCT) in Copenhagen in order to explore the possibilities for adding a medico-legal documentation component to the rehabilitation of torture victims already taking place. It describes the process and results on implementing medico-legal documentation in a rehabilitative setting. A modified version of the Guidelines in the Istanbul Protocol was developed on the basis of the review of literature and current practices described in "Documentation of torture victims, implementation of medico-legal protocols". The modified guidelines were tested on five clients. The aim was twofold: 1) To assess the client's attitude towards the idea of adding a documentation component to the rehabilitation process and: 2) To assess the practical circumstances of implementing the Istanbul Protocol in the everyday life of a rehabilitation centre. Results show that all five clients were positive towards the project and found comfort in being able to contribute to the fight against impunity. Also, the Pilot Study demonstrated that a large part of the medico-legal documentation was already obtained in the rehabilitation process. It was however not accessible due to lack of systematization and a data registering system. There are thus important synergies in collecting data for rehabilitation and documentation but a joint database system is necessary to realize these synergies.
