[Factors associated with normal leukocyte count and C-reactive protein in adults with acute appendicitis: a retrospective cohort study]. / Faktory, svyazannye s normal'nym kolichestvom leikotsitov i urovnem S-reaktivnogo belka u vzroslykh bol'nykh s ostrym appenditsitom: retrospektivnoe kogortnoe issledovanie.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with normal leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP) in adults with acute appendicitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study included patients aged 18-60 years after surgeries for acute appendicitis. Convenience sampling was used to select medical records, and variables such as age, sex, weight, height, origin, self-medication, diabetes (DM2), high blood pressure (HBP), type of appendicitis, duration of illness, preoperative time, type of appendectomy, operative time, and hospital stay were analyzed. Patients were categorized into those with normal and abnormal inflammatory parameters. The SPSS version 28 software was used for analysis. RESULTS: We included 333 patients; 11.11% ones had normal inflammatory parameters. Both groups had mean age of approximately 33 years. Men comprised 56.76% and 57.43%in both groups, respectively. The abnormal group had shorter mean preoperative time, and catarrhal appendicitis was more common in the normal group. Multivariate analysis revealed that rural origin and self-medication were significantly associated with normal inflammatory parameters. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of normal inflammatory parameters in acute appendicitis patients was 11.11%. Rural origin, self-medication, shorter preoperative time, and catarrhal appendicitis were significantly associated with normal inflammatory parameters in this context.

Diagnostic utility of the Alvarado scale in older adults with suspected acute appendicitis.

BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis remains as a differential diagnosis in older patients with abdominal pain. The Alvarado scale may assist to guide the diagnosis and treatment of this entity. The operative characteristics of the scale are little known in this population. METHOD: We conducted a systematic review of original studies published between 1986 and 2022 evaluating the diagnostic performance of the Alvarado scale in older adults with suspected acute appendicitis. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the studies was performed according to the ROBINS-I criteria. RESULTS: Four original studies of retrospective design including 480 patients were identified. The heterogeneity and poor methodological quality limited an aggregate statistical analysis (meta-analysis). The value of the ROC curve of the scale varies between 0.799 and 0.969. From the available studies, the value of the ROC curve is lower in comparison to the RIPASA scale and comparable to the Lintula scale. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence on the diagnostic performance of the Alvarado scale in older adults is limited. The poor methodological quality of the available studies calls for a prudent use of this tool in this population. Our findings offer opportunities for future research.

ANTECEDENTES: La apendicitis aguda es un diagnóstico diferencial en el adulto mayor con dolor abdominal. La escala de Alvarado se utiliza para orientar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Las características operativas de la escala son poco conocidas en este grupo de pacientes. MÉTODO: Revisión sistemática de estudios originales publicados entre 1986 y 2022 que evaluaron el rendimiento diagnóstico de la escala de Alvarado en adultos mayores con sospecha de apendicitis aguda, con base en la declaración PRISMA. La evaluación de la calidad metodológica de los estudios se realizó con los criterios ROBINS-I. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron cuatro estudios originales de diseño retrospectivo que incluyen 480 pacientes. La heterogeneidad y la baja calidad metodológica limitaron un análisis estadístico agregado (metaanálisis). El valor de la curva ROC de la escala varía entre 0.799 y 0.969. En los estudios disponibles, el valor de la curva ROC es inferior al de la escala RIPASA y similar al de la escala de Lintula. CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia que sustenta el rendimiento diagnóstico de la escala de Alvarado en los adultos mayores es limitada. La pobre calidad de los estudios disponibles advierte sobre el uso prudente de esta herramienta en este grupo poblacional. Los hallazgos identificados ofrecen oportunidades de investigación futura.

Elementos clínicos para el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda en la atención primaria de salud

La apendicitis aguda se manifiesta, en ocasiones, con una variada e inespecífica presentación clínica, lo que dificulta su diagnóstico oportuno y favorece el riesgo de complicaciones. El objetivo es actualizar la información relacionada con las características clínicas de la apendicitis aguda, para lo que se realizó una revisión no sistemática de la literatura hasta abril del año 2022. Se revisaron artículos, libros especializados y citas bibliográficas de estudios elegidos, 20 de los cuales fueron seleccionados para la revisión. Mediante esta investigación se concluye que la primera y principal manifestación clínica es el dolor abdominal. El paciente debe someterse a una cuidadosa exploración física, incluyendo un examen rectal si lo precisa, y en las mujeres a un examen ginecológico si existiera duda diagnóstica.

Acute appendicitis is manifested, sometimes, with a varied and unspecific clinical presentation, which makes difficult its timely diagnosis and favors the complication risk. The objective is to update the information related to the clinical characteristics of acute appendicitis, for which a non-systematic review of the literature was carried out until April 2022. Articles, specialized books and bibliographic citations of selected studies were reviewed, 20 of which were chosen for the review. Through this research it is concluded that the first and main manifestation is abdominal pain. The patient should undergo a rigorous physical examination, including a rectal examination if necessary, and in the case of women, a gynecological examination if there is diagnostic doubt.

Retrospective study of patients submitted to appendectomy in a tertiary hospital: is there a difference between the public and supplementary health system?

Introduction: Appendicitis is the surgical disease with the highest prevalence in emergency rooms. Its clinical and/or surgical complications are associated with the time course of symptoms, age, comorbidities, and stages of the disease. Objectives: To analyze the demographic and clinical data of patients who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis in a tertiary referral hospital in the city of São Paulo and compare these data between services provided by the Public and Supplementary Health System. Methodology: Retrospective analysis of data from electronic medical records of patients over 14 years old who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis at Hospital Santa Marcelina, both in the Public and Supplementary Health Systems from January 2015 to December 2017. Results: A total of 536 patients were analyzed, 354 (66%) of whom were male with a general mean age of 29.85 years (14-81 years). The mean time from symptoms to seeking medical care was 53.84 hours. Regarding the phases of acute appendicitis, a greater number of cases of complicated disease was observed in patients operated on in the Public Health System (p < 0.0001), as well as the time course of symptoms (p = 0.0005) and Conclusion: There was a predominance of male patients undergoing appendectomy for acute appendicitis, with longer time course of symptoms in those operated on in the Public Health System and a predominance of appendicitis in advanced stages (3 and 4) in this group. However, in this group there was no significant increase in the rate of postoperative infection, and the length of stay was shorter than that of patients operated on in the Supplementary Health System. (AU)

[Factors associated with prolonged hospital-stay after appendectomy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic]. / Faktory, svyazannye s dlitel'nym prebyvaniem v statsionare posle appendektomii vo vremya pandemii SARS-CoV-2.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with prolonged hospital-stay after appendectomy in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective observational cohort study included 420 patients after surgery for acute appendicitis between March 2019 and March 2020, April 2020 and April 2021. There were 336 patients before the SARS-COV-2 pandemic, and 84 ones underwent surgery during the pandemic. RESULTS: Incidence of prolonged hospital stay was 15% and 26%, respectively (RR 1.76). RR is more than 1 and assumes SARS-CoV-2 infection as a risk factor. CONCLUSION: There is an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and prolonged hospital-stay after surgery for acute appendicitis (RR 1.76).

Usefulness of serum sodium levels as a novel marker for predicting acute appendicitis severity: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Early and accurate preoperative diagnosis of complicated appendicitis mandates the identification of new markers. The aim of this study is to determine whether preoperative serum sodium levels are useful for predicting the severity of acute appendicitis. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 475 patients who underwent emergency appendectomies between January 2018 and February 2023 in a general hospital in Brazil. The patients were divided into 2 groups: complicated (n = 254) and uncomplicated (n = 221). Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium levels < 136 mEq/L. The primary outcome was to evaluate if hyponatremia is associated with complicated appendicitis. RESULTS: The patients had a median age of 22 years, and the median serum sodium level was 137 mEq/L in patients with complicated appendicitis and 139 mEq/L in uncomplicated appendicitis (P < 0.001). The analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve used as the best cutoff value of serum sodium of 136 mEq/L with a sensitivity of 45.7%, specificity of 86.4%, positive predictive value of 79.5%, and negative predictive value of 58.1% for the diagnosis of complicated AA. Of the 254 patients with complicated appendicitis, 84 (33.1%) had serum sodium levels below 136 mEq/L, while only 12 (5.4%) patients with uncomplicated appendicitis had values ​​below this cutoff. Patients with hyponatremia were 5 times more likely to develop complicated appendicitis. (odds ratio: 5.35; 95% confidence interval: 3.39-8.45) CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative serum sodium levels are a useful tool for predicting the severity of acute appendicitis. Due to its low cost and wide availability, it has become an extremely relevant marker.

Apendicitis aguda dentro de una hernia de Spiegel: un caso infrecuente de una patología infrecuente.

INTRODUCTION: Spigelian hernia is a rare entity, with higher improbability of acute appendicitis within it. CASE REPORT: A 75-year-old female with a 30-year evolution hernia, abdominal pain, and fever of 1 week of onset, in whom was found an acute appendicitis within a Spigelian hernia. DISCUSSION: Spigelian hernia comprises 0.12-2% of all abdominal hernias. Presurgical diagnosis is stablished only in 50% of cases, with an hernial ring less than 2 cm and hidden localization. There isn't statistics of this complication because of the lack of case reports.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hernia de Spiegel es una afección infrecuente, con una improbabilidad aún mayor de apendicitis aguda en su interior. CASO CLÍNICO: Mujer de 75 años que acude con una hernia de 30 años, dolor abdominal y fiebre de 1 semana de inicio, en quien se encontró apendicitis aguda dentro de una hernia de Spiegel. DISCUSIÓN: La hernia de Spiegel comprende el 0.12-2% de las hernias abdominales. El diagnóstico prequirúrgico se ha logra en el 50% de los casos, con defecto menor de 2 cm y de localización oculta. No existe estadística de esta complicación debido a la escasez de casos reportados.

Mucocele apendicular benigno / Benign Appendiceal Mucocele

Introducción: El mucocele apendicular se considera una lesión rara del apéndice que se caracteriza por la dilatación de la luz del órgano con acumulación de moco. Este puede ser benigno o maligno. Objetivo: Caracterizar un caso de mucocele apendicular de comportamiento benigno en un paciente adulto masculino. Presentación del caso: Se asiste a un paciente, en estudio de tumor de vías digestivas, que se interviene quirúrgicamente con cuadro peritoneal agudo hallando masa de localización apendicular. Se realiza apendicectomía convencional y se estudia la pieza por anatomía patológica como mucocele apendicular benigno. La evolución del paciente fue satisfactoria. Conclusiones: Se presenta clínicamente de forma inespecífica, lo que posibilita que su diagnóstico sea intraoperatorio con mayor frecuencia. La estrategia quirúrgica depende de los hallazgos intraoperatorios donde la apendicectomía y la hemicolectomía derecha son las técnicas más utilizadas. El pseudomixoma peritoneal es una complicación temida(AU)

Introduction: Appendiceal mucocele is considered a rare lesion of the appendix characterized by dilatation of the organ lumen with mucus accumulation. It can be benign or malignant. Objective: To characterize a case of appendiceal mucocele with benign behavior in an adult male patient. Case presentation: A patient under study of digestive tract tumor is attended. The patient underwent surgery for having acute peritoneal symptoms; a mass of appendicular location was found. Conventional appendicectomy was performed and the piece was studied by pathological anatomy, being a benign appendicular mucocele. The patient's evolution was satisfactory. Conclusions: This condition is presented clinically in a nonspecific manner, which makes for its diagnosis to be more frequently intraoperative. The surgical strategy depends on the intraoperative findings, in which appendectomy and right hemicolectomy are the most used techniques. Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a feared complication(AU)

Acute appendicitis after closed abdominal trauma: A case report.

We present the case of a 14-year-old female patient with no clinical history who was admitted due to an impact on the abdomen and pelvis with a soccer ball during a match and who developed acute post-traumatic appendicitis. Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdomen. The diagnosis is mainly clinical and based on definitive history; however, the images can be decisive for the diagnosis. The etiology of acute appendicitis is well-reported in the literature, with the traumatic mechanism being one of the etiologies described. Acute post-traumatic appendicitis is rare; a timely diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, a careful history, and a physical examination. Imaging with ultrasound or computed tomography is recommended if there is a discrepancy between the medical history and physical examination.

Comparing Outcomes of Appendectomy Versus Non-operative Antibiotic Therapy for Acute Appendicitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common etiologies of an acute abdomen in the emergency department and first-line standard surgical care for the condition has recently been reconsidered. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness and outcomes of surgical intervention versus non-operative antibiotic therapy in the treatment of acute appendicitis in adult and pediatric patients. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE. The search included all studies until January 15th, 2022. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed for abstracting data and assessing data quality and validity. Data were independently extracted by the authors of the study. Meta-analysis was performed and Cohen's Q test for heterogeneous effects was performed to determine if fixed or random-effects models were appropriate for use. RESULTS: Twelve randomized controlled trials investigating a total of 3703 acute appendicitis patients met inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. In the systematic review, eleven RCTs demonstrated that appendectomy had improved effectiveness compared to non-operative antibiotic management. The meta-analysis demonstrated that patients undergoing appendectomy had significantly higher treatment effectiveness compared with antibiotics-only treatment (98.4% vs. 73.3%, P < .0001). The meta-analysis did demonstrate a significant .54-day reduction in hospital length of stay for the appendectomy group compared to the non-operative antibiotic therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical intervention is associated with increased effectiveness of treatment and reduced in-hospital length of stay among patients with acute appendicitis. Guidelines established by institutions and surgical organizations should indicate appendectomy as the standard and superior treatment option for patients presenting with acute appendicitis.

Complicated acute appendicitis with compromised appendiceal base: A review of surgical strategies.

<b><br>Introduction:</b> Acute appendicitis is one of the most frequent emergencies in hospitals around the world; it requires early surgical treatment in complicated cases. One of the challenges that the surgeon faces during appendectomy is when the base of the appendix is compromised by either a perforation or gangrene. To show the surgical strategies that have been reported, as well as the complications associated with a compromised appendicular base in a complicated acute appendicitis.</br> <b><br>Methods:</b> A bibliographic search was carried out in the databases of Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search expression ("appendiceal stump closure" OR "Closure of the appendiceal stump" OR "Management of appendiceal stump") was used to search for articles. The inclusion criteria were observational studies (case reports, case series, or cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort studies).</br> <b><br>Discussion:</b> Different techniques have been reported for the treatment of a compromised appendicular base. Among the most used are primary closure, partial resection of the cecum, cecostomy tube, ileocecectomy, and right hemicolectomy. The most frequent complications are surgical site infection, intra-abdominal abscess, postoperative ileus, intestinal obstruction, and others.</br> <b><br>Conclusions:</b> The appendicular base, compromised by necrosis or perforation, requires adequate treatment in order to prevent dehiscence of the appendicular stump sutures and fecal peritonitis. A number of surgical options have been reported.</br>.

Sensibilidad y especificidad de las escalas diagnósticas en la apendicitis aguda. Estudio prospectivo / Sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic scales in acute appendicitis. Prospective study

La Apendicitis Aguda se manifiesta cuando existe inflamación del apéndice cecal, representando una de las más notables causas de abdomen agudo con pronóstico quirúrgico en el mundo. Existen sistemas de puntuaciones que se han generado para su comprobación, mediante técnicas no invasivas, de fácil aplicación y reproducción; destacando entre ellas las escalas de ALVARADO, RIPASA, AIR, entre otras. Objetivo: Comparar la sensibilidad y especificidad de las escalas AIR Vs. RIPASA para el diagnóstico de la Apendicitis Aguda en el Hospital General Nacional "Dr. Ángel Larralde", período enero 2020 ­ diciembre 2022. Materiales: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y evaluativo, prospectivo y de corte transversal. Muestra fue intencional no probabilística, cumpliendo con los criterios de inclusión. Para la recolección de datos, se empleó la observación directa como técnica y como instrumentos las escalas AIR y RIPASA. Resultados: Muestra conformada por 192 pacientes, sin predisposición de géneros. Sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo, valor predictivo negativo y exactitud diagnóstica AIR: 70%; 58,33%; 73,68%; 53,84%; 65,62%; RIPASA: 88,88%; 42,85%; 66,66%; 75%; 68,75%. Conclusiones: La exactitud diagnóstica para la escala de RIPASA fue ligeramente mayor que para AIR (68,75% vs. 65,62%), permitiendo afirmar que, en el grupo de estudio, resultó más conveniente la aplicación de la escala de RIPASA en pacientes sanos para el diagnóstico correcto de Apendicitis Aguda(AU)

Acute Appendicitis manifests when there is inflammation of the cecal appendix, representing one of the most notable causes of acute abdomen with surgical prognosis in the world. There are scoring systems that have been generated for verification, using non-invasive techniques that are easy to apply and reproduce; highlighting among them the scales of ALVARADO, RIPASA, AIR, among others.Objective : To compare the sensitivity and specificity of the AIR Vs. RIPASA scales for the diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis at the National General Hospital "Dr. Ángel Larralde", period January 2020 ­ December 2022. Materials: Observational, descriptive and evaluative, prospective and cross-sectional study. Sample was intentional, non-probabilistic, meeting the inclusion criteria. For data collection, direct observation was used as a technique and the AIR and RIPASA scales as instruments.Results : Sample made up of 192 patients, with no gender predisposition. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and AIR diagnostic accuracy: 70%; 58.33%; 73.68%; 53.84%; 65.62%; RIPASE: 88.88%; 42.85%; 66.66%; 75%; 68.75%.Conclusions : The diagnostic accuracy for the RIPASA scale was slightly higher than for AIR (68.75% vs. 65.62%), allowing us to affirm that, in the study group, the application of the RIPASA scale was more convenient in healthy patients for the correct diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis(AU)

Apendicetomía electiva: caso clínico y revisión de la bibliografía / Elective appendectomy: clinical case and literature review / Apendectomia eletiva: caso clínico e revisão da literatura

Las masas inflamatorias de origen apendicular son cuadros de presentación poco frecuente, el 3 % de las apendicitis agudas. Su manejo terapéutico puede ser sistematizado en cirugía de inicio o tratamiento conservador. Este último consiste en antibioticoterapia exclusiva, o asociada al drenaje percutáneo. Es una alternativa frente a emprender una apendicectomía demandante, con riesgo de no identificar el apéndice cecal, lesión visceral y necesidad de conversión o resecciones extendidas. Sin embargo, en estos pacientes, la ausencia de la confirmación diagnóstica anatomo-patológica obliga a un seguimiento protocolizado a fin de descartar diagnósticos diferenciales de mayor relevancia pronóstica. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de un paciente en el que se realizó manejo conservador y apendicetomía electiva. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de las pautas de seguimiento e indicación de la apendicectomía electiva. Discusión y conclusiones: Las masas inflamatorias de origen apendicular representan un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico, requiriendo un manejo y seguimiento específico. La indicación de apendicectomía electiva es controversial, es planteable frente a la persistencia de imágenes patológicas y dudas diagnósticas, o en pacientes con apendicitis recurrentes.

Inflammatory masses of appendiceal origin are infrequent; represent 3 % of acute appendicitis. Its therapeutic management can be systematized in initial surgery or conservative treatment. The latter consists of exclusive antibiotic therapy, or associated with percutaneous drainage. it is an alternative to undertaking a demanding appendectomy, with the risk of not identifying the cecal appendix, visceral injury, and the need for conversion or extended resections. However, the absence of pathological diagnostic confirmation requires protocolized follow-up in order to rule out differential diagnoses of greater prognostic relevance. Objective: present the case of a patient who underwent conservative management and elective appendectomy. a bibliographic review was carried out in the databases: pubmed, cochrane library, scielo and lilacs. Discussion and conclusions: inflammatory masses of appendiceal origin represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, requiring specific management and follow-up. The indication for elective appendectomy is controversial, it is considered in the presence of persistent pathological images and diagnostic doubts, or in patients with recurrent appendicitis.

Massas inflamatórias de origem apendicular são quadros de apresentação pouco frequentes, 3 % de as apendicites agudas. seu manejo terapêutico pode ser sistematizado em cirurgia inicial ou tratamento conservador. esta última consiste na antibioticoterapia exclusiva, ou associada à drenagem percutânea. é uma alternativa à realização de uma apendicectomia exigente, com risco de não identificação do apêndice cecal, lesão visceral e necessidade de conversão ou ressecções extensas. no entanto, nesses pacientes, a ausência de confirmação diagnóstica patológica requer acompanhamento protocolarizado para afastar diagnósticos diferenciais de maior relevância prognóstica. Objetivo: apresentar o caso de um paciente submetido a tratamento conservador e apendicectomia eletiva. foi realizada revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados: pubmed, biblioteca cochrane, scielo e lilacs. Discussão e conclusões: as massas inflamatórias de origem apendicular representam um desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico, exigindo manejo e seguimento específicos. a indicação de apendicectomia eletiva é controversa, sendo considerada na presença de imagens patológicas persistentes e dúvidas diagnósticas, ou em pacientes com apendicite recorrente.

Morbimortalidad postoperatoria en pacientes infectados con SARS-COV-2 sometidos a apendicetomía urgente en el Hospital Obrero N°1 La Paz ­ Bolivia, 2020 / Postoperative morbimortality in patients infected with SARS-COV-2 undergoing urgent appendectomy at Obrero Hospital N°1 La Paz - Bolivia, 2020

Objetivo: conociendo la frecuencia de pacientes infectados con SARS-CoV-2 sometidos a apendicectomía de urgencia en el Hospital Obrero N°1 en la gestión 2020, el presente estudio busca describir las complicaciones relacionadas a la morbimortalidad postoperatoria en estos pacientes; siendo éstas un reflejo de la repercusión de esta infección en la práctica quirúrgica. Material y métodos: el estudio es descriptivo transversal. Se utilizó la revisión documental como técnica para la recolección de información. Tras revisar la estadística quirúrgica anual se identifican pacientes infectados con SARS-CoV-2 sometidos a apendicectomía urgente, se revisan sus expedientes clínicos digitales recolectando información perioperatoria con énfasis en el postoperatorio. Resultados: 1847 cirugías realizadas en 2020, 18 apendicectomías de urgencia en pacientes infectados con SARS-CoV-2. La mayoría de pacientes se encontraba entre 21 y 40 años, el género masculino fue el más frecuente. 39% de los casos presentaron apendicitis aguda gangrenada y otro 39% apendicitis perforada. 11% presentó peritonitis generalizada. La morbilidad postoperatoria corresponde a 6 pacientes que presentan complicaciones: 5 casos de seroma de herida operatoria, 2 casos de íleo paralítico transitorio, 1 caso de íleo paralítico prolongado y 1 solo caso de neumonía atípica por SARS-CoV-2. No se identificaron casos de mortalidad postoperatoria. Conclusiones: descritas la morbilidad y la ausencia de mortalidad postoperatorias en los pacientes infectados con SARS-CoV-2 que fueron sometidos a apendicetomía de urgencia, se observa que las conductas y prácticas adoptadas, acompañadas de las medidas de seguridad pertinentes fueron seguras para esta población

Objective: knowing the frequency of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who underwent emergency appendectomy at Obrero Hospital N°1 in the 2020, this study seeks to describe the complications related to postoperative morbidity and mortality in these patients; these being a reflection of the repercussion of this infection in surgical practice. Material and methods: the study is descriptive crosssectional. Documentary review was used as a technique for collecting information. After reviewing the annual surgical statistics, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 undergoing emergency appendectomy are identified, their digital clinical records are reviewed, collecting perioperative information with emphasis on the postoperative period. Results: 1847 surgeries performed in 2020, 18 emergency appendectomies in patients infected with SARSCoV-2. Most of the patients were between 21 and 40 years old, the male gender was the most frequent. 39% of the cases presented acute gangrenous appendicitis and another 39% perforated appendicitis. 11% presented generalized peritonitis. Postoperative morbidity corresponds to 6 patients presenting complications: 5 cases of surgical wound seroma, 2 cases of transient paralytic ileus, 1 case of prolonged paralytic ileus, and only 1 case of atypical pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2. No cases of postoperative mortality were identified. Conclusions: after describing the postoperative morbidity and absence of mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who underwent emergency appendectomy, it is observed that the behaviors and practices adopted, accompanied by the relevant security measures, were safe for this population

Clinical prediction rules in acute appendicitis: which combination of variables is more effective at predicting?

BACKGROUND: Clinical prediction rules have been designed to reduce variability and improve the diagnostic process. However, there are no unanimous criteria regarding which of them is the most efficient for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. AIM: The primary aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the most commonly used clinical prediction rules. The second aim was to identify the combination of the smallest number of clinical and analytical variables that would allow a cost-effective diagnostic approach. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted of 458 patients who were evaluated for right iliac fossa pain between January 2010 and December 2016. The scores tested were Alvarado, AIR, RIPASA, and AAS. Univariate and multiple regressions were used for validation. RESULTS: Alvarado one was the most efficient to establish a positive diagnosis of acute appendicitis. However, the most simplified and predictive combination variables included anorexia, white blood cell count > 8275 leukocytes/mL, neutrophilia (> 75%), abdominal pain < 48 h, migrating pain, and temperature out the range of 37-39ºC. CONCLUSIONS: A new and effective CPR (HMC score) for predicting appendicitis in patients presenting with the right iliac fossa pain has been established.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las escalas de predicción diagnóstica (EPD) se han diseñado con el objetivo de reducir la variabilidad y mejorar el proceso de diagnóstico. Sin embargo, no existen criterios unánimes sobre cuál de ellas es la más el más eficiente para el diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda. OBJETIVO: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia diagnóstica de las escalas de predicción diagnóstica más utilizadas. El segundo objetivo fue identificar la combinación del menor número de variables clínicas y analíticas que permitieran un enfoque diagnóstico más eficiente. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de 458 pacientes que fueron evaluados por dolor en la fosa ilíaca derecha entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2016. Las escalas evaluadas fueron las de Alvarado, AIR, RIPASA y AAS. Se utilizaron la regresion univariada y la múltiple para la validación de los resultados. RESULTADOS: la escala de Alvarado fue la más eficiente para establecer un diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda. No obstante, la combinación de las siguientes variables: anorexia, recuento de leucocitos > 8275 leucocitos/mL, neutrofilia (> 75%), dolor abdominal < 48 horas, dolor migratorio y temperatura fuera del rango de 37-39ºC, demostró ser la más eficiente para establecer un diagnóstico positivo de apendicitis aguda. CONCLUSIONES: Se ha desarrollada una nueva EPD (escala HMDC) para determinar la presencia de apendicitis en pacientes evaluados por dolor en la fosa ilíaca derecha.

Trombosis de vena mesentérica superior como complicación de apendicitis aguda: una entidad poco frecuente / Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis as a complication of acute appendicitis: a rare entity

Las complicaciones de la apendicitis aguda ha sido ampliamente descrita en la literatura; la trombosis venosa mesenterica es una manifestación poco común de esta patologia correspondiento a menos del 1 % de frecuencia, esto puede desorientar al cirujano general al coexistir en el cuadro de apendicitis aguda. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 58 años, con dolor abdominal de 5 días de evolución, con sintomatologia poco especifica para el diagnóstico concreto de apendicitis. Se realizó una tomografía computarizada de abdomen con hallazgos de apendicitis aguda y trombososis venosa mesenterica con un coágulo de 11.5 cm. Se hizó también apendicectomia abierta y se inició anticoagulación al egreso hospitalario.

The complications of acute appendicitis have been widely described in the literature; Mesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare manifestation of this pathology corresponding to less than 1% frequency, this can confuse the general surgeon as it coexists with acute appendicitis. We present the case of a 58-year-old male patient, with abdominal pain of 5 days of evolution, with symptoms that are not very specific for the specific diagnosis of appendicitis. Computed tomography of the abdomen was performed with findings of acute appendicitis and mesenteric venous thrombosis with a clot of 11.5 cm. An open appendectomy was performed and anticoagulation was started on hospital discharge.

Apendicitis aguda no complicada en situs inversus totalis. Reporte de un caso

Introducción: El situs inversus totalis es una malformación congénita rara, caracterizado por una posición invertida de los órganos torácicos y abdominales, influyendo negativamente en la aproximación diagnóstica y en el tratamiento quirúrgico. Reporte: Se diagnosticó apendicitis aguda en un paciente varón de 28 años que conocía su anormalidad anatómica y se corroboró con imágenes tomográficas y la exploración laparoscópica. Ingresó a emergencia con 30 horas de dolor abdominal con inicio en epigastrio y posterior irradiación hacia la fosa iliaca izquierda. La tomografía confirmó su condición de situs inversus totalis y signos patológicos en la apendicitis localizada en FII; se realizó la intervención por laparoscopia sin complicaciones. Discusión: En pacientes con dolor en el cuadrante inferior izquierdo es importante un adecuado diagnóstico diferencial y el conocimiento previo de una anormalidad anatómica comunicada oportunamente hace viable un diagnóstico adecuado y una resolución quirúrgica exitosa.

Introduction: Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital malformation, characterized by an inverted position of the thoracic and abdominal organs, negatively influencing the diagnostic approach and surgical treatment. Report: Acute appendicitis was diagnosed in a 28-year-old male patient who knew his anatomical abnormality and was corroborated with tomographic images and laparoscopic exploration. He was admitted to the emergency room with 30 hours of abdominal pain with onset in the epigastrium and subsequent radiation to the left iliac fossa. The tomography confirmed his condition of situs inversus totalis and pathological signs in localized appendicitis in FII; The laparoscopic intervention was performed without complications. Discusions: In patients with pain in the left lower quadrant, an adequate differential diagnosis is important and prior knowledge of an anatomical abnormality communicated in a timely manner, that makes feasible an adequate diagnosis and successful surgical resolution.

Apendicitis aguda en una gestante lúpica / Acute appendicitis in pregnant lupus

El lupus eritematoso sistémico es una enfermedad autoinmune que se caracteriza por un proceso inflamatorio crónico y el aumento de la producción de autoanticuerpos como mecanismos patogénicos. Se presenta con mayor frecuencia en pacientes femeninas y en edad fértil. La gestación en pacientes con esta enfermedad se considera como una condición de extrema precaución, ya que existe influencia de la gestación en la actividad clínica del lupus y del lupus en la evolución de la gestación. Las complicaciones quirúrgicas, como es el caso de una apendicitis aguda, aportan mayor riesgo al binomio madre-feto. El objetivo del presente trabajo es comunicar la experiencia de tratamiento de una paciente de 31 años de edad, con diagnóstico de lupus eritematoso sistémico y a quien a las 35,6 semanas de gestación se le presentó un cuadro de apendicitis aguda que no solo provocó la actividad de la enfermedad, sino que causó la interrupción de la gestación. La paciente y el recién nacido presentaron una evolución favorable sin complicaciones posteriores.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that includes the presence of a chronic inflammatory process and increased production of autoantibodies as etiopathogenic mechanisms. As a disease, it occurs more frequently in female patients and those of childbearing age. Pregnancy in patients with this disease is considered an element of extreme caution since there is an influence of pregnancy on the clinical activity of lupus and lupus on the evolution of pregnancy. The presence of surgical complications, as is the case of acute appendicitis, brings greater risk to the mother-fetus binomial. The objective of this report is to communicate the treatment experience of a 31-year-old patient, diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and who at 35.6 weeks of gestation presented acute appendicitis that not only causes disease activity, but it generates the need to interrupt the pregnancy. The patient and the newborn had a favorable evolution, with no subsequent complications.