ABSTRACT
The vanC1 gene, which is chromosomally located, confers resistance to vancomycin and serves as a species marker for Enterococcus gallinarum. Enterococcus faecium TJ4031 was isolated from a blood culture and harbours the vanC1gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed to detect vanXYc and vanTc genes. Only the vanXYc gene was found in the E. faecium TJ4031 isolate. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and teicoplanin were 2 µg/mL and 1 µg/mL, respectively. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR results revealed that the vanC1 and vanXYc genes were not expressed. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and southern hybridisation results showed that the vanC1 gene was encoded in the chromosome. E. faecalis isolated from animals has been reported to harbour vanC1gene. However, this study is the first to report the presence of the vanC1gene in E. faecium of human origin. Additionally, our research showed the vanC1gene cannot serve as a species-specific gene of E. gallinarum and that it is able to be transferred between bacteria. Although the resistance marker is not expressed in the strain, our results showed that E. faecium could acquire the vanC1gene from different species.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Enterococcus faecium/genetics , Genes, Bacterial/genetics , Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/blood , Blotting, Southern , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Enterococcus/drug effects , Enterococcus/genetics , Enterococcus faecalis/genetics , Enterococcus faecium/drug effects , Humans , In Situ Hybridization/methods , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Multigene Family/physiology , Multilocus Sequence Typing , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Teicoplanin/pharmacology , Vancomycin/pharmacology , Vancomycin Resistance/geneticsABSTRACT
The vanC1 gene, which is chromosomally located, confers resistance to vancomycin and serves as a species marker for Enterococcus gallinarum. Enterococcus faecium TJ4031 was isolated from a blood culture and harbours the vanC1gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed to detect vanXYc and vanTc genes. Only the vanXYc gene was found in the E. faecium TJ4031 isolate. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and teicoplanin were 2 µg/mL and 1 µg/mL, respectively. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR results revealed that the vanC1and vanXYc genes were not expressed. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and southern hybridisation results showed that the vanC1 gene was encoded in the chromosome. E. faecalis isolated from animals has been reported to harbour vanC1gene. However, this study is the first to report the presence of the vanC1gene in E. faecium of human origin. Additionally, our research showed the vanC1gene cannot serve as a species-specific gene of E. gallinarum and that it is able to be transferred between bacteria. Although the resistance marker is not expressed in the strain, our results showed that E. faecium could acquire the vanC1gene from different species.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Enterococcus faecium/genetics , Genes, Bacterial/genetics , Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Blotting, Southern , Bacterial Proteins/blood , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Enterococcus faecalis/genetics , Enterococcus faecium/drug effects , Enterococcus/drug effects , Enterococcus/genetics , In Situ Hybridization/methods , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Multilocus Sequence Typing , Multigene Family/physiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Teicoplanin/pharmacology , Vancomycin Resistance/genetics , Vancomycin/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The vanC1 gene, which is chromosomally located, confers resistance to vancomycin and serves as a species marker for Enterococcus gallinarum. Enterococcus faecium TJ4031 was isolated from a blood culture and harbours the vanC1gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed to detect vanXYc and vanTc genes. Only the vanXYc gene was found in the E. faecium TJ4031 isolate. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and teicoplanin were 2 µg/mL and 1 µg/mL, respectively. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR results revealed that the vanC1and vanXYc genes were not expressed. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and southern hybridisation results showed that the vanC1 gene was encoded in the chromosome. E. faecalis isolated from animals has been reported to harbour vanC1gene. However, this study is the first to report the presence of the vanC1gene in E. faecium of human origin. Additionally, our research showed the vanC1gene cannot serve as a species-specific gene of E. gallinarum and that it is able to be transferred between bacteria. Although the resistance marker is not expressed in the strain, our results showed that E. faecium could acquire the vanC1gene from different species.