New-QiangGuYin-Containing Serum Inhibits Osteoclast-Derived Exosome Secretion and Down-Regulates Notum to Promote Osteoblast Differentiation.

New-QiangGuYin (N-QGY), the addition of sea buckthorn on the basis of QGY formula, is herbal formula widely used clinically in China for the treatment of osteoporosis (OP), but its mechanism warrants further exploration. The mechanisms of QGY and N-QGY in the treatment of OP are probed from the perspective of osteoclast-osteoblast balance. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats are randomly divided into N-QGY group, QGY group, and Control group. Beyond control rats that orally took normal saline, other rats are orally administered with isometric N-QGY or QGY twice every day for 3 days. The drug-containing serum and control serum are prepared and their effects on osteoclast-derived exosome secretion are determined by bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA), nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot. GW4869 and Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) are adopted as the exosome inhibitor and inducer, respectively. Exosome uptake, cell counting kit-8, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot are performed to examine the effects of altered osteoclast exosome content on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). N-QGY, QGY, and GW4869 inhibit osteoclast-derived exosome secretion and exosome uptake by MSCs, whereas IL-1ß exerted the opposite effects (p < 0.05). Different from IL-1ß, N-QGY, QGY, and GW4869 partially elevated MSC viability, osteocalcin secretion, ALP, RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2) and Osteopontin (OPN) expressions, and calcium deposition in the osteoclast-MSCs coculture system (p < 0.05). Mechanically, osteoclasts increased Notum protein level but decreased ß-catenin level, which is enhanced by IL-1ß but is reversed by GW4869, QGY, and N-QGY (p < 0.05). And the effect of N-QGY is more conspicuous than that of QGY (P<0.05). N-QGY-containing serum inhibits exosome levels in osteoclasts, thereby enhancing osteogenic differentiation of MSCs via inhibition of Notum protein and promotion of ß-catenin protein.

Baicalein loaded liposome with hyaluronic acid and Polyhexamethylene guanidine modification for anti methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Targeting delivery to the infection site and good affinity of vehicle to the bacterial are two main concerns in therapy of bacterial infection, and on-demand release of drug is another important issue. In this work, a liposome drug delivery system (HA/P/BAI-lip) incorporated with baicalein and modified by PHMG and HA was prepared. Several characterizations were conducted to examine the physical properties of liposome. Then it was applied to treatments of MRSA induced dorsal subcutaneous abscess model and the thigh muscle infected model. The presence of guanidine group in HA/P/BAI-lip rendered the liposome satisfactory bacterial target ability and good pH sensitive properties. The lipase secreted by bacterial could promote the hydrolysis of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) in liposome. The modification of HA in HA/P/BAI-lip could lead the drug system to the exact infected site where CD44 was abundant because of inflammation. The low pH microenvironment characteristic of bacterial infection could induce the swelling of liposome following by degradation. Taken together, baicalein could be released selectively at the infected site to exert antibacterial capacity. HA/P/BAI-lip showed impressive antibacterial ability and dramatically decrease the bacterial burden of infection site and alleviate the infiltration of inflammatory cells, facilitating the recovery of infection.

A literature review on signaling pathways of cervical cancer cell death-apoptosis induced by Traditional Chinese Medicine.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cervical cancer (CC) is a potentially lethal disorder that can have serious consequences for a woman's health. Because early symptoms are typically only present in the middle to late stages of the disease, clinical diagnosis and treatment can be challenging. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to have unique benefits in terms of alleviating cancer clinical symptoms, lowering the risk of recurrence after surgery, and reducing toxic side effects and medication resistance after radiation therapy. It has also been shown to improve the quality of life for patients. Because of its improved anti-tumor effectiveness and biosafety, it could be considered an alternative therapy option. This study examines how TCM causes apoptosis in CC cells via signal transduction, including the active components and medicinal tonics. It also intends to provide a reliable clinical basis and protocol selection for the TCM therapy of CC. METHODS: The following search terms were employed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, and other scientific databases to retrieve pertinent literature on "cervical cancer," "apoptosis," "signaling pathway," "traditional Chinese medicine," "herbal monomers," "herbal components," "herbal extracts," and "herbal formulas." RESULTS: It has been demonstrated that herbal medicines can induce apoptosis in cells of the cervix, a type of cancer, by influencing the signaling pathways involved. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive literature search was conducted, and 148 papers from the period between January 2017 and December 2023 were identified as eligible for inclusion. After a meticulous process of screening, elimination and summary, generalization, and analysis, it was found that TCM can regulate multiple intracellular signaling pathways and related molecular targets, such as STAT3, PI3K/AKT, Wnt/ß-catenin, MAPK, NF-κB, p53, HIF-1α, Fas/FasL and so forth. This regulatory capacity was observed to induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. The study of the mechanism of TCM against cervical cancer and the screening of new drug targets is of great significance for future research in this field. The results of this study will provide ideas and references for the future development of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.

Structural basis for recruitment of peptidoglycan endopeptidase MepS by lipoprotein NlpI.

Peptidoglycan (PG) sacculi surround the cytoplasmic membrane, maintaining cell integrity by withstanding internal turgor pressure. During cell growth, PG endopeptidases cleave the crosslinks of the fully closed sacculi, allowing for the incorporation of new glycan strands and expansion of the peptidoglycan mesh. Outer-membrane-anchored NlpI associates with hydrolases and synthases near PG synthesis complexes, facilitating spatially close PG hydrolysis. Here, we present the structure of adaptor NlpI in complex with the endopeptidase MepS, revealing atomic details of how NlpI recruits multiple MepS molecules and subsequently influences PG expansion. NlpI binding elicits a disorder-to-order transition in the intrinsically disordered N-terminal of MepS, concomitantly promoting the dimerization of monomeric MepS. This results in the alignment of two asymmetric MepS dimers respectively located on the two opposite sides of the dimerization interface of NlpI, thus enhancing MepS activity in PG hydrolysis. Notably, the protein level of MepS is primarily modulated by the tail-specific protease Prc, which is known to interact with NlpI. The structure of the Prc-NlpI-MepS complex demonstrates that NlpI brings together MepS and Prc, leading to the efficient MepS degradation by Prc. Collectively, our results provide structural insights into the NlpI-enabled avidity effect of cellular endopeptidases and NlpI-directed MepS degradation by Prc.

Innate Orientating Behavior of a Multi-Legged Robot Driven by the Neural Circuits of C. elegans.

The objective of this research is to achieve biologically autonomous control by utilizing a whole-brain network model, drawing inspiration from biological neural networks to enhance the development of bionic intelligence. Here, we constructed a whole-brain neural network model of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), which characterizes the electrochemical processes at the level of the cellular synapses. The neural network simulation integrates computational programming and the visualization of the neurons and synapse connections of C. elegans, containing the specific controllable circuits and their dynamic characteristics. To illustrate the biological neural network (BNN)'s particular intelligent control capability, we introduced an innovative methodology for applying the BNN model to a 12-legged robot's movement control. Two methods were designed, one involving orientation control and the other involving locomotion generation, to demonstrate the intelligent control performance of the BNN. Both the simulation and experimental results indicate that the robot exhibits more autonomy and a more intelligent movement performance under BNN control. The systematic approach of employing the whole-brain BNN for robot control provides biomimetic research with a framework that has been substantiated by innovative methodologies and validated through the observed positive outcomes. This method is established as follows: (1) two integrated dynamic models of the C. elegans' whole-brain network and the robot moving dynamics are built, and all of the controllable circuits are discovered and verified; (2) real-time communication is achieved between the BNN model and the robot's dynamical model, both in the simulation and the experiments, including applicable encoding and decoding algorithms, facilitating their collaborative operation; (3) the designed mechanisms using the BNN model to control the robot are shown to be effective through numerical and experimental tests, focusing on 'foraging' behavior control and locomotion control.

Elucidating the molecular landscape of tendinitis: the role of inflammasome-related genes and immune interactions.

Tendinitis, characterized by the inflammation of tendons, poses significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment due to its multifaceted etiology and complex pathophysiology. This study aimed to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying tendinitis, with a particular focus on inflammasome-related genes and their interactions with the immune system. Through comprehensive gene expression analysis and bioinformatics approaches, we identified distinct expression profiles of inflammasome genes, such as NLRP6, NLRP1, and MEFV, which showed significant correlations with immune checkpoint molecules, indicating a pivotal role in the inflammatory cascade of tendinitis. Additionally, MYD88 and CD36 were found to be closely associated with HLA family molecules, underscoring their involvement in immune response modulation. Contrary to expectations, chemokines exhibited minimal correlation with inflammasome genes, suggesting an unconventional inflammatory pathway in tendinitis. Transcription factors like SP110 and CREB5 emerged as key regulators of inflammasome genes, providing insight into the transcriptional control mechanisms in tendinitis. Furthermore, potential therapeutic targets were identified through the DGidb database, highlighting drugs that could modulate the activity of inflammasome genes, offering new avenues for targeted tendinitis therapy. Our findings elucidate the complex molecular landscape of tendinitis, emphasizing the significant role of inflammasomes and immune interactions, and pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Research on the visual location method for strawberry picking points under complex conditions based on composite models.

BACKGROUND: Strawberry, being an important economic crop, requires a large amount of human labor for harvesting operations. Efficient and non-destructive harvesting by strawberry harvesting robots requires the precise location of the picking points. Current algorithms for locating picking points encounter significant issues with location errors and minimal effective information in complex situations. RESULTS: To improve the accuracy of the location of picking points, this study proposes a visual location method based on composite models. This method employs object detection and instance segmentation models to detect fruits and segment peduncles sequentially, thereby enabling the identification of picking points and inclination on the peduncle. Different object detection algorithms and instance segmentation models were validated to explore the optimal model combination, and the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) was integrated into YOLOv8s-seg to construct YOLOv8s-seg-CBAM. Test results show that the composite model built with YOLOv8s and YOLOv8s-seg-CBAM achieved a peduncle detection accuracy of 86.2%, with an inference time of 30.6 ms per image. CONCLUSION: The picking point visual location method based on YOLOv8s and YOLOv8s-seg-CBAM composite models can better balance accuracy and efficiency and can provide more accurate guidance for automated harvesting. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Multiagent Continual Coordination via Progressive Task Contextualization.

Cooperative multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) has attracted significant attention and has the potential for many real-world applications. Previous arts mainly focus on facilitating the coordination ability from different aspects (e.g., nonstationarity and credit assignment) in single-task or multitask scenarios, ignoring the stream of tasks that appear in a continual manner. This ignorance makes the continual coordination an unexplored territory, neither in problem formulation nor efficient algorithms designed. Toward tackling the mentioned issue, this article proposes an approach, multiagent continual coordination via progressive task contextualization (MACPro). The key point lies in obtaining a factorized policy, using shared feature extraction layers but separated independent task heads, each specializing in a specific class of tasks. The task heads can be progressively expanded based on the learned task contextualization. Moreover, to cater to the popular centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) paradigm in MARL, each agent learns to predict and adopt the most relevant policy head based on local information in a decentralized manner. We show in multiple multiagent benchmarks that existing continual learning methods fail, while MACPro is able to achieve close-to-optimal performance. More results also disclose the effectiveness of MACPro from multiple aspects, such as high generalization ability.

Fourier-Based Frequency Space Disentanglement and Augmentation for Generalizable Face Anti-Spoofing.

Generalizing face anti-spoofing (FAS) models to unseen distributions is challenging due to domain shifts. Previous domain generalization (DG) based FAS methods focus on learning invariant features across domains in the spatial space, which may be ineffective in detecting subtle spoof patterns. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called Frequency Space Disentanglement and Augmentation (FSDA) for generalizable FAS. Specifically, we leverage Fourier transformation to analyze face images in the frequency space, where the amplitude spectrum captures low-level texture information that forms distinct visual appearances, and the phase spectrum corresponds to the content information. We hypothesize that the liveness of a face is more related to these low-level patterns rather than high-level content information. To locate spoof traces, we disentangle the amplitude spectrum into domain-related and spoof-related components using either empirical or learnable strategies. We then propose a frequency space augmentation technique that mixes the disentangled components of two images to synthesize new variations. By imposing a distillation loss and a consistency loss on the augmented samples, our model learns to capture spoof patterns that are robust to both domain and spoof type variations. Extensive experiments on four FAS datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method in improving the generalization ability of FAS models in various unseen scenarios.

Studies on the Increasing Saltiness and Antioxidant Effects of Peanut Protein Maillard Reaction Products.

The salt taste-enhancing and antioxidant effect of the Maillard reaction on peanut protein hydrolysates (PPH) was explored. The multi-spectroscopic and sensory analysis results showed that the Maillard reaction products (MRPs) of hexose (glucose and galactose) had slower reaction rates than those of pentose (xylose and arabinose), but stronger umami and increasing saltiness effects. The Maillard reaction can improve the flavor of PPH, and the galactose-Maillard reaction product (Ga-MRP) has the best umami and salinity-enhancing effects. The measured molecular weight of Ga-MRP were all below 3000 Da, among which the molecular weights between 500-3000 Da accounted for 46.7%. The products produced during the Maillard reaction process resulted in a decrease in brightness and an increase in red value of Ga-MRP. The amino acid analysis results revealed that compared with PPH, the content of salty and umami amino acids in Ga-MRPs decreased, but their proportion in total free amino acids increased, and the content of bitter amino acids decreased. In addition, the Maillard reaction enhances the reducing ability, DPPH radical scavenging ability, and Fe2+ chelating ability of PPH. Therefore, the Maillard reaction product of peanut protein can be expected to be used as a substitute for salt seasoning, with excellent antioxidant properties.

Intraoperative urinary tract resection and construction in CRS + HIPEC procedures: a single center retrospective analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The safety and efficacy of CRS + HIPEC combined with urinary tract resection and reconstruction are controversial. This study aims to summarize the clinicopathological features and to evaluate the safety and survival prognosis of CRS + HIPEC combined with urinary tract resection and reconstruction. METHODS: The patients who underwent urinary tract resection and reconstruction as part of CRS surgery were retrospectively selected from our disease-specific database for analysis. The clinicopathological characteristics, treatment-related variables, perioperative adverse events (AEs), and survival outcomes were studied using a descriptive approach and the K-M analysis with log-rank comparison. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients were enrolled. Perioperative serious AEs (SAEs) were observed in 11 patients (22.4%), with urinary SAEs occurring in 3 patients (6.1%). Additionally, there were 23 cases (46.8%) involving urinary adverse events (UAEs). The median overall survival (OS) in the entire cohort was 59.2 (95%CI: 42.1-76.4) months. The median OS of the UAE group and No-UAE group were 59.2 months (95%CI not reached), and 50.5 (95%CI: 11.5 to 89.6) months, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.475). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in OS based on the grade of UAEs or the number of UAEs (P = 0.562 and P = 0.622, respectively). CONCLUSION: The combination of CRS + HIPEC with urinary tract resection and reconstruction is associated with a high incidence of Grade I-II UAEs, which do not have an impact on OS. The safety profile of this combined technique is acceptable. However, this is a retrospective single-center single-arm analysis, with limitations of generalizability and potential selection bias. The findings need high-level validation.

Hypertension and cardiac damage in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma patients: a large-scale single-center cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension (HT) is one of the most common manifestations in patients with catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumors. Although the cardiovascular manifestations of these tumors have been described, there have been no large-scale investigations of the profile of HT and changes in cardiac structure and function that occur in patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we investigated the prevalence of HT and left ventricular remodeling (LVR) in a cohort of 598 patients who underwent surgery for PPGL at our center between January 2001 and April 2022. Information on demographics, reason for hospitalization, medical history, biochemical parameters, findings on echocardiography, and tumor characteristics were recorded. The LVR index was compared according to whether or not there was a history of HT. RESULTS: The average age was 47.07 ± 15.07 years, and 277 (46.32%) of the patients were male. A history of HT was found in 423 (70.74%) of the 598 patients. Paraganglioma was significantly more common in the group with HT (26.00% vs. 17.71%, P = 0.030) and significantly less likely to be found incidentally during a health check-up in this group (22.93% vs. 59.43%, P < 0.001). Among 365 patients with complete echocardiography data, left ventricular mass index (86.58 ± 26.70 vs. 75.80 ± 17.26, P < 0.001) and relative wall thickness (0.43 ± 0. 08 vs. 0.41 ± 0.06, P = 0.012) were significantly higher in patients with PPGL and a history of HT. The proportions with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (19.40% vs. 8.25%, P = 0.011) and LVR (53.73% vs. 39.18%, P = 0.014) were also higher when there was a history of HT. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking status, diabetes, stroke, creatinine level, tumor location, and tumor size, a history of HT was significantly correlated with LVH (odds ratio 2.71, 95% confidence interval 1.18-6.19; P = 0.018) and LVR (odds ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.11-3.03; P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: HT is common in patients with PPGL (70.74% in this cohort). PPGL without a history of HT is more likely to be found incidentally (59.43% in our cohort). HT is associated with LVR in PPGL patients with complete echocardiography data. These patients should be observed carefully for cardiac damage, especially those with a history of HT.

Cascade branch migration-triggered strand displacement amplification for specific and sensitive detection of microRNA.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been involved in many biological processes and are regarded as promising biomarkers. The short sequence, low abundance and highly homologous interference sequences greatly hinder the accurate detection of miRNAs. Here, a cascade branch migration-triggered strand displacement amplification (CBM-TSDA) strategy was developed for the first time for specific and sensitive detection of miRNA-155 (miR-155). In the presence of target miR-155, the CBM was initiated and two Y-shaped probes were eventually produced. Next, the Y-shaped probes were transformed into three-way junction (3WJ) structures and triggered the SDA to produce a large number of G-quadruplex (G4) structures. Finally, the increased fluorescence signal of G4/Thioflavin T (ThT) was used to quantify miR-155. Meanwhile, the colorimetric responses of the G4-hemin DNAzyme could be used as supplementary detection to obtain a dual-mode signal readout. This detection strategy showed high detection sensitivity, and the limit of detection was 0.28 pM in the fluorescence detection mode and 0.34 pM in the colorimetric detection mode. Notably, it showed high detection specificity, being able to discriminate the single-base mutations of the target with a high discrimination factor. The strategy also possessed excellent capacity for miR-155 detection in cell lysates and real human blood samples. The developed strategy provides a promising detection platform for miRNA, which may be applied to early clinical diagnosis.

Unambiguous Fluctuation Decomposition of the Self-Energy: Pseudogap Physics beyond Spin Fluctuations.

Correlated electron systems may give rise to multiple effective interactions whose combined impact on quasiparticle properties can be difficult to disentangle. We introduce an unambiguous decomposition of the electronic self-energy which allows us to quantify the contributions of various effective interactions simultaneously. We use this tool to revisit the hole-doped Hubbard model within the dynamical cluster approximation, where commonly spin fluctuations are considered to be the origin of the pseudogap. While our fluctuation decomposition confirms that spin fluctuations indeed suppress antinodal electronic spectral weight, we show that they alone cannot capture the pseudogap self-energy quantitatively. Nonlocal multiboson Feynman diagrams yield substantial contributions and are needed for a quantitative description of the pseudogap.

Demonstration on the performance enhancement of the 1.645 µm coherent Doppler lidar for long-range wind measurements with modification of laser transmitter and optical antenna.

We have developed and experimentally investigated a long-range 1.645 µm coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) system. A compact 1.645 µm single-frequency Er:YAG laser is utilized as the laser transmitter. The impact of laser transmitter parameters on wind detection was assessed using the figure of merit (FOM) concept. To enhance the measurement efficiency, the influence of wave aberrations on the heterodyne efficiency was analyzed. A Galilean telescope with an optical aperture of 100 mm is designed as the optical antenna based on the analysis. The line of sight (LOS) detection range exceeds 30.42 km with a data rate of 1 Hz at an elevation angle of 3.5°. To evaluate the effectiveness of the CDWL, comparison experiments were conducted between the 1.645 µm CDWL and a calibrated 1.55 µm CDWL, revealing a correlation coefficient of 0.9816 for the whole detection path in the wind velocity measurement.

A ginsenoside G-Rg3 PEGylated Long-Circulating liposome for hyperglycemia and insulin resistance therapy in Streptozotocin-Induced type 2 diabetes mice.

Ginsenoside (GS), one of the main active components in ginseng, can enhance insulin sensitivity, improve the function of islet ß cells, and reduce cell apoptosis in the treatment of diabetes. However, the drawbacks of high lipid solubility, poor water solubility, and low oral availability in Ginsenoside Rg3 (G-Rg3) seriously limit further application of GS. In this work, a G-Rg3 PEGylated long-circulating liposome (PEG-L-Rg3) is designed and developed to improve symptoms in type 2 diabetic mice. The as-prepared PEG-L-Rg3 with a spherical structure shows a particle size of ∼ 140.5 ±â€¯1.4 nm, the zeta potential of -0.10 ±â€¯0.05 mV, and a high encapsulation rate of 99.8 %. Notably, in vivo experimental results demonstrate that PEG-L-Rg3 exhibits efficient ability to improve body weight and food intake in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Moreover, PEG-L-Rg3 also enhances fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI). In addition, the glucose tolerance of mice is significantly improved after the treatment of PEG-L-Rg3, indicating that PEG-L-Rg3 can be a potential drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, which provides a new way for the treatment of type 2 diabetes using ginsenosides.

A new artificial intelligence system for both stomach and small bowel capsule endoscopy.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite the benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) in small bowel (SB) capsule endoscopy (CE) image reading, information on its application in the stomach and SB CE is lacking. METHODS: In this multicenter, retrospective diagnostic study, gastric imaging data were added to the deep learning (DL)-based SmartScan (SS), which has been described previously. A total of 1,069 magnetically controlled gastrointestinal (GI) CE examinations (comprising 2,672,542 gastric images) were used in the training phase for recognizing gastric pathologies, producing a new AI algorithm named SS Plus. 342 fully automated, magnetically controlled CE (FAMCE) examinations were included in the validation phase. The performance of both senior and junior endoscopists with both the SS Plus-Assisted Reading (SSP-AR) and conventional reading (CR) modes was assessed. RESULTS: SS Plus was designed to recognize 5 types of gastric lesions and 17 types of SB lesions. SS Plus reduced the number of CE images required for review to 873.90 (1000) (median, IQR 814.50-1,000) versus 44,322.73 (42,393) (median, IQR 31,722.75-54,971.25) for CR. Furthermore, with SSP-AR, endoscopists took 9.54 min (8.51) (median, IQR 6.05-13.13) to complete the CE video reading. In the 342 CE videos, SS Plus identified 411 gastric and 422 SB lesions, whereas 400 gastric and 368 intestinal lesions were detected with CR. Moreover, junior endoscopists remarkably improved their CE image reading ability with SSP-AR. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that the newly upgraded DL-based algorithm SS Plus can detect GI lesions and help improve the diagnostic performance of junior endoscopists in interpreting CE videos.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles in wound care: a review of mechanisms and therapeutic applications.

Skin wound healing is a complex and tightly regulated process. The frequent occurrence and reoccurrence of acute and chronic wounds cause significant skin damage to patients and impose socioeconomic burdens. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement to promote interdisciplinary development in the fields of material science and medicine to investigate novel mechanisms for wound healing. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are a type of nanomaterials that possess distinct properties and have broad application prospects. They are recognized for their capabilities in enhancing wound closure, minimizing scarring, mitigating inflammation, and exerting antibacterial effects, which has led to their prominence in wound care research. In this paper, the distinctive physicochemical properties of CeO2 NPs and their most recent synthesis approaches are discussed. It further investigates the therapeutic mechanisms of CeO2 NPs in the process of wound healing. Following that, this review critically examines previous studies focusing on the effects of CeO2 NPs on wound healing. Finally, it suggests the potential application of cerium oxide as an innovative nanomaterial in diverse fields and discusses its prospects for future advancements.

[Afatinib Treatment for Advanced Mixed Non-small Cell Lung Cancer 
with CRISPLD2-NRG1 Fusion: A Case Report and Literature Review].

Lung cancer is the most common malignant disease and the leading cause of cancer death in China. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for over 80% of all lung cancers, and the probability of NSCLC gene mutations is high, with a wide variety of types. With the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) detection technology, more and more patients with rare fusion gene mutations are detected. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) gene is a rare oncogenic driver that can lead to activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (Her3/ErbB3) mediated pathway, resulting in tumor formation. In this article, we reported a case of mixed NSCLC with CRISPLD2-NRG1 fusion detected by RNA-based NGS, who responsed to Afatinib well after 1 month of treatment, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed shrinkage of intracranial lesions. Meanwhile, we also compiled previously reported NSCLC patients with NRG1 rare gene fusion mutation, in order to provide effective references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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