ABSTRACT
OBJECTS: MicroRNAs have been found in the developing central nervous system, but little is known about their functions in development, especially in the abnormal development of spinal cord in spina bifida. To this end, we have studied the mechanism of microRNAs involved in the morphogenesis of the spinal cord in all-trans-retinoic acid (RA)-treated spina bifida rat fetus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Timed-pregnant rats were gavage-fed RA, and embryos were obtained on 13.5, 15.5, 17.5, and 19.5 days. MicroRNAs' expression profile was analyzed by Northern blot. In situ apoptosis detection and microRNA in situ hybridization methods on sections of paraffin-embedded tissues were employed to explore the mechanism. CONCLUSION: Administration of RA reduced the size of the spinal cord, probably as a consequence of increased cell death. There is a dramatic decrease in the expression of miR-9/9*, miR-124a and miR-125b, and Bcl2 and P53 as well in the sacral cord from E13.5 to E19.5 days post coitum. Our data showed that expression of these microRNAs was dysregulated in RA-treated spinal cord during embryonic development, suggesting that they may be involved in the development of the spinal cord.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Down-Regulation/drug effects , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Spinal Cord , Spinal Dysraphism , Tretinoin/adverse effects , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Embryo, Mammalian , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects , Male , MicroRNAs/classification , Pregnancy , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spinal Cord/abnormalities , Spinal Cord/drug effects , Spinal Cord/embryology , Spinal Dysraphism/chemically induced , Spinal Dysraphism/pathology , Spinal Dysraphism/physiopathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of music on propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) in patients during gynecological surgery under intravertebral anesthesia. METHODS: One hundred and ten patients scheduled for gynecological surgery under intravertebral anesthesia were randomly assigned to two groups. The music group patients were asked to determine music and its sound volume preoperatively, which were played from 6 min before the surgery to the end. A loading dose of 1 microg/kg fentanyl and 0.5 mg/kg propofol was administered intravenously to all the patients 5 min prior to operation. At the beginning of surgery, the TCI of propofol was initiated at propofol target controlled concentration of 2 microg/ml, which was modulated at a grade of 0.2 microg/ml every 10 min to maintain an observer's assessment of alertness/sedation (OAA/S) score of 3 intraoperatively. Induction time of sedation, intraoperative amount of propofol and patient's satisfaction of sedation were assessed. RESULTS: (1) The music group patients had a significant shorter induction time of sedation (12 min +/- 12 min) than the controls (18 min +/- 12 min) (P < 0.01). (2) The music group patients had a significant less propofol target-controlled concentration (1.6 microg/ml +/- 0.3 microg/ml) and delivers (171 mg +/- 98 mg) than the controls (2.4 microg/ml +/- 0.4 microg/ml and 251 mg +/- 92 mg) (both P < 0.01). (3) The music group patients had a significant higher satisfaction (9.7 +/- 0.6) than the controls (8.1 +/- 1.0) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Music has perfect sedative effects in patients undergoing gynecological surgery under intravertebral anesthesia.