Greenhouse gases emissions and global climate change: Examining the influence of CO2, CH4, and N2O.

An in-depth analysis of the role of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in climate change is examined here along with their diverse sources, including the combustion of fossil fuels, agriculture, and industrial processes. Key GHG components such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are considered, along with data on emissions across various economic sectors. The consequences of climate change are also highlighted, ranging from more frequent and intense extreme weather events to rising sea levels and impacts on ecosystems and human health. The industrial revolution and unrestricted use of fossil fuels are key factors leading to an increase in GHG concentrations in the atmosphere. Global efforts to reduce emissions are considered, starting with the 1997 Kyoto Protocol and culminating in the 2015 Paris Agreement. The limited effectiveness of early initiatives is underscored, emphasizing the significant importance of the Paris Agreement that provides a global framework for establishing goals to reduce GHG emissions by country. The Green Climate Fund and other international financial mechanisms are also considered as essential tools for financing sustainable projects in developing countries. The global community faces the challenge and necessity for more ambitious efforts to achieve the set goals for reducing GHG emissions. Successful strategies are examined by Sweden, Costa Rica, and Denmark to achieve zero GHG emissions that integrate renewable energy sources and technologies. The importance of global cooperation for creating a sustainable future is also emphasized.

Dampening of ISGylation of RIG-I by ADAP regulates type I interferon response of macrophages to RNA virus infection.

While macrophage is one of the major type I interferon (IFN-I) producers in multiple tissues during viral infections, it also serves as an important target cell for many RNA viruses. However, the regulatory mechanism for the IFN-I response of macrophages to respond to a viral challenge is not fully understood. Here we report ADAP, an immune adaptor protein, is indispensable for the induction of the IFN-I response of macrophages to RNA virus infections via an inhibition of the conjugation of ubiquitin-like ISG15 (ISGylation) to RIG-I. Loss of ADAP increases RNA virus replication in macrophages, accompanied with a decrease in LPS-induced IFN-ß and ISG15 mRNA expression and an impairment in the RNA virus-induced phosphorylation of IRF3 and TBK1. Moreover, using Adap-/- mice, we show ADAP deficiency strongly increases the susceptibility of macrophages to RNA-virus infection in vivo. Mechanically, ADAP selectively interacts and functionally cooperates with RIG-I but not MDA5 in the activation of IFN-ß transcription. Loss of ADAP results in an enhancement of ISGylation of RIG-I, whereas overexpression of ADAP exhibits the opposite effect in vitro, indicating ADAP is detrimental to the RNA virus-induced ISGylation of RIG-I. Together, our data demonstrate a novel antagonistic activity of ADAP in the cell-intrinsic control of RIG-I ISGylation, which is indispensable for initiating and sustaining the IFN-I response of macrophages to RNA virus infections and replication.

Relationship between affiliate stigma and family quality of life among parents of children with autism spectrum disorders: The mediating role of parenting self-efficacy.

BACKGROUND: The parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are under great pressure and experience discrimination in their daily lives, which affects their family quality of life (FQOL). OBJECTIVE: METHODS: A total of 237 parents of children with ASD were recruited in a university-affiliated hospital in Guangzhou, China, from October 2020 to April 2021 by convenience sampling. The Affiliate Stigma Scale, Parenting Sense of Competence Scale and Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale were employed for data collection. RESULTS: The results showed that affiliate stigma negatively predicts total FQOL and the dimensions of FQOL through both a direct effect and an indirect effect through parenting self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that affiliate stigma is an important predictor of FQOL, and interventions to reduce affiliate stigma and strengthen parenting self-efficacy might be effective in improving FQOL in the parents of children with ASD.

Sensitive electrochemical biosensor for rapid detection of sEV-miRNA based turbo-like localized catalytic hairpin assembly.

Small extracellular vesicle-associated microRNAs (sEV-miRNAs) have emerged as critical biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, yet the rapid detection of these low-abundance molecules in clinical samples remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a simple turbo-like localized catalytic hairpin assembly (TL-CHA) was proposed for sEV-miR-1246 measurement. This electrochemical sensor achieves dual localization through the ingeniously use of AuNPs and DNA nanowires, which provides rich sites for CHA cascade amplification, significantly enhancing the effective reaction and amplify the detection response. Leveraging this innovative design, this biosensor demonstrated the ability to detect sEV-miRNA at concentrations as low as 5.24 aM in a time frame of 30 min. The precision of the measurements was validated through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the sensor was used for analyzing plasma samples from gastric cancer patients yielded AUC values of 0.973 for all stages and 0.945 for early stages. This demonstrates the sensor's robust performance in both the staging diagnosis and early screening of gastric cancer. Therefore, this platform has great potential for the clinical cancer diagnosis.

The effect of telephone and short-message follow-ups on compliance and efficacy in asthmatic children treated with inhaled corticosteroid: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the effect of telephone and short-message follow-ups on compliance and efficacy in asthmatic children treated with inhaled corticosteroids. METHODS: A total of 120 children with moderate bronchial asthma who visited the Asthma Outpatient Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were enrolled in the study. They were divided randomly into 3 groups based on the type of follow-up given: a combined telephone and short-message service (Tel + SMS) group, a SMS group, and a control group. After being followed up for 12 weeks, each child's asthma control level was assessed and their lung function was measured. RESULTS: The compliance rates of children in the Tel + SMS group and SMS group were 86.49% and 56.25%, respectively. The total effective rates of these 2 groups (94.59% and 75.0%, respectively) were significantly higher than the rate of the control group (P < .01). The lung function indicators of the children in all 3 groups were better than those before treatment, although only the Tel + SMS group and SMS group improved significantly (P < .05). The lung function indicators of the large and small airways in the Tel + SMS group and the SMS group were also significantly better than those of the control group (P < .01). The results of the study suggest that 1 of the causes of poor compliance in asthmatic children is fear of an adverse reaction to inhaled corticosteroids. CONCLUSION: Telephone and short-message follow-ups can increase compliance with inhaled corticosteroid treatment and improve the asthma control levels and lung function of asthmatic children.

Hydrogel loaded with thiolated chitosan modified taxifolin liposome promotes osteoblast proliferation and regulates Wnt signaling pathway to repair rat skull defects.

To alleviate skull defects and enhance the biological activity of taxifolin, this study utilized the thin-film dispersion method to prepare paclitaxel liposomes (TL). Thiolated chitosan (CSSH)-modified TL (CTL) was synthesized through charge interactions. Injectable hydrogels (BLG) were then prepared as hydrogel scaffolds loaded with TAX (TG), TL (TLG), and CTL (CTLG) using a Schiff base reaction involving oxidized dextran and carboxymethyl chitosan. The study investigated the bone reparative properties of CTLG through molecular docking, western blot techniques, and transcriptome analysis. The particle sizes of CTL were measured at 248.90 ± 14.03 nm, respectively, with zeta potentials of +36.68 ± 5.43 mV, respectively. CTLG showed excellent antioxidant capacity in vitro. It also has a good inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition rates of 93.88 ± 1.59 % and 88.56 ± 2.83 % respectively. The results of 5-ethynyl-2 '-deoxyuridine staining, alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining showed that CTLG also had the potential to promote the proliferation and differentiation of mouse embryonic osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). The study revealed that CTLG enhances the expression of osteogenic proteins by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway, shedding light on the potential application of TAX and bone regeneration mechanisms.

A Zeolitic Octahedral Metal Oxide with Ultrahigh Porosity for High-temperature and High-humidity Alkyne/Alkene Separation.

Zeolitic octahedral metal oxide is a newly synthesized all-inorganic zeolitic material and has been used for adsorption, separation, and catalysis. Herein, a new zeolitic octahedral metal oxide was synthesized and characterized. The porous framework was established through the assembly of [P2Mo13O50] clusters with PO4 linkers. Guest molecules occupied the framework, which could be removed through heat treatment, thereby opening the micropores. The pore characteristics were controlled by the cations within the micropore, enabling the adjustment of the interactions with alkynes and alkenes. This resulted in good separation performance of ethylene/acetylene and propylene/propyne even under high temperature and humidity conditions. The high stability of the material enabled the efficient recovery and reuse without discernible loss in the separation performance. Due to the relatively weak interaction between the adsorbed alkyne and the framework, the adsorbent facilitated the recovery of a highly pure alkyne. This feature enhances the practical applicability of the material in various industrial processes.

Cervical Cancer Screening via Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid and Lugol Iodine for Triage of HPV-Positive Women.

Importance: Limited evidence supports the performance of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing as a primary screening method, followed by triage with visual inspection with acetic acid, in areas with limited health care resources, as suggested by the 2021 World Health Organization guidelines. Objective: To evaluate the performance of visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol iodine as a triage method for detecting cervical precancerous lesions among HPV-positive women in 1 visit. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study examined the implementation of a government-led cervical cancer screening program conducted from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020, in Ordos City, China. Female residents, aged 35 to 64 years, who understood the screening procedures and voluntarily participated were included in the study. Women were excluded if they reported never having had sexual intercourse, were pregnant, had a hysterectomy, or had ever undergone treatment for cervical lesions. Statistical analysis was conducted from December 2022 to December 2023. Exposures: The program used the careHPV DNA assay as the primary screening method, and immediate triage was performed by visual inspection if HPV screening results were positive, with a 5-year screening interval. A colposcopy was performed for the women who had suspected cancer on visual inspection results or who were HPV positive and had abnormal visual inspection results, all in 1 visit. Main Outcomes and Measures: The rate of compliance with colposcopy and the detection rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+). Results: The study included 187 863 women (median age, 46 years [IQR, 40-52 years]) who participated in the program and had valid HPV test results. The overall prevalence of HPV positivity was 12.8% (24 070 of 187 863), and the adherence to triage with visual inspection among HPV-positive women was 93.9% (22 592 of 24 070). Among HPV-positive women, the rate of compliance with colposcopy was 65.6% (2714 of 4137), and the CIN2+ detection rate was 2.8% (643 of 22 592). Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this cohort study suggest that the implementation of HPV testing, visual inspection, and colposcopy within 1 visit may mitigate losses to follow-up, detect precancerous lesions, and hold significant implications for screening in comparable areas with limited health care resources.

A first-in-class TIMM44 blocker inhibits bladder cancer cell growth.

Mitochondria play a multifaceted role in supporting bladder cancer progression. Translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 44 (TIMM44) is essential for maintaining function and integrity of mitochondria. We here tested the potential effect of MB-10 (MitoBloCK-10), a first-in-class TIMM44 blocker, against bladder cancer cells. TIMM44 mRNA and protein expression is significantly elevated in both human bladder cancer tissues and cells. In both patient-derived primary bladder cancer cells and immortalized (T24) cell line, MB-10 exerted potent anti-cancer activity and inhibited cell viability, proliferation and motility. The TIMM44 blocker induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in bladder cancer cells, but failed to provoke cytotoxicity in primary bladder epithelial cells. MB-10 disrupted mitochondrial functions in bladder cancer cells, causing mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative stress and ATP reduction. Whereas exogenously-added ATP and the antioxidant N-Acetyl Cysteine mitigated MB-10-induced cytotoxicity of bladder cancer cells. Genetic depletion of TIMM44 through CRISPR-Cas9 method also induced robust anti-bladder cancer cell activity and MB-10 had no effect in TIMM44-depleted cancer cells. Contrarily, ectopic overexpression of TIMM44 using a lentiviral construct augmented proliferation and motility of primary bladder cancer cells. TIMM44 is important for Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. In primary bladder cancer cells, Akt-S6K1 phosphorylation was decreased by MB-10 treatment or TIMM44 depletion, but enhanced after ectopic TIMM44 overexpression. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of MB-10 impeded bladder cancer xenograft growth in nude mice. Oxidative stress, ATP reduction, Akt-S6K1 inhibition and apoptosis were detected in MB-10-treated xenograft tissues. Moreover, genetic depletion of TIMM44 also arrested bladder cancer xenograft growth in nude mice, leading to oxidative stress, ATP reduction and Akt-S6K1 inhibition in xenograft tissues. Together, targeting overexpressed TIMM44 by MB-10 significantly inhibits bladder cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

Dual Design on Hierarchically Hollow MoTe2/C with Ion/Electron Channel Engineering for High-Performance Sodium Storage.

Transition-metal tellurides have been investigated as novel anode materials for application in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their rich active sites and unique and controllable layered nanostructures. However, the weak structural strength and inferior intercalation/deintercalation kinetics inhibit the development of transition-metal tellurides. In this work, MoTe2/C composites with two different hollow nanostructures are designed and prepared. By adjustment of the precursor structure, MoTe2/C-2 exhibits superior sodium-storage performance because of its uniquely hollow nanostructure with self-assembled 2D flexible nanosheets grown on the external surface. MoTe2/C-2 delivers a higher specific capacity (276 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after 300 cycles), much more than MoTe2/C-1 (201 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after 300 cycles), and exhibits a long-time cycling performance (131 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 2000 cycles). The excellent sodium-storage performance derived from the rational structure design is beneficial for shortening the ion paths, facilitating the sodiation/desodiation process, and reinforcing the intrinsic structural stability, thus boosting the reaction kinetics and prolonging the cycling life. Meanwhile, the assembled full-cell maintains 101 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after 50 cycles and lights an electric watch. The findings provide several new views for preparation of more transition-metal tellurides with multi-ion/electron migration channel engineering.

Incidence and factors associated with dysphagia in intensive care unit patients 24 h after extubation.

BACKGROUND: Post-extubation dysphagia deserves attention because it places patients at risk following extubation, especially critically ill patients in intensive care unit. However, there are limited studies of post-extubation dysphagia in the early stages after extubation. AIMS: To investigate the incidence and factors associated with post-extubation dysphagia among patients in intensive care unit within 24 h of extubation. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective descriptive study was carried out with 173 adult patients in intensive care unit with tracheal extubation at a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China. The Gugging Swallowing Screen was used to evaluate the swallowing function of patients 1, 4 and 24 h after extubation. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from medical records. RESULTS: The incidence of post-extubation dysphagia in patients within 1, 4 and 24 h after extubation was 86.71% (n = 150), 63.01% (n = 109) and 43.35% (n = 75), respectively. The risk factors included older age (OR = 1.057, 95%CI [1.039, 1.072], p < .001), cardiovascular disease (OR = 0.098, 95%CI [0.082, 0.127], p = .012), thyroid dysfunction (OR = 5.042, 95%CI [1.527, 13.684], p < .001), non-post-operative admission (OR = 3.186, 95%CI [1.142, 14.422], p = .036), mechanical ventilation duration >48 h (OR = 3.558, 95%CI [1.217, 10.385], p = .020), intubation duration >24 h (OR = 0.533, 95%CI [0.278, 0.898], p = .048) and intubation model size ≤7 (OR = 0.327, 95%CI [0.158, 0.788], p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a high incidence of post-extubation dysphagia in critical patients in the 24 h after extubation, with the incidence decreasing over time. Screening of early post-extubation dysphagia after extubation is needed, but the specific evaluation time point requires further investigation. Patients with older age, cerebrovascular disease, thyroid dysfunction, post-operative admission, longer mechanical ventilation time, thicker intubation models and longer intubation time have a higher risk of the occurrence of post-extubation dysphagia. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The incidence of post-extubation dysphagia is very high in the early stage. Within 24 h after extubation, the patient's swallowing function should be actively evaluated, and the occurrence of aspiration should be vigilant. Patients with older age, cerebrovascular disease, thyroid dysfunction, post-operative admission, longer mechanical ventilation time, thicker intubation models and longer intubation time should receive more attention.

Structural characterization of a Chlorella heteropolysaccharide by analyzing its depolymerized product and finding an inducer of human dendritic cell maturation.

Chlorella polysaccharides have been gaining increasing attention because of their high yield from dried Chlorella powder and their remarkable immunomodulatory activity. In this study, the major polysaccharide fraction, CPP-3a, in Chlorella pyrenoidosa, was isolated, and its detailed structure was investigated by analyzing the low-molecular-weight product prepared via free radical depolymerization. The results indicated that CPP-3a with a molecular weight of 195.2 kDa was formed by →2)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →2)-α-D-Rhap-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-ß-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1→, →2,3)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →3,4)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →3,4)-ß-D-Galp-(1→, →3,6)-ß-D-Galp-(1→, and →2,3,6)-α-D-Galp-(1→ residues, branched at C2, C3, C4, or C6 of α/ß-D-Galp and α-D-Manp, and terminated by α/ß-L-Araf, α-L-Arap, α-D-Galp, and ß-D-Glcp. Biological assays showed that CPP-3a significantly altered the dendritic morphology of immature dendritic cells (DCs). Enhanced CD80, CD86, and MHC I expression on the cell surface and decreased phagocytic ability indicated that CPP-3a could induce the maturation of DCs. Furthermore, CPP-3a-stimulated DCs not only stimulated the proliferation of allogeneic naïve CD4+ T cells and the secretion of IFN-γ, but also directly stimulated the activation and proliferation of CD8+ T cells through cross-antigen presentation. These findings indicate that CPP-3a can promote human DC maturation and T-cell stimulation and may be a novel DC maturation inducer with potential developmental value in DC immunotherapy.

Polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogels loaded with taxifolin liposomes promote diabetic wound healing by inhibiting inflammation and regulating autophagy.

With the improvement of modern living standards, the challenge of diabetic wound healing has significantly impacted the public health system. In this study, our objective was to enhance the bioactivity of taxifolin (TAX) by encapsulating it in liposomes using a thin film dispersion method. Additionally, polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogels were prepared through repeated freeze-thawing. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate the properties of the hydrogel and its effectiveness in promoting wound healing in diabetic mice. The results of the experiments revealed that the encapsulation efficiency of taxifolin liposomes (TL) was 89.80 ± 4.10 %, with a drug loading capacity of 17.58 ± 2.04 %. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the prepared hydrogels possessed a porous structure, facilitating gas exchange and the absorption of wound exudates. Furthermore, the wound repair experiments in diabetic mice showed that the TL-loaded hydrogels (TL-Gels) could expedite wound healing by suppressing the inflammatory response and promoting the expression of autophagy-related proteins. Overall, this study highlights that TL-Gels effectively reduce wound healing time by modulating the inflammatory response and autophagy-related protein expression, thus offering promising prospects for the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds induced by diabetes.

Crystal structure of Ti4Ni2C.

Single crystals of the inter-metallic phase with composition Ti4Ni2C were serendipitously obtained by high-pressure sinter-ing of a mixture with initial chemical composition Ti2Ni. The Ti4Ni2C phase crystallizes in the Fd m space group and can be considered as a partially filled Ti2Ni structure with the C atom occupying an octa-hedral void. Ti4Ni2C is isotypic with Ti4Ni2O, Nb4Ni2C and Ta4Ni2C, all of which were studied previously by means of powder diffraction.

Revealing the Dynamic Lithiation Process of Copper Disulfide by in Situ TEM.

Transition metal oxides, fluorides, and sulfides are extensively studied as candidate electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries driven by the urgency of developing next-generation higher energy density lithium batteries. These conversion-type electrode materials often require nanosized active materials to enable a "smooth" lithiation and de-lithiation process during charge/discharge cycles, determined by their size, structure, and phase. Herein, the structural and chemical changes of Copper Disulfide (CuS2 ) hollow nanoparticles during the lithiation process through an in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method are investigated. The study finds the hollow structure of CuS2 facilitates the quick formation of fluidic Li2 S "drops," accompanied by a de-sulfurization to the Cu7 S4 phase. Meanwhile, the metallic Cu phase emerges as fine nanoparticles and grows into nano-strips, which are embedded in the Li2 S/Cu7 S4 matrix. These complex nanostructured phases and their spatial distribution can lead to a low de-lithiation barrier, enabling fast reaction kinetics.

Selective aneurysmal sac neck-targeted embolization during endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm with hostile neck anatomy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of selective aneurysmal sac neck-targeted embolization in endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in patients with a hostile neck anatomy (HNA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 2020 and June 2022, patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and HNA who underwent EVAR with a low-profile stent graft and a selective aneurysmal sac neck-targeted embolization technique were analysed. An HNA was defined by the presence of any of the following parameters: infrarenal neck angulation > 60°; neck length < 15 mm; conical neck; circumferential calcification ≥ 50%; or thrombus ≥ 50%. Before occluding the entire aneurysm during the procedure, a buddy wire was loaded prophylactically into the sac through the contralateral limb side. If a type Ia endoleak (ELIa) occurred and persisted despite adjunctive treatment such as balloon moulding or cuff extension, this preloaded wire could be utilized to enable a catheter to reach the space between the stent graft and sac neck to perform coil embolization. In the absence of ELIa, the wire was simply retracted. The primary outcome of this study was freedom from sac expansion and endoleak-related reintervention during the follow-up period; secondary outcomes included technical success and intraoperative and in-hospital postoperative complications. RESULTS: Among the 28 patients with a hostile neck morphology, 11 (39.5%) who presented with ELIa underwent intraprocedural treatment involving sac neck-targeted detachable coil embolization. Seventeen individuals (60.7%) of the total patient population did not undergo coiling. All patients in the coiling group underwent balloon moulding, and 2 patients additionally underwent cuff extension. In the noncoiling group, 14 individuals underwent balloon moulding as a treatment for ELIa, while 3 patients did not exhibit ELIa during the procedure. The coiling group showed longer operating durations (81.27 ± 11.61 vs. 70.71 ± 7.17 min, P < 0.01) and greater contrast utilization than the noncoiling group (177.45 ± 52.41 vs. 108.24 ± 17.49 ml, P < 0.01). In the entire cohort, the technical success rate was 100%, and there were no procedure-related complications. At a mean follow-up of 18.6 ± 5.2 months (range 12-31), there were no cases of sac expansion (19 cases of sac regression, 67.86%; 9 cases of stability, 32.14%) or endoleak-related reintervention. CONCLUSIONS: Selective aneurysmal sac neck-targeted embolization for the treatment of ELIa in AAA patients with an HNA undergoing EVAR is safe and may prevent type Ia endoleak and related sac expansion after EVAR.

Dopamine-grafted oxidized hyaluronic acid/gelatin/cordycepin nanofiber membranes modulate the TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway to promote diabetic wound healing.

Due to impaired immune function, diabetic wounds are highly susceptible to the development of excessive inflammatory responses and prolonged recurrent bacterial infections that impede diabetic wound healing. Therefore, it is necessary to design and develop a wound dressing that controls bacterial infection and inhibits excessive inflammatory response. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was modified using dopamine (DA). Subsequently, cordycepin (COR) was loaded into dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid (OHDA)/gelatin (GEL) nanofiber wound dressing by electrostatic spinning technique. The constructed COR/OHDA/GEL nanofiber membrane has good thermal stability, hydrophilicity, and air permeability. In vitro experiments showed that the obtained COR/OHDA/GEL nanofiber membranes had good antimicrobial efficacy (S. aureus: 95.60 ± 0.99 %, E. coli: 71.17 ± 6.87 %), antioxidant activity (>90 %), and biocompatibility. In vivo experiments showed that COR/OHDA/GEL nanofiber membranes could promote wound tissue remodeling, collagen deposition, and granulation tissue regeneration. Western blot experiments showed that COR/OHDA/GEL nanofibrous membranes could inhibit the excessive inflammatory response of wounds through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, COR/OHDA/GEL nanofiber membranes could promote diabetic wound healing by modulating the inflammatory response. The results showed that the designed nanofiber wound dressing is expected to provide a new strategy for treating chronic wounds.

SQLE is a promising prognostic and immunological biomarker and correlated with immune Infiltration in Sarcoma.

Squalene epoxidase (SQLE) is an essential enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. However, its role in sarcoma and its correlation with immune infiltration remains unclear. All original data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). SQLE expression was explored using the TCGA database, and correlations between SQLE and cancer immune characteristics were analyzed via the TISIDB databases. Generally, SQLE is predominantly overexpressed and has diagnostic and prognostic value in sarcoma. Upregulated SQLE was associated with poorer overall survival, poorer disease-specific survival, and tumor multifocality in sarcoma. Mechanistically, we identified a hub gene that included a total of 82 SQLE-related genes, which were tightly associated with histone modification pathways in sarcoma patients. SQLE expression was negatively correlated with infiltrating levels of dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells and positively correlated with Th2 cells. SQLE expression was negatively correlated with the expression of chemokines (CCL19 and CX3CL1) and chemokine receptors (CCR2 and CCR7) in sarcoma. In conclusion, SQLE may be used as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in sarcoma.

A dihydromyricetin-loaded phellinus igniarius polysaccharide/l-arginine modified chitosan-based hydrogel for promoting wound recovery in diabetic mice via JNK and TGF-ß/Smad signaling pathway.

The wound of diabetes has long-term excessive inflammation leading to wound fibrosis and scar formation. In the process of diabetic wound healing, good wound dressing is required for intervention. In this study, we designed a dihydromyricetin-loaded hydrogel (PCD) based on phellinus igniarius polysaccharide and l-arginine modified chitosan as an alternative material to promote diabetes wound healing. PCD had a uniform porous structure, good thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties, high water absorption, excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In addition, in the full-thickness skin trauma model of diabetes, PCD significantly inhibited the JNK signaling pathway to reduce inflammatory response, and significantly down-regulated the expression of TGF-ß1, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 to directly inhibit the TGF-ß/Smad signaling pathway to accelerate wound healing and slow down scar formation in diabetes mice. Therefore, PCD has a broad application prospect in promoting diabetes wound healing.