ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To improve the level of early diagnosis and outcome of tuberculosis (TB) in patients with chronic renal failure on regular hemodialysis (HD). METHODS: Thirteen cases among 306 patients undergoing HD from January 1995 to May 2000 were identified, and the clinical presentations, diagnostic procedures and management were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence of TB in HD patients was 4.2%. The extrapulmonary TB is common, accounting for 76.9%. The main site of TB was pleural in 4 (30.8%) patients. Most of patients were sensitive to anti-TB agents with the total effective rate of 84.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The TB should be diagnosed carefully and treated promptly if suspected in patients with CRF during the period of HD.
Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Renal Dialysis , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Tuberculosis/etiologyABSTRACT
Using in vivo microdialysis coupled with HPLC-fluorescent detection chemical analysis method, levels of excitatory amino acid were monitored in the caudate nucleus of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during performance of a delayed go/no-go task in which movement or no-movement responses were executed depending on the position of a cue light. It was found that the levels of glutamate and aspartate in caudate microdialysates decreased by (31.68 +/- 3.85)% (n = 10, t9 = 6.51, P < 0.001) and (26.25 +/- 5.95)% (n = 10, t9 = 3.39, P < 0.01) respectively during the delayed go/no-go task performance as compared to their basal levels before the task performance. Glutamine and asparagine levels were also found decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In contrast, no such decreases were seen when the monkey performing a non-delayed go/no-go task or performing the task composed of delayed go-trials only. The results suggest that the excitatory amino acid transmission in the caudate nucleus may be involved in the delayed go/no-go task performance, and thereby provide a direct evidence for the modulation of motor working memory by glutamatergic transmission in caudate nucleus.
