Association Between Hypnotics and Dementia: A Mini Narrative Review.

OBJECTIVE: This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the existing literature on the relationship between hypnotics and dementia, considering both potential link and inconclusive or lack of association. METHODS: Data from studies that investigate the association between hypnotic medications and dementia were reviewed. Studies included both cohort studies and systematic reviews, participants with various type of dementia and hypnotics including benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs (ZDs). RESULTS: The existing literatures presents conflicting evidence regarding the association between hypnotics, including BZDs and ZDs, and the risk of dementia. Some studies suggest a potential link between prolonged use of hypnotics and an increased risk of dementia. However, other studies indicate inconclusive or lacking evidence regarding this association. Factors such as study design, sample characteristics, and control of confounding variables contribute to the variability in findings. CONCLUSION: The relationship between hypnotics and dementia remains complex and controversial. While some studies suggest a potential association, others find inconclusive or conflicting evidence. Future research should focus on addressing methodological limitations, considering classifying dementia subtypes, and try to adjust medication lag time.

Association between weekend catch-up sleep and the risk of prediabetes and diabetes: A cross-sectional study using KNHANES.

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to explore the relationship between weekend catch-up sleep (WCUS) and the risk of prediabetes/diabetes and to assess how this risk varies based on WCUS duration, using a large population sample in South Korea. METHODS: Data were sourced from the 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, involving 2472 subjects aged 30 years and above, employed, and not using blood glucose-lowering medications. Prediabetes/diabetes risk was examined based on the presence of WCUS. Participants were categorized into four groups by WCUS duration (< 1, ≥ 1 and < 2, ≥ 2 and < 3, and ≥ 3 h) to evaluate the prediabetes/diabetes risk across varying WCUS durations. RESULTS: No significant difference in prediabetes/diabetes risk was observed between the WCUS and non-WCUS groups. In subgroup analysis, a WCUS duration of 1 to 2 h was related to a lower odds ratio of prediabetes (aOR = 0.618, 95% CI = 0.382-0.999), while 3 h or more was associated with a higher odds ratio of diabetes (aOR = 3.098, 95% CI = 1.561-6.149). CONCLUSIONS: In individuals who experience insufficient sleep during weekdays and manage to achieve the optimal average sleep duration of 1 to 2 h of WCUS, WCUS was associated with improved blood glucose regulation. However, compensating for excessive weekday sleep deprivation with WCUS of 3 h or more was associated with impaired blood glucose regulation.

Effects of stabilizer magnesium nirate on CMIT/MIT-induced respiratory toxicity.

Despite a humidifier disinfectant (HD) product containing chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) with approximately 22% magnesium nitrate as a stabilizer, no report on the effects of magnesium nitrate on the respiratory toxicity of CMIT/MIT is available. In this study, Kathon CG and Proclin 200, containing approximately 1.5% CMIT/MIT with different magnesium nitrate concentrations (22.6% and 3%, respectively), were used to compare respiratory effects after intratracheal instillation (ITI) in C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice were randomized into groups of saline control, magnesium nitrate, Kathon CG, and Proclin 200 with 1.14 mg/kg of CMIT/MIT as the active ingredient, and administration was performed 6 times in a 2-3 day-interval in 2 weeks in all groups. Differential cell count analysis, cytokine analysis, and histological analysis of lung tissue were performed to characterize the injury features. Both Kathon and Proclin 200 induced an increase in inflammatory cell levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, in particular, eosinophils and type 2 T helper cell (Th2)-secreted cytokines. All histopathological changes including granulomatous inflammation, mixed inflammatory cell infiltration, mucous cell hyperplasia, eosinophil infiltration, and pulmonary fibrosis were induced with similar frequency and severity in Kathon CG and Proclin 200 groups. Our results suggested that magnesium nitrate did not affect CMIT/MIT-induced lung injury in the intratracheally instilled model. Further inhalation studies are needed to determine the distribution and toxicity differences of CMIT/MIT in the lungs according to the magnesium nitrate concentration.

Comparative study of lung toxicity of E-cigarette ingredients to investigate E-cigarette or vaping product associated lung injury.

No comparative study has yet been performed on the respiratory effects of individual E-cigarette ingredients. Here, lung toxicity of individual ingredients of E-cigarette products containing nicotine or tetrahydrocannabinol was investigated. Mice were intratracheally administered propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), vitamin E acetate (VEA), or nicotine individually for two weeks. Cytological and histological changes were noticed in PG- and VEA-treated mice that exhibited pathophysiological changes which were associated with symptoms seen in patients with symptoms of E-cigarette or Vaping Use-Associated Lung Injuries (EVALI) or E-cigarette users. Compared to potential human exposure situations, while the VEA exposure condition was similar to the dose equivalent of VEA content in E-cigarettes, the PG condition was about 47-137 times higher than the dose equivalent of the daily PG intake of E-cigarette users. These results reveal that VEA exposure is much more likely to cause problems related to EVALI in humans than PG. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PG exposure was associated with fibrotic lung injury via the AKT signaling pathway and M2 macrophage polarization, and VEA exposure was associated with asthmatic airway inflammation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. This study provides novel insights into the pathophysiological effects of individual ingredients of E-cigarettes.

Biodistribution and respiratory toxicity of chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone following intranasal and intratracheal administration.

A variety of isothiazolinone-containing small molecules have been registered and used as chemical additives in many household products. However, their biodistribution and potential harmful effects on human health, especially respiratory effects, were not yet identified in sufficient detail. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a biocide comprising a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) could reach the lungs and induce lung injury when exposure occurs by two administration routes involving the respiratory tract: intratracheal and intranasal instillation. To investigate the biodistribution of CMIT/MIT, we quantified the uptake of 14C-labeled CMIT/MIT in experimental animals for up to seven days after intratracheal and intranasal instillation. In the toxicity study, lung injury was assessed in mice using total inflammatory cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung histopathology. The results of the biodistribution study indicated that CMIT/MIT were rapidly distributed throughout the respiratory tract. Using quantitative whole-body autoradiogram analysis, we confirmed that following intranasal exposure, CMIT/MIT reached the lungs via the respiratory tract (nose-trachea-lung). After 5 min post intratracheal and intranasal instillation, the amount of radiotracer ([14C]CMIT/MIT) in the lungs was 2720 ng g-1 and 752 ng g-1 tissue, respectively, and lung damage was observed. A higher amount of the radiotracer resulted in higher toxicity. Both intratracheal and intranasal instillation of CMIT/MIT increased inflammatory cell counts in the BALF and induced injuries in the alveoli. The frequency and the severity scores of injuries caused by intratracheal instillation were approximately-four to five times higher than those induced by intranasal instillation. Therefore, we concluded that CMIT/MIT could reach the lungs following nasal and intratracheal exposure and cause lung injuries, and the extent of injury was dependent on the exposure dose.

Corrigendum: Electrophysiological changes between patients with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: An event-related potential study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.900724.].

Electrophysiological Changes Between Patients With Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts: An Event-Related Potential Study.

Introduction: Inhibitory control is regarded as an important ability related to the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts. In event-related potential, patients with dysfunction of inhibitory control demonstrate a reduction in the no-go amplitude. This study aimed to determine the association between the no-go event-related potential component and suicidal behaviors among suicide attempters and ideators who never attempted suicide. Methods: Overall, 150 patients who visited the emergency room by suicide attempts or patients who visited the psychiatric department with suicidal ideation were recruited and instructed to perform a go/no-go task during electroencephalography recording. The Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale, and Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale were used. Individuals were divided into two groups: those with suicide attempt group) and with suicidal ideation (SI group) without SA. The psychological characteristics and event-related potentials of the two groups were compared. Correlation analyses were conducted to test the association between the clinical characteristics and event-related potentials. Results: The SA group had significantly decreased no-go P3 amplitudes at all electrodes compared to the SI group. In the correlation analysis between the clinical measurements and event-related potentials in all the participants, no-go P3 amplitudes in whole electrode sites were negatively correlated with the scores of the acquired capability for the suicide scale. Conclusions: This study revealed that suicide attempters have dysfunction in controlling inhibition compared to suicide ideators reflected in the no-go P3. Our findings suggested that no-go P3 can be a biomarker associated suicide attempts in suicide ideators.

Non-Destructive Monitoring via Electrochemical NADH Detection in Murine Cells.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is an important cofactor involved in metabolic redox reactions in living cells. The detection of NADH in living animal cells is a challenge. We developed a one-step monitoring method for NADH via an electrocatalytic reaction that uses a surface-modified, screen-printed electrode (SPE) having a redox active monolayer 4'-mercapto-N-phenlyquinone diamine (NPQD) formed by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of an aromatic thiol, 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP). This electrode has a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.49 µM and a sensitivity of 0.0076 ± 0.0006 µM/µA in cell culture media, which indicates that it retains its selectivity. The applicability of this NADH sensor was demonstrated for the first time by cell viability monitoring via NADH-sensing in cell culture supernatants.

Wound Irrigation Using Wet Gauze May Reduce Surgical Site Infection Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the perioperative outcomes of wet gauze and conventional irrigation after laparoscopic appendectomy to determine whether wet gauze irrigation can help reduce surgical site infection (SSI). METHODS: A total of 308 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy were included in this study between December 2018 and May 2020. Of these, 132 (42.9%) received gauze irrigation (group 1), and 176 patients (57.1%) received conventional irrigation (group 2). Pre-operative outcomes and complications, including SSI, were compared after propensity score matching (PSM) to adjust for baseline differences and selection bias. RESULTS: After 1:1 PSM, 92 well-matched patients in each group were evaluated. Regarding perioperative outcomes between groups 1 and 2, the rate of severe complications (Clavien-Dindo Classification grades III, IV, and V), operative time, and readmission rate did not differ between the groups. Superficial/deep SSIs were observed more frequently in group 2 (8/92 cases) than in group 1 (1/92 cases; p = 0.017). The organ/space SSIs rate was not significantly different between the two groups (1/92 group 1 and 0/92 group 2, p = 0.316). However, post-operative hospital stay was significantly longer in group 2 (2.8 ± 1.3 days) than in group 1 (1.6 ± 1.2 days; p < 0.001). In the univariate analyses, wound irrigation using wet gauze was an independent protective factor for superficial or deep SSI (p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: Wound irrigation using wet gauze after fascia closure has a significant beneficial effect on reducing post-operative superficial/deep SSI following laparoscopic appendectomy.

DGG-100629 inhibits lung cancer growth by suppressing the NFATc1/DDIAS/STAT3 pathway.

DNA damage-induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS) promotes the progression of lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma through the regulation of multiple pathways. We screened a chemical library for anticancer agent(s) capable of inhibiting DDIAS transcription. DGG-100629 was found to suppress lung cancer cell growth through the inhibition of DDIAS expression. DGG-100629 induced c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and inhibited NFATc1 nuclear translocation. Treatment with SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) or knockdown of JNK1 restored DDIAS expression and reversed DGG-100629-induced cell death. In addition, DGG-100629 suppressed the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) signaling pathway. DDIAS or STAT3 overexpression restored lung cancer cell growth in the presence of DGG-100629. In a xenograft assay, DGG-100629 inhibited tumor growth by reducing the level of phosphorylated STAT3 and the expression of STAT3 target genes. Moreover, DGG-100629 inhibited the growth of lung cancer patient-derived gefitinib-resistant cells expressing NFATc1 and DDIAS. Our findings emphasize the potential of DDIAS blockade as a therapeutic approach and suggest a novel strategy for the treatment of gefitinib-resistant lung cancer.

Surgical rectus sheath block combined with multimodal pain management reduces postoperative pain and analgesic requirement after single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy: a retrospective study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of multimodal postoperative pain management, performing a surgical rectus sheath (RS) block via ropivacaine injection into the surgical field after single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA). METHODS: Patients who underwent single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) for acute appendicitis were divided into three groups and compared: group 1 (multimodal pain management that included intraoperative application of a surgical RS block), group 2 (conventional pain management with intravenous opioids), or group 3 (multimodal pain management without RS block). Forty, 53, and 42 patients were registered, respectively (Table 1). RESULTS: Time to start a liquid (1.2 ± 0.4 h) in group 1 was statistically significantly shorter than that in group 2 (16.3 ± 8.4 h; p < 0.001) and group 3 (4.93 ± 2.3 h; p < 0.001). The median and max postoperative VAS scores in group 1 (1.6 ± 1.2 and 2.2 ± 1.8, respectively) were statistically significantly lower than that in group 2 (3.0 ± 1.2 and 4.2 ± 1.9, respectively; p < 0.001 on both accounts) and group 3 (2.9 ± 0.6 and 3.4 ± 1.2, respectively; p < 0.001 on both accounts). The postoperative hospital stay for group 1 (17.0 ± 9.4 h) was shorter than that for group 2 (44.7 ± 27.9 h; p < 0.001) and group 3 (35.4 ± 20.9 h; p < 0.001). RS block was a significant factor for reducing length of hospital stay and postoperative pain in 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: A surgical RS block combined with multimodal pain management after SILA is a safe and effective method that results in reduced postoperative pain and shorter hospitalization.

Miconazole inhibits signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling by preventing its interaction with DNA damage-induced apoptosis suppressor.

DNA damage-induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS) facilitates the survival of lung cancer by suppressing apoptosis. Moreover, DDIAS promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) via their interaction. Here, we identified miconazole as an inhibitor of DDIAS/STAT3 interaction by screening a chemical library using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Miconazole inhibited growth, migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, miconazole suppressed STAT3 tyrosine Y705 phosphorylation and the expression of its target genes, such as cyclin D1, survivin and snail but had no suppressive effect on the activation of ERK1/2 or AKT, which is involved in the survival of lung cancer. As expected, no interaction between DDIAS and STAT3 occurred in the presence of miconazole, as confirmed by immunoprecipitation assays. Mouse xenograft experiments showed that miconazole significantly suppressed both tumor size and weight in an NCI-H1703 mouse model. Tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705 and expression of its targets, such as cyclin D1, survivin and snail, were decreased in miconazole-treated tumor tissues, as compared with those in vehicle-treated tumor tissues. These data suggest that miconazole exerts an anti-cancer effect by suppressing STAT3 activation through inhibiting DDIAS/STAT3 binding.

The Effects of Preoperative Pain Education on the Decision to Discharge Patients Following Single-Incision Laparoscopic Appendectomy.

PURPOSE: Few studies have analyzed the effects of preoperative pain education on the postoperative decision to discharge. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pain education and management on the decision to discharge patients after single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA). METHODS: We analyzed 135 patients who had undergone SILA for acute appendicitis between March 2017 and April 2018 in a single medical center. Of these, 72 patients (53.3%) had received preoperative pain education (group 1), and 63 (46.7%) had not (group 2). We compared perioperative outcomes and complications between the groups. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of sex, age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologist score, and systemic inflammation factors (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein level) did not differ significantly between the groups. There were no postoperative complications for patients in either group. Perioperative consequences and pathologic findings were not significantly different between the groups; however, length of hospital was significantly shorter in group 1. CONCLUSION: Preoperative pain education in relation to postoperative pain management influenced the decision to shorten the postoperative hospital length of stay after SILA.

Micropuncture Access Set Use During Implantation of Totally Implantable Venous Access Device May Reduce Upper Extremity DVT Incidence Among Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the perioperative outcomes when using a micropuncture access set (MS) to those when using a conventional puncture set (CS) for implantation of totally implantable venous access device (TAVID). METHODS: A total of 314 patients undergoing chemotherapy for colorectal cancer were included between June 2015 and July 2018. Of these, 123 (39.2%) received TAVID implantation using MS and 191 patients (60.8%) received TAVID using CS. Perioperative outcomes and complications were compared between both groups. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics, including body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia, were not significantly different between the groups. Postoperative complications occurred in 25 patients (8.0%), and the rate and incidence of venous thrombosis were significantly higher in the CS group. There were no significant differences between the groups in other complications such as the rate of port site infection, deep vein thrombosis, obstruction, catheter dislocation, and skin complications (exposure). No incidence of catheter infection, port rotation, intraoperative bleeding, or pneumothorax was observed in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: MS is a safe and feasible procedure and results in less thrombosis. MS may play an important role in improving outcomes for the implantation of TAVID.

A Personal Sound Amplification Product Compared to a Basic Hearing Aid for Speech Intelligibility in Adults with Mild-to-Moderate Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare functional hearing with the use of a personal sound amplification product (PSAP) or a basic hearing aid (HA) among sensorineural hearing impaired listeners. Subjects and. METHODS: Nineteen participants with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (26-55 dB HL; pure-tone average, 0.5-4 kHz) were prospectively included. No participants had prior experience with HAs or PSAPs. Audiograms, speech intelligibility in both quiet and noisy environments, speech quality, and preference were assessed in three different listening conditions: unaided, with the HA, and with the PSAP. RESULTS: The use of PSAP was associated with significant improvement in pure-tone thresholds at 1, 2, and 4 kHz compared to the unaided condition (all p <0.01). In the quiet environment, speech intelligibility was significantly improved after wearing a PSAP compared to the unaided condition (p <0.001), and this improvement was better than the result obtained with the HA. The PSAP also demonstrated similar improvement in the most comfortable levels compared to those obtained with the HA (p <0.05). However, there was no significant improvement of speech intelligibility in a noisy environment when wearing the PSAP (p =0.160). There was no significant difference in the reported speech quality produced by either device or in participant preference for the PSAP or HA. CONCLUSIONS: The current result suggests that PSAPs provide considerable benefits to speech intelligibility in a quiet environment and can be a good alternative to compensate for mild-to-moderate SNHL.

Standard Audiograms for Koreans Derived through Hierarchical Clustering Using Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2012.

Assessments of standardized region/population-specific audiological characteristics are needed for provision of effective rehabilitative services through reducing costs associated with hearing aids. This study aims to propose a set of standard audiograms representing the Korean population that were derived by analyzing data from the 2009-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), a nationwide epidemiologic study conducted by Korean government organizations. Standard audiograms were derived by applying a hierarchical clustering method from recorded audiologic data that were obtained independently at 6 frequencies for each ear: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 6.0 kHz (in dB HL). To derive the optimal number of clusters of the desired standard audiograms, cubic clustering criterion, pseudo-F-, and pseudo-t2-statistics were calculated. These analyses resulted in 29 clusters representing a standard audiogram of the South Korean population. Eighteen of the clusters represented normal hearing audiograms (73.11%), while 11 represented hearing-impaired (HI) standard audiograms (27.89%). Of the 11 HI audiograms, 7 were defined as flat-type (17.81%), while the remaining 4 were defined as sloping-type (9.08%). In conclusion, 29 audiograms representing standard audiograms for the Korean population have been derived using KNHANES data. Improved understanding of the characteristics of each cluster may be helpful for development of more personalized, fixed-setting hearing aids.

Morphological correlation between caloric tests and vestibular hydrops in Ménière's disease using intravenous Gd enhanced inner ear MRI.

The purpose of this study was to prove the hypothesis that caloric response in Ménière's disease (MD) is reduced by hydropic expansion of the vestibular labyrinth, not by vestibular hypofunction, by evaluating the correlation morphologically using an intravenous Gadolinium (IV-Gd) inner ear MRI. In study I, the prevalence of abnormal video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) results among the patients with definite unilateral MD (n = 24) and vestibular neuritis (VN) (n = 22) were investigated. All patients showed abnormal canal paresis (CP) (> 26%) on caloric tests. The prevalence of abnormal vHIT in patients with abnormal CP was significantly lower in MD patients (12.5%) than that in VN patients (81.8%) (p < 0.001). In study II, morphological correlation between caloric tests and vestibular hydrops level was evaluated in unilateral MD patients (n = 16) who had normal vHIT results. Eleven patients (61%) had abnormal CP. After taking the images of IV-Gd inner ear MRI, the vestibular hydrops ratio (endolymph volume/total lymph volume = %VH) was measured. In addition, the relative vestibular hydrops ratio (%RVH = (%VHaffected ear-%VHunaffected ear) / (%VHaffected ear + %VHunaffected ear)) was calculated. Each ratio (%VH and %RVH) was compared with average peak slow phase velocity (PSPV) and CP, respectively. In the MD patients, %VH of the affected ear correlated significantly with mean PSPV on the same side (rs = -0.569, p = 0.024), while %RVH correlated significantly with CP (rs = 0.602, p = 0.014). In most MD patients (87.5%) compared to VN patients, vHIT results were normal even though the caloric function was reduced. In addition, the reduced caloric function with normal vHIT was related to the severity of the vestibular hydrops measured by the IV-Gd inner ear MRI. These findings concluded that the abnormal caloric tests with normal vHIT in MD indicated severe endolymphatic hydrops rather than vestibular hypofunction.

A Trainable Hearing Aid Algorithm Reflecting Individual Preferences for Degree of Noise-Suppression, Input Sound Level, and Listening Situation.

OBJECTIVES: In an effort to improve hearing aid users' satisfaction, recent studies on trainable hearing aids have attempted to implement one or two environmental factors into training. However, it would be more beneficial to train the device based on the owner's personal preferences in a more expanded environmental acoustic conditions. Our study aimed at developing a trainable hearing aid algorithm that can reflect the user's individual preferences in a more extensive environmental acoustic conditions (ambient sound level, listening situation, and degree of noise suppression) and evaluated the perceptual benefit of the proposed algorithm. METHODS: Ten normal hearing subjects participated in this study. Each subjects trained the algorithm to their personal preference and the trained data was used to record test sounds in three different settings to be utilized to evaluate the perceptual benefit of the proposed algorithm by performing the Comparison Mean Opinion Score test. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that of the 10 subjects, four showed significant differences in amplification constant settings between the noise-only and speech-in-noise situation (P<0.05) and one subject also showed significant difference between the speech-only and speech-in-noise situation (P<0.05). Additionally, every subject preferred different ß settings for beamforming in all different input sound levels. CONCLUSION: The positive findings from this study suggested that the proposed algorithm has potential to improve hearing aid users' personal satisfaction under various ambient situations.

Data on the transcriptional regulation of DNA damage induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS) by ERK5/MEF2B pathway in lung cancer cells.

The data included in this article are associated with the article entitled "DNA-damage-induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS) is upregulated via ERK5/MEF2B signaling and promotes ß-catenin-mediated invasion" (J.Y. Im, S.H. Yoon, B.K. Kim, H.S. Ban, K.J. Won, K.S. Chung, K.E. Jung, M. Won) [1]. Quantitative RT-PCR data revealed that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) suppresses DDIAS transcription in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) in Hela cells. p300 did not interact with myocyte enhancer factor 2B (MEF2B), a downstream target of ERK5 and affect transcription of DDIAS. Moreover, DDIAS transcription is activated by ERK5/MEF2B signaling on EGF exposure in the non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) NCI-H1703 and NCI-H1299. DDIAS knockdown suppresses lung cancer cell invasion by decreasing ß-catenin protein level on EGF exposure.