G protein-coupled receptor 1 participating in the mechanism of mediating gestational diabetes mellitus by phosphorylating the AKT pathway.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disease that occurs during pregnancy. Herein, we investigate G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) in mediating GDM through the phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase (AKT) pathway. Thirty pregnant SD rats were grouped into: normal pregnancy control group (NC), GDM model group, and GDM model + high-dose GPR1 antagonist treatment (GDM + Ari) group. GDM model was established, and the GDM + Ari group adopted GPR1 antagonist aripiprazole. The blood glucose level, insulin level, and insulin resistance (IR) were detected. The expression and phosphorylation of GPR1, AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in placental tissue were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting (WB). The serum insulin concentration, glucose concentration, and glycated hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy in GDM group SD rats were significantly higher than those in the NC group (P < 0.05). The expression and phosphorylation levels of GPR1, AKT, and ERK in the placental tissue of SD pregnant rats in the GDM group were significantly lower than those in the NC group. Furthermore, compared with the GDM group, the expression of GPR1, AKT, and ERK in placental tissue was significantly reduced in the GDM + Ari group, while simultaneously enhancing the blood glucose level and IR level. In addition, the survival number, body weight, and malformation rate of the offspring of the GDM + Ari group were significantly improved, and there was no significant effect on the number of offspring. The expressions of GPR1, AKT, and ERK in placental tissue exhibited a significant decrease, while the glucose level and IR were observed to increase in the GDM + Ari group. Enhancing the expression of GPR1 may activate AKT phosphorylation to alleviate GDM. GPR1 could potentially serve as a novel target for diabetes treatment, offering new insights into managing GDM.

Development and validation of a predictive model for preoperative deep vein thrombosis following traumatic thoracolumbar fractures.

Although a sequential work-up for deep vein thrombosis has reached agreement worldwide, the mysterious nature of DVT following fractures brings challenges to early diagnosis and intervention. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting preoperative DVT risk in patients with thoracolumbar fractures using readily available clinical data. Of the 1350 patients, 930 were randomly assigned to the training cohort. A prediction model was established and visualized as a nomogram based on eight predictors related to preoperative DVT. The performance of the model was tested by the receiver operating characteristic curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis. We further verified the model in the validation cohort. The AUCs of the prediction model were 0.876 and 0.853 in training and validation cohorts, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test demonstrated good fitness in the training set (X2 = 5.913, P = 0.749) and the validation set (X2 = 9.460, P = 0.396). Calibration and decision curve analyses performed well in training and validation sets. In short, we developed a prediction model for preoperative DVT risk in patients with thoracolumbar fractures and verified its accuracy and clinical utility.

Clinical outcomes of guider-assisted osteotomy compared to conventional pendulum-saw osteotomy in open wedge high tibial osteotomy: a propensity score-matched cohort study.

PURPOSE: We developed a novel guider-assisted osteotomy (GAO) procedure to improve the safety of open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) and aimed to compare its efficacy and complications with the conventional pendulum-saw osteotomy (PSO). METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing either GAO or PSO procedure in the OWHTO to treat varus knee osteoarthritis, who had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Patients were propensity score matched (PSM) in a 1:1 ratio based on demographic and clinical data with a caliper width of 0.02. The outcomes assessed involved the hospital for special surgery (HSS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and the Intraoperative and postoperative complications. RESULTS: 199 patients were included in each group after PSM. The mean duration of follow-up was 38.3 ± 8.9 months. The GAO group had a shorter operation duration (104.5 ± 35.7 vs. 112.1 ± 36.0 min, p = 0.027) and fewer times of intraoperative fluoroscopy (4.2 ± 1.4 vs. 6.0 ± 1.4, p < 0.001). At the last follow-up, clinical scores for knee achieved significant improvements in both GAO and PSO groups: HSS (67.5 ± 10.5 vs. 90.2 ± 7.0, p < 0.001; 69.4 ± 8.2 vs. 91.7 ± 6.8, p < 0.001) and WOMAC (65.7 ± 11.6 vs. 25.2 ± 10.4, p < 0.001; 63.3 ± 12.2 vs. 23.8 ± 9.5, p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between groups for any measures (p > 0.05). In addition, the intraoperative complications (0.5% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.068) and the postoperative bone delayed union and nonunion (1.0% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.032) were marginally or significantly reduced in the GAO versus PSO group. CONCLUSION: GAO demonstrates improvements in intraoperative radiation exposure and complications, with comparable short-term efficacy to PSO, and could be considered a viable alternative in clinical practice.

Gut Microbial Adaptation to Varied Altitudes and Temperatures in Tibetan Plateau Yaks.

The yak (Bos grunniens) exhibits exceptional regional adaptability, enabling it to thrive in the distinctive ecological niches of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its survival relies on the intricate balance of its intestinal microbiome, essential for adapting to harsh environmental conditions. Despite the documented significance of bacteria and fungi in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and supporting immune functions, there is still a substantial gap in understanding how the composition and functionality of yak gut microbiota vary along altitude-temperature gradients. This study aims to fill this gap by employing 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing techniques to analyze and compare the intestinal microbiome of yaks residing at different elevations and exposed to varying temperatures. The findings demonstrate subtle variations in the diversity of intestinal bacteria and fungi, accompanied by significant changes in taxonomic composition across various altitudes and temperature gradients. Notably, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota emerged as the dominant phyla across all groups, with Actinobacteriota exhibiting the highest proportion (35.77%) in the LZF group. Functional prediction analysis revealed significant associations between the LZF group and metabolic pathways related to amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis. This suggests a potential role for actinomycetes in enhancing nutrient absorption and metabolism in yaks. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the microbiota of yaks may enhance energy metabolism and catabolism by modulating the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidota ratio, potentially mitigating the effects of temperature variations. Variations in gut bacterial and fungal communities among three distinct groups were analyzed using metagenomic techniques. Our findings indicate that microbial genera exhibiting significant increases in yaks at lower altitudes are largely beneficial. To sum up, our research investigated the changes in gut bacterial and fungal populations of yaks residing across diverse altitude and temperature ranges. Moreover, these results enhance comprehension of gut microbial makeup and variability, offering perspectives on the environmental resilience of dry lot feeding yaks from a microbial angle.

Microbiome analysis reveals alteration in water microbial communities due to livestock activities.

The Baihe River, a tributary of the Yellow River located in the Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Northern Sichuan, is surrounded by natural resources suitable for animal development. However, the impact of livestock activities water microbiome in this area remains unexplored. This study collected water samples from areas with captive yaks and sheep (NS and YS) and compared them with water samples from Hongyuan Baihe River. Through amplicon sequencing, we investigated the impact of livestock activities on aquatic microorganisms. Diversity analysis, significance analysis, and microbial phenotype prediction indicated a significant decrease in microbial community diversity and function in the NS and YS groups. Pathogenic microorganisms such as Bacteroidales and Thelebolaceae and antibiotic-resistant bacteria genes such as Flavobacteriales and Burkholderiaceae were significantly higher in livestock breeding areas. Additionally, bacteria adapted to acidification, hypoxia, and eutrophication (e.g., Acidobacteria, Flavobacteriales, Deltaproteobacteria, Rhodobacterales) were more abundant in these areas. Our results demonstrate that livestock activities significantly alter the structure and function of microbial communities in surrounding water bodies, deteriorating water quality.

Clinical outcome after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy: comparison of double-triangle locking compression plate (DT-LCP) and T-shaped locking compression plate (T-LCP).

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of two internal fixation methods for high tibial osteotomy (HTO): double-triangle locking compression plate (DT-LCP) and T-shaped locking compression plate (T-LCP). METHODS: 202 adult patients in our hospital between January 2018 and December 2021 were included and followed up for at least one year: group 1(DT-LCP, 98 patients) and group 2 (T-LCP, 104 patients). Detailed information on demographics, preoperative and postoperative follow-up, surgical procedures, and complications were collected. The information of the International Knee Documentation Committee Knee Evaluation Form (IKDC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were collected before surgery and at the last follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 202 patients were included in the per-protocol analysis. No significant difference was found in terms of demographic data between groups, except for age and BMI. Clinically relevant improvements in knee pain were reached up to last follow-up after the operation in both groups. The mean pain scores (KOOS, WOMAC) at the final follow-up were significantly higher among group 1 compared to group 2 (P = 0.040 and P = 0.023). Furthermore, the DT-LCP internal fixation exerted more excellent effects on other symptoms, function and quality of life than T-LCP internal fixation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that DT-LCP provided better clinical performance due to its implant irritant pain, compared with T-LCP. Thus, DT-LCP is a feasible alternative for the fixation of OW-HTO.

Genetic characterization of Tibetan pigs adapted to high altitude under natural selection based on a large whole-genome dataset.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a valuable genetic resource pool, and the high-altitude adaptation of Tibetan pigs is a classic example of the adaptive evolution of domestic animals. Here, we report the presence of Darwinian positive selection signatures in Tibetan pigs (TBPs) using 348 genome-wide datasets (127 whole-genome sequence datasets (WGSs) and 221 whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip datasets). We characterized a high-confidence list of genetic signatures related response to high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan pigs, including 4,598 candidate SNPs and 131 candidate genes. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis revealed that 131 candidate genes are related to multiple systems and organs in Tibetan pigs. Notably, eight of the top ten novel genes, RALB, NBEA, LIFR, CLEC17A, PRIM2, CDH7, GK5 and FAM83B, were highlighted and associated with improved adaptive heart functions in Tibetan pigs high-altitude adaptation. Moreover, genome-wide association analysis revealed that 29 SNPs were involved in 13 candidate genes associated with at least one adaptive trait. In particular, among the top ten candidate genes, CLEC17A is related to a reduction in hemoglobin (HGB) in Tibetan pigs. Overall, our study provides a robust SNP/gene list involving genetic adaptation for Tibetan pig high-altitude adaptation, and it will be a valuable resource for future Tibetan pig studies.

Risk factors of preoperative deep vein thrombosis in patients with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

PURPOSE: This study aims to identify independent risk factors for preoperative lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH), and to develop a prediction nomogram. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on patients presenting with non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head between October 2014 and April 2019 was conducted. Duplex ultrasonography (DUS) was routinely used to screen for preoperative DVT of bilateral lower extremities. Data on demographics, chronic comorbidities, preoperative characteristics, and laboratory biomarkers were collected. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors associated with DVT which were combined and transformed into a nomogram model. RESULT: Among 2824 eligible patients included, 35 (1.24%) had preoperative DVT, including 15 cases of proximal thrombosis, and 20 cases of distal thrombosis. Six independent risk factors were identified to be associated with DVT, including Sodium ≤ 137 mmol/L (OR = 2.116, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.036-4.322; P = 0.040), AGE ≥ 49 years (OR = 7.598, 95%CI: 1.763-32.735; P = 0.008), D-Dimer > 0.18 mg/L (OR = 2.351, 95%CI: 1.070-5.163; P = 0.033), AT III ≤ 91.5% (OR = 2.796, 95%CI: 1.387-5.634; P = 0.006), PLT ≥ 220.4*109 /L (OR = 7.408, 95%CI: 3.434-15.981; P = 0.001) and ALB < 39 g/L (OR = 3.607, 95%CI: 1.084-12.696; P = 0.042). For the nomogram model, AUC was 0.845 (95%CI: 0.785-0.906), and C-index was 0.847 with the corrected value of 0.829 after 1000 bootstrapping validations. Moreover, the calibration curve and DCA exhibited the tool's good prediction consistency and clinical practicability. CONCLUSION: These epidemiologic data and the nomogram may be conducive to the individualized assessment, risk stratification, and development of targeted prevention programs for preoperative DVT in patients with NONFH.

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-lymphocyte count ratio (LLR) is a promising novel predictor of postoperative new-onset deep vein thrombosis following open wedge high tibial osteotomy: a propensity score-matched analysis.

BACKGROUND: The association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lymphocyte counts with the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has been demonstrated in many fields but remains lacking in open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). This study aimed to assess the predictive value of LDL-C to lymphocyte count ratio (LLR) in screening for postoperative new-onset DVT. METHODS: Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patients who underwent OWHTO between June 2018 and May 2023. The limited restricted cubic spline (RCS) was conducted to evaluate the nonlinear relationship between LLR and the risk of postoperative new-onset DVT. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and the predictive value of biomarkers was assessed. After adjusting for intergroup confounders by propensity score matching, the univariate logistic regression was applied to assess the association between LLR and DVT. RESULTS: 1293 eligible patients were included. RCS analysis showed a linear positive correlation between LLR and the risk of DVT (P for overall = 0.008). We identified LLR had an area under the curve of 0.607, accuracy of 74.3%, sensitivity of 38.5%, and specificity of 80.7%, and LLR > 1.75 was independently associated with a 1.45-fold risk of DVT (95% CI: 1.01-2.08, P = 0.045). Furthermore, significant heterogeneities were observed in the subgroups of age, BMI, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, Kellgren-Lawrence grade, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and intraoperative osteotomy correction size. CONCLUSION: LLR is a valuable biomarker for predicting postoperative new-onset DVT in patients with OWHTO, and routine screening is expected to yield positive benefits.

Duration of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical site infection in orthopaedic surgery: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The optimal duration for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) for preventing surgical site infection (SSI) in orthopaedic surgeries remains poorly supported by high-level evidence. This study aimed to assess the association between SAP duration and the occurrence of SSI within one year postoperatively. METHODS: This prospective cohort study was based on the database from Surgical Site Infection Surveillance and Improvement Project (SISIP) of a tertiary orthopaedic university hospital from October 2014 to December 2020. The main outcome was SSI, defined according to the CDC/NHSN criteria, determined by review of index hospitalization medical records, microbiology laboratory reports, and readmission records for SSI treatment within one-year after discharge. Adjusted Generalized additive models (GAMs) were performed to assess the relationships between SAP duration and SSI, determined the cut-off point of SAP duration, and estimate the relative contribution of each included variable, across the overall cohort and the three subgroups (open fracture, closed fracture, and non-traumatic group). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between prolonging SAP duration based on the cut-off point and SSI. RESULTS: There were 37,046 patients (55.1% male) included, with the overall SSI incidence of 2.35% (871/37,046). In adjusted GAMs, no statistically significant relationships were observed in overall cohort and open or closed group (P>0.05), but a nonlinear relationship was exhibited non-traumatic group (P=0.03); the cut-off point were 2.4 days for overall cohort and 3.6 days (open), 2.6 days (closed), 1.1 days (non-trauma) for three subgroups. In adjusted logistic regression, prolonging SAP duration did not demonstrate a statistically significant protective effect in overall cohort (aOR=0.868; 95% CI, 0.746-1.011) and three groups (open: aOR=0.867; 95% CI, 0.668-1.124; closed: aOR=0.925; 95% CI, 0.754-1.135; non-trauma: aOR=1.184; 95% CI, 0.832-1.683). The relative contribution ranks of SAP duration were 21st overall among 34 factors, 14th for open fractures, 28th for closed fractures, and 3rd for non-traumatic group among 33 factors. CONCLUSION: Prolonged postoperative SAP duration has no protective effect against SSI in orthopaedic surgery. Our findings support current guidelines against the practice of continuing SAP postoperatively.

Comparative analysis of intestinal microbiota composition between free-ranged captive yak populations in Nimu County.

The intestinal microbiota assumes a pivotal role in modulating host metabolism, immune responses, overall health, and additional physiological dimensions. The structural and functional characteristics of the intestinal microbiota may cause alterations within the host's body to a certain extent. The composition of the gut microbiota is associated with environmental factors, dietary habits, and other pertinent conditions. The investigation into the gut microbiota of yaks remained relatively underexplored. An examination of yak gut microbiota holds promise in elucidating the complex relationship between microbial communities and the adaptive responses of the host to its environment. In this study, yak were selected from two distinct environmental conditions: those raised in sheds (NS, n=6) and grazed in Nimu County (NF, n=6). Fecal samples were collected from the yaks and subsequently processed for analysis through 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing methodologies. The results revealed that different feeding styles result in significant differences in the Alpha diversity of fungi in the gut of yaks, while the gut microbiota of captive yaks was relatively conserved. In addition, significant differences appeared in the abundance of microorganisms in different taxa, phylum Verrucomicrobiota was significantly enriched in group NF while Firmicutes was higher in group NS. At the genus level, Akkermansia, Paenibacillus, Roseburia, Dorea, UCG_012, Anaerovorax and Marvinbryantia were enriched in group NF while Desemzia, Olsenella, Kocuria, Ornithinimicrobium and Parvibacter were higher in group NS (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was a significant difference in the function of gut microbiota between the two groups. The observed variations are likely influenced by differences in feeding methods and environmental conditions both inside and outside the pen. The findings of this investigation offer prospective insights into enhancing the yak breeding and expansion of the yak industry.

Influence of Varied Environment Conditions on the Gut Microbiota of Yaks.

Despite the crucial role of the gut microbiota in different physiological processes occurring in the animal body, reports regarding the gut microbiota of animals residing in different environmental conditions like high altitude and different climate settings are limited. The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is renowned for its extreme climatic conditions that provide an ideal environment for exploring the effects of high altitude and temperature on the microbiota of animals. Yaks have unique oxygen delivery systems and genes related to hypoxic response. Damxung, Nyêmo, and Linzhou counties in Tibet have variable altitudes and temperatures that offer distinct settings for studying yak adaptation to elevated terrains. The results of our study suggest that amplicon sequencing of V3-V4 and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions yielded 13,683 bacterial and 1912 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Alpha and beta diversity indicated distinct microbial structures. Dominant bacterial phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota. Genera UCG-005, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were dominant in confined yaks living in Damxung county (DXS) and yaks living in Linzhou county (LZS), whereas UCG-005 prevailed in confined yaks living in Nyêmo county (NMS). The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis highlighted genus-level differences. Meta-stat analysis revealed significant shifts in bacterial and fungal community composition in yaks at different high altitudes and temperatures. Bacterial taxonomic analysis revealed that two phyla and 32 genera differed significantly (p < 0.05). Fungal taxonomic analysis revealed that three phyla and four genera differed significantly (p < 0.05). Functional predictions indicated altered metabolic functions, especially in the digestive system of yaks living in NMS. This study reveals significant shifts in yak gut microbiota in response to varying environmental factors, such as altitude and temperature, shedding light on previously unexplored aspects of yak physiology in extreme environments.

Comparative study of a novel proximal femoral bionic nail and three conventional cephalomedullary nails for reverse obliquity intertrochanteric fractures: a finite element analysis.

Purpose: Conventional cephalomedullary nails (CMNs) are commonly employed for internal fixation in the treatment of reverse obliquity intertrochanteric (ROI) fractures. However, the limited effectiveness of conventional CMNs in addressing ROI fractures results in significant implant-related complications. To address challenges associated with internal fixation, a novel Proximal Femoral Bionic Nail (PFBN) has been developed. Methods: In this study, a finite element model was constructed using a normal femoral specimen, and biomechanical verification was conducted using the GOM non-contact optical strain measurement system. Four intramedullary fixation approaches-PFBN, Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation InterTan nail (ITN), and Gamma nail (Gamma nail)-were employed to address three variations of ROI fractures (AO/OTA 31-A3). The biomechanical stability of the implant models was evaluated through the calculation of the von Mises stress contact pressure and displacement. Results: Compared to conventional CMNs, the PFBN group demonstrated a 9.36%-59.32% reduction in the maximum VMS at the implant. The A3.3 ROI fracture (75% bone density) was the most unstable type of fracture. In comparison to conventional CMNs, PFBN demonstrated more stable data, including VMS values (implant: 506.33 MPa, proximal fracture fragment: 34.41 MPa), contact pressure (13.28 MPa), and displacement (17.59 mm). Conclusion: Compared to the PFNA, ITN, and GN, the PFBN exhibits improvements in stress concentration, stress conduction, and overall model stability in ROI fractures. The double triangle structure aligns better with the tissue structure and biomechanical properties of the proximal femur. Consequently, the PFBN has significant potential as a new fixation strategy for the clinical treatment of ROI fractures.

miR-122-5p Promotes Cowshed Particulate Matter2.5-Induced Apoptosis in NR8383 by Targeting COL4A1.

It is well known that Particulate Matter2.5 (PM2.5) has a major adverse effect on the organism. However, the health hazards of livestock farm PM2.5 to humans and animals are not yet known, and the role of miRNAs in the cellular damage induced by livestock farm PM2.5 is also unclear. Therefore, our study used cowshed PM2.5 to stimulate rat alveolar macrophage NR8383 to construct an in vitro injury model to investigate the effect of miR-122-5p on PM2.5-induced apoptosis in the NR8383. The level of apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342/PI double staining. Furthermore, the potential target gene Collagen type IV alpha (COL4A1) of miR-122-5p was identified through the use of bioinformatics methods. The results demonstrated a decline in cell viability and an increase in apoptosis with rising PM2.5 concentrations and exposure durations. The transfection of miR-122-5p mimics resulted in an upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 and activation of cleaved caspase-3 while inhibiting the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2. The experimental data indicate that miR-122-5p is involved in the apoptotic process by targeting COL4A1. Furthermore, the overexpression of COL4A1 was observed to enhance the PM2.5-activated PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway, which contributed to the inhibition of apoptosis. This finding offers a promising avenue for the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating cellular damage induced by PM2.5 exposure.

Development and assessment of an immobilized bacterial alliance that efficiently degrades tylosin in wastewater.

Microbial degradation of tylosin (TYL) is a safe and environmentally friendly technology for remediating environmental pollution. Kurthia gibsonii (TYL-A1) and Klebsiella pneumonia (TYL-B2) were isolated from wastewater; degradation efficiency of the two strains combined was significantly greater than either alone and resulted in degradation products that were less toxic than TYL. With Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-sodium alginate (SA)-activated carbon (AC) used to form a bacterial immobilization carrier, the immobilized bacterial alliance reached 95.9% degradation efficiency in 1 d and could be reused for four cycles, with > 93% degradation efficiency per cycle. In a wastewater application, the immobilized bacterial alliance degraded 67.0% TYL in 9 d. There were significant advantages for the immobilized bacterial alliance at pH 5 or 9, with 20 or 40 g/L NaCl, or with 10 or 50 mg/L doxycycline. In summary, in this study, a bacterial consortium with TYL degradation ability was constructed using PVA-SA-AC as an immobilized carrier, and the application effect was evaluated on farm wastewater with a view to providing application guidance in environmental remediation.

RGS2 attenuates alveolar macrophage damage by inhibiting the Gq/11-Ca2+ pathway during cowshed PM2.5 exposure, and aberrant RGS2 expression is associated with TLR2/4 activation.

Staff and animals in livestock buildings are constantly exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which affects their respiratory health. However, its exact pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. Regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2) has been reported to play a regulatory role in pneumonia. The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic potential of RGS2 in cowshed PM2.5-induced respiratory damage. PM2.5 was collected from a cattle farm, and the alveolar macrophages (NR8383) of the model animal rat were stimulated with different treatment conditions of cowshed PM2.5. The RGS2 overexpression vector was constructed and transfected it into cells. Compared with the control group, cowshed PM2.5 significantly induced a decrease in cell viability and increased the levels of apoptosis and proinflammatory factor expression. Overexpression of RGS2 ameliorated the above-mentioned cellular changes induced by cowshed PM2.5. In addition, PM2.5 has significantly induced intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation. Affinity inhibition of Gq/11 by RGS2 attenuated the cytosolic calcium signaling pathway mediated by PLCß/IP3R. To further investigate the causes and mechanisms of action of differential RGS2 expression, the possible effects of oxidative stress and TLR2/4 activation were investigated. The results have shown that RGS2 expression was not only regulated by oxidative stress-induced nitric oxide during cowshed PM2.5 cells stimulation but the activation of TLR2/4 had also an important inhibitory effect on its protein expression. The present study demonstrates the intracellular Ca2+ regulatory role of RGS2 during cellular injury, which could be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of PM2.5-induced respiratory injury.

Comprehensive Multi-Omic Evaluation of the Microbiota and Metabolites in the Colons of Diverse Swine Breeds.

Pigs stand as a vital cornerstone in the realm of human sustenance, and the intricate composition of their intestinal microbiota wields a commanding influence over their nutritional and metabolic pathways. We employed multi-omic evaluations to identify microbial evidence associated with differential growth performance and metabolites, thereby offering theoretical support for the implementation of efficient farming practices for Tibetan pigs and establishing a robust foundation for enhancing pig growth and health. In this work, six Duroc × landrace × yorkshi (DLY) pigs and six Tibetan pigs were used for the experiment. Following humane euthanasia, a comprehensive analysis was undertaken to detect the presence of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbial populations, and metabolites within the colonic environment. Additionally, metabolites present within the plasma were also assessed. The outcomes of our analysis unveiled the key variables affecting the microbe changes causing the observed differences in production performance between these two distinct pig breeds. Specifically, noteworthy discrepancies were observed in the microbial compositions of DLY pigs, characterized by markedly higher levels of Alloprevotella and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 (p < 0.05). These disparities, in turn, resulted in significant variations in the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and the cumulative SCFAs (p < 0.05). Consequently, the DLY pigs exhibited enhanced growth performance and overall well-being, which could be ascribed to the distinct metabolite profiles they harbored. Conversely, Tibetan pigs exhibited a significantly elevated relative abundance of the NK4A214_group, which consequently led to a pronounced increase in the concentration of L-cysteine. This elevation in L-cysteine content had cascading effects, further manifesting higher levels of taurine within the colon and plasma. It is noteworthy that taurine has the potential to exert multifaceted impacts encompassing microbiota dynamics, protein and lipid metabolism, as well as bile acid metabolism, all of which collectively benefit the pigs. In light of this, Tibetan pigs showcased enhanced capabilities in bile acid metabolism. In summation, our findings suggest that DLY pigs excel in their proficiency in short-chain fatty acid metabolism, whereas Tibetan pigs exhibit a more pronounced competence in the realm of bile acid metabolism. These insights underscore the potential for future studies to leverage these breed-specific differences, thereby contributing to the amelioration of production performance within these two distinct pig breeds.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of short-term outcomes comparing the efficacy of robotic versus laparoscopic colorectal surgery in obese patients.

This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate and contrast the effectiveness of robotic-assisted and laparoscopic colorectal surgery in the treatment of obese patients. In February 2024, we carried out an exhaustive search of key global databases including PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, limiting our focus to studies published in English and Chinese. We excluded reviews, protocols lacking published results, articles derived solely from conference abstracts, and studies not relevant to our research objectives. To analyze categorical variables, we utilized the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method along with random-effects models, calculating inverse variances and presenting the outcomes as odds ratios (ORs) along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical significance was determined when p values were less than 0.05. In our final meta-analysis, we included eight cohort studies, encompassing a total of 5,004 patients. When comparing the robotic surgery group to the laparoscopic group, the findings revealed that the robotic group experienced a longer operative time (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 37.53 min, 95% (CI) 15.58-59.47; p = 0.0008), a shorter hospital stay (WMD = -0.68 days, 95% CI -1.25 to -0.10; p = 0.02), and reduced blood loss (WMD = -49.23 mL, 95% CI -64.31 to -34.14; p < 0.00001). No significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding overall complications, conversion rates, surgical site infections, readmission rates, lymph node yield, anastomotic leakage, and intestinal obstruction. The results of our study indicate that robot-assisted colorectal surgery offers benefits for obese patients by shortening the length of hospital stay and minimizing blood loss when compared to laparoscopic surgery. Nonetheless, it is associated with longer operation times and shows no significant difference in terms of overall complications, conversion rates, rehospitalization rates, and other similar metrics.

The effect of distal locking mode on postoperative mechanical complications in intertrochanteric fractures: a retrospective cohort study of five hundred and seven patients.

PURPOSE: The optimal choice of distal locking modes remains a subject due to limited available data, and therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between distal locking mode and postoperative mechanical complications in an intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) population who underwent closed reduction and intramedullary fixation with a PFNA-II. METHODS: Patients aged 65 years or older who underwent surgery with PFNA-II fixation in a university teaching hospital between January 2020 and December 2021 were potentially eligible. Based on the distal locking mode, patients were classified into static, dynamic, and limited dynamic groups, among which the differences were tested using univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine whether the distal locking mode was independently associated with the risk of postoperative one year mechanical complications, adjusting for covariates and potential confounders. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the findings. RESULT: Among 507 eligible patients, 33 (6.5%) developed postoperative mechanical complications. In the univariate analysis, sex (P = 0.007), fracture type (P = 0.020), LAT Parker ratio (P = 0.023), and lateral femoral (P = 0.003) wall showed that the differences were significant. Compared to the static group, the limited dynamic group and the dynamic group showed higher odds of postoperative mechanical complications (OR = 3.314, 95% CI: 1.215-9.041; and OR = 3.652, 95% CI: 1.451-9.191, respectively). These associations were robust across a series of analyses, including adjusting for confounders and subgroup analyses. CONCLUSION: Using a distal non-static locking mode significantly increases the risk of postoperative mechanical complications, and static locking could be a preferable option when treating an intertrochanteric fracture.