ABSTRACT
Background: Several respiratory infections outbreaks have been observed in mainland China after reduction of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Other countries have seen increases in respiratory infections outside typical seasons post-COVID-19, warranting investigation into underlying causes. Methods: We established monitoring networks for suspected respiratory infection in 14 tertiary hospitals nationwide. PCR for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B were performed on 3708 respiratory specimens and deep sequencing were conducted to identify co-infections or newly emerging microbes in 2023. Viral evolutionary analysis was completed. We retrospectively detected serum antibody level for various respiratory pathogens from 4324 adults without respiratory infections over 7 years to observe its dynamic curves. Findings: SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A were the main pathogens during outbreaks in 2023, bacterial-virus and bacterial-bacterial co-infections were most detected, but community co-infections didn't significantly increase pneumonia incidence. Different SARS-CoV-2 and influenza variants were present in different outbreaks, and no novel pathogens were found. The epidemiological patterns of influenza A, COVID-19 and etc. were altered, exhibiting characteristics of being "staggered" compared to most global regions, and potentially led to "overlapping prevalence". Binding antibody testing showed regular fluctuation, without significant decrease against common respiratory pathogens in adults. Influenza A antibody stimulation was attenuated during the 2023 outbreak. Conclusions: "Misaligned" alteration in seasonal respiratory disease patterns possibly caused combined epidemics, leading to cases spike in China, 2023. In adults, antibody levels didn't show significant decline, but reduced immune response to influenza during 2020-2023 emphasizes the need for consistent vaccination during pandemics.
ABSTRACT
The stability and safety of tap water are essential for human health and economic and social development. The stable isotopes can be used to reveal characteristics of tap water and link it with its source. In this paper, 1556 tap water samples were collected from Sichuan, China and the stable isotope ratios for these samples were determined. The δ2H ranges from -126.4 to -26.4 , and the range of δ18O is -17.04 to -2.08 , reflecting the tap water sources are affected by complex spatial features and changing meteorological elements. Stable isotopes in tap water usually reach the maximum values in summer, indicating that heavy isotope enrichment is easily achievable by the large amount of evaporation from water sources during the summer season. By using spatial interpolation and isoscapes, we can find that there is a strong correlation between both simulated tap water δ2H and river water δ2H, with the maximum difference not exceeding 10.0 , while the overall mean relative error is 6 %. Consequently, it is feasible to use tap water isotopes as a proxy for surface water isotopes in representative watersheds where surface water is the main source of water. The study shows the variation characteristics and influencing factors of tap water isotopes and enriches the isotope database of tap water in China. Meanwhile, the utilize of stable isotopes in tap water as a proxy for surface water expands the application field of tap water stable isotopes and opens new perspectives for indirectly obtaining isotope data of surface water.
ABSTRACT
Water cycle in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) is an important research topic in hydrology and ecology. The differences in the composition of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in different water bodies can indicate water cycle process. Based on the measurements of isotopic compositions in precipitation, soil water, and plant water, we analyzed water isotope evolution in a SPAC system located in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Chengdu Plain. The different interface processes of regional water cycle was revealed. The results showed that the local meteoric water line (LMWL) equation was δD=7.13 δ18O+2.35 (R2=0.99), and the soil evaporation line (SEL) equation was δD=6.98δ18O-0.32 (R2=0.92). In the water transportation process of precipitation-soil water-plant water, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes were gradually enriched. The δ18O in water of the surface soil layer (0-35 cm) was sensitive to precipitation input, as it was directly affected by precipitation. In contrast, the δ18O in water of the middle and deep layers (35-100 cm) was relatively stable. The isotopes of plant xylem water were slightly more enriched than those of soil water, indicating the possibility of slight evaporation or transpiration through phloem or bark in plant water transportation. The estimation of plant water intake from different soil layers was performed by direct correlation method. Cinnamomum camphora mainly used water from the middle layer, Broussonetia papyrifera mainly used that from the surface layer, and Parathelypteris glanduligera tended to use surface soil water and precipitation intercepted by plants because of the shallow root system. Compared with P. glanduligera, C. camphora and B. papyrifera experienced stronger water evaporation and the isotopes were influenced by more intense dynamic fractionation.
Subject(s)
Hydrogen , Soil , Atmosphere , Forests , Oxygen , Oxygen Isotopes/analysis , WaterABSTRACT
To elucidate the potential function of lncRNA CACS15 in the progression of ovarian cancer (OC) and its underlying mechanism. CACS15 level in OC tissues and cell lines was determined by qRT-PCR. Correlation between CACS15 level and survival of OC patients was analyzed through Kaplan-Meier method. Regulatory effects of CACS15 on cellular behaviors of OC cells were evaluated through CCK-8 and Transwell assay. Subsequently, RIP and RNA pull-down were performed to uncover the interaction between CACS15 and EZH2. Through ChIP assay, the interaction between EZH2 and APC was illustrated. A series of rescue experiments were finally conducted to elucidate the role of CACS15/APC axis in the malignant progression of OC. CACS15 was upregulated in OC tissues and cell lines relative to matched ones. High-level of CACS15 predicted worse survival in OC patients. Knockdown of CACS15 attenuated proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of OC cells. CACS15 was mainly distributed in cytoplasm of OC cells, which was interacted with EZH2 at post-transcriptional level. Knockdown of CACS15 reduced the occupancies of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in APC promoter regions. Notably, knockdown of APC could reverse the regulatory effect of CACS15 on cellular behaviors of OC cells. LncRNA CACS15 inhibits the expression of APC by recruiting EZH2, thus accelerating the progression of ovarian cancer as an oncogene.